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  1. Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Mar 17;13(3):270. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13030270. ABSTRACT Clindamycin is a highly effective antibiotic of the lincosamide class. It has been widely used for decades to treat a range of skin and soft tissue infections in dermatology and medicine. Clindamycin is commonly prescribed for acne vulgaris, with current practice standards utilizing fixed-combination topicals containing clindamycin that prevent Cutibacterium acnes growth and reduce inflammation associated with acne lesion formation. Certain clinical presentations of folliculitis, rosacea, staphylococcal infections, and hidradenitis suppurativa are also responsive to clindamycin, demonstrating its suitability and versatility as a treatment option. This review describes the use of clindamycin in dermatological practice, the mechanism of protein synthesis inhibition by clindamycin at the level of the bacterial ribosome, and clindamycin's anti-inflammatory properties with a focus on its ability to ameliorate inflammation in acne. A comparison of the dermatologic indications for similarly utilized antibiotics, like the tetracycline class antibiotics, is also presented. Finally, this review addresses both the trends and mechanisms for clindamycin and antibiotic resistance, as well as the current clinical evidence in support of the continued, targeted use of clindamycin in dermatology. PMID:38534705 | DOI:10.3390/antibiotics13030270 {url} = URL to article
  2. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2024 Mar 25;57:e008042024. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0605-2023. eCollection 2024. ABSTRACT Cutaneous involvement in paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) can exhibit a highly polymorphic spectrum. The infiltrative pattern corresponds to up to 26.6% of observed skin lesions, including sarcoid-like plaques, a rare presentation of cutaneous lesions in PCM. This clinical expression is almost exclusively cutaneous, and its histology reveals a tuberculoid granuloma with a scarcity of fungi, leading to misdiagnosis as other granulomatous diseases. Here, we report a rare form of chronic multifocal paracoccidioidomycosis manifesting as sarcoid-like skin lesions misdiagnosed as granulomatous rosacea in a patient with severe systemic disease. PMID:38537002 | DOI:10.1590/0037-8682-0605-2023 {url} = URL to article
  3. Otol Neurotol Open. 2023 Nov 22;3(4):e043. doi: 10.1097/ONO.0000000000000043. eCollection 2023 Dec. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Pulsatile tinnitus (PT) is increasingly recognized as a cardinal symptom of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). However, clinicians should remain aware of other causes of nonidiopathic or secondary intracranial hypertension manifesting as PT. We present 2 patients with isolated PT (without accompanying headache, blurred vision, and papilledema) thought to be secondary to tetracycline-induced intracranial hypertension. To our knowledge, these are the first cases of PT as the presenting symptom of this condition. CASES: A 41-year-old female (body mass index [BMI] 29 kg/m2) with ocular rosacea was initially treated with minocycline. Shortly after transitioning to oral doxycycline and erythromycin eye ointment, she noted left-sided PT. Her PT resolved after discontinuing doxycycline. In a second case, a 39-year-old female (BMI 19 kg/m2) with acne presented with a three-year history of left-sided PT while on long-term oral doxycycline for many years. She denied visual or auditory changes and atypical headaches. MRI findings were concerning for intracranial hypertension. Three months later, the patient was seen by neuro-ophthalmology, with findings suggesting prior papilledema. The patient reported PT improvement after discontinuing doxycycline. CONCLUSIONS: This case series highlights 2 cases of isolated PT as the sole symptom of intracranial hypertension that resolved with tetracycline cessation. The presentation and unexpected improvement following tetracycline discontinuation are atypical compared with previous reports of tetracycline-induced intracranial hypertension. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for all types of intracranial hypertension (idiopathic and secondary), even in patients with a lower BMI. Current and prior medications should be reviewed when considering the etiology of intracranial hypertension. PMID:38516546 | PMC:PMC10950181 | DOI:10.1097/ONO.0000000000000043 {url} = URL to article
