Oxidative Stress, Ferritin and Rosacea

[Guide]

Mechanism of free radical toxicity induced by xenobiotics (Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons)

Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage. Wikipedia

"These findings clearly show that in the mild involvement phase of rosacea patients, superoxide dismutase activity was stimulated to protect the skin against reactive oxygen species so that the malondialdehyde levels were maintained. In contrast, in more severe disease, due to a decrease in the capacity of the antioxidant defence system, the malondialdehyde levels were increased. These findings support the 'antioxidant system defect hypothesis' in rosacea patients." [4]

Ferritin is a universal intracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled fashion. The protein is produced by almost all living organisms, including algae, bacteria, higher plants, and animals. In humans, it acts as a buffer against iron deficiency and iron overload.[3] Ferritin is found in most tissues as a cytosolic protein, but small amounts are secreted into the serum where it functions as an iron carrier. Plasma ferritin is also an indirect marker of the total amount of iron stored in the body, hence serum ferritin is used as a diagnostic test for iron-deficiency anemia. Wikipedia

These results support the role of oxidative stress and affected metabolism of iron in etiology of rosacea. The higher presence of ferritin in skin cells of rosacea patients explains the exacerbation of symptoms by exposure to UV light, that releases ferritin free iron, which is fundamental in the generation of oxidative stress. [1]

The statistically significant differences in the expression of ferritin, higher peroxide levels, and lower antioxidative potential support the onset of systemic oxidative stress in patients with rosacea. [2]

Iron and/or ferritin accumulation are known to occur under pathological conditions in many inflammatory skin diseases or in human skin chronically exposed to UV light. [3]

Antioxidant System Defect Hypothesis
For more info since this post is related to the ASDH theory on rosacea. 

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End Notes

[1] Lijec Vjesn. 2011 Jul-Aug;133(7-8):288-91.
The role of oxidative stress and iron in pathophysiology of rosacea.
Tisma VS, Poljak-Blazi M.

[2] J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009 Feb;60(2):270-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.10.014. Epub 2008 Nov 25.
Oxidative stress and ferritin expression in the skin of patients with rosacea.
Tisma VS, Basta-Juzbasic A, Jaganjac M, Brcic L, Dobric I, Lipozencic J, Tatzber F, Zarkovic N, Poljak-Blazi M.

[3] J Photochem Photobiol B. 2000 Jan;54(1):43-54.
Contrasting effects of excess ferritin expression on the iron-mediated oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide or ultraviolet-A in human fibroblasts and keratinocytes.
Giordani A, Haigle J, Leflon P, Risler A, Salmon S, Aubailly M, Mazière JC, Santus R, Morlière P.

[4] Clin Exp Dermatol. 2003 Mar;28(2):188-92.
The role of free oxygen radicals in the aetiopathogenesis of rosacea.
Oztas MO, Balk M, Ogüs E, Bozkurt M, Ogüs IH, Ozer N.

[Guide]

"Further experiments using LPS-induced murine macrophages revealed that coffee extracts protect cells against oxidative stress by enhancing the content of the antioxidant GSH and stimulating expressions of the genes related with the cellular antioxidation system. Also, coffee extracts decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. However, different roasting levels may dilute those effects by decreasing the concentrations of key compounds during the roasting procedures."

Journal of Medicinal Food
Cellular Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Coffee Extracts with Different Roasting Levels
Jung Soohan, Kim Min Hyung, Park Jae Hee, Jeong Yoonhwa, and Ko Kwang Suk. Journal of Medicinal Food. June 2017, 20(6): 626-635. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2017.3935
Online Ahead of Print: June 5, 2017
Published in Volume: 20 Issue 6: June 1, 2017