  4. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2024 Mar 21:1-8. doi: 10.1080/09273948.2024.2328791. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to illustrate the changes in ocular findings, meibography, and tear break-up time (TBUT) values in pediatric patients with ocular rosacea following a standardized treatment. METHODS: The study included consecutive patients diagnosed with ocular rosacea, referred to a tertiary hospital between 2021 and 2023. Each patient underwent biomicroscopic examinations, non-invasive TBUT assessments, corneal fluorescein staining (evaluated using the Oxford scoring system), and meibography. The standard treatment protocol involved warm compresses, eyelid hygiene, preservative-free sodium hyaluronate eye drops (administered four times daily), topical azithromycin 1.5% (twice daily for 3 days), topical steroids (loteprednol 0.5%, four times daily for 2 weeks), and either doxycycline 100 mg/day for 14 days or oral suspension of azithromycin 10 mg/kg for 3 days followed by an additional three-day course of treatment administered 10 days later (for patients above and below 14 years of age, respectively). RESULTS: The study included 18 patients, with 10 (55.5%) being female and 8 (44.4%) being male, with a mean age of 9.7 ± 4.5 years (range: 3-18). Four patients displayed cutaneous involvement. The treatments resulted in significant improvements in the Oxford scores, reduction in corneal neovascularization, and increased TBUT (p < 0.001, p = 0.016, p < 0.001, respectively). Meibomian gland loss area also significantly improved post-treatment (27.4 ± 6.7% vs 39.2 ± 13.4%, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that pediatric ocular rosacea patients may exhibit improved meibomian gland function, regression of corneal neovascularization, and enhanced tear film parameters following a standardized treatment protocol that includes both topical and systemic approaches. PMID:38512290 | DOI:10.1080/09273948.2024.2328791 {url} = URL to article
  5. JAAD Case Rep. 2024 Feb 19;46:18-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2024.02.005. eCollection 2024 Apr. NO ABSTRACT PMID:38496728 | PMC:PMC10943928 | DOI:10.1016/j.jdcr.2024.02.005 {url} = URL to article
  6. Front Immunol. 2024 Feb 29;15:1382092. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1382092. eCollection 2024. ABSTRACT [This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1285951.]. PMID:38487539 | PMC:PMC10938264 | DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1382092 {url} = URL to article
  7. Dermatol Online J. 2023 Oct 15;29(5). doi: 10.5070/D329562420. NO ABSTRACT PMID:38478655 | DOI:10.5070/D329562420 {url} = URL to article
  8. Dermatol Online J. 2023 Dec 15;29(6). doi: 10.5070/D329662989. ABSTRACT Research in dermatology education highlights the lack of skin of color (SOC) instruction for medical students, leading to concerning healthcare outcomes. Because of the already limited opportunity for students to have dedicated teaching in pathophysiology, management, and treatment of dermatologic diseases in medical school, we developed an educational module that addresses these gaps. We created a one-hour virtual lecture for medical students focused on common skin diseases tested on the United States Medical Licensing Examination with visual images across all skin types. A questionnaire was administered before and after the educational module to assess outcomes comparing disease identification in lighter (Fitzpatrick scale I-III) versus darker (Fitzpatrick scale IV-VI) skin tones and to determine medical school student attitudes. An analysis of 43 examination scores before, and after attending the educational module determined rosacea, psoriasis, and basal cell carcinoma to be conditions in SOC patients that demonstrated the most significant improvement (47.3%, 54.9%, and 30.8%, respectively). Our results also highlighted worse performance outcomes for diseases in SOC in the pre-examination questionnaire. Thus, our study indicates that a concise education module focused on disease presentations inclusive of all skin types may efficiently increase students' ability to identify diseases commonly misdiagnosed in the clinical setting. PMID:38478660 | DOI:10.5070/D329662989 {url} = URL to article
  9. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2024 Mar 12. doi: 10.1111/jdv.19913. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Itch as the most common symptom in dermatology has been shown to be related to psychological factors such as stress, anxiety and depression. Moreover, associations were found between perceived stigmatization and itch. However, studies investigating the differences between patients with dermatoses with and without itch regarding perceived stress, stigmatization, anxiety and depression are missing. Therefore, one of the aims of the second study of the European Society for Dermatology and Psychiatry (ESDaP study II) was to investigate these relationships in a large cohort of patients with different itchy dermatoses. RESULTS: 3399 patients with 14 different itchy dermatoses were recruited at 22 centres in 17 European countries. They filled in questionnaires to assess perceived stigmatization, stress, signs of clinically relevant anxiety or depression, itch-related quality of life, the overall health status, itch duration, frequency and intensity. The most significant association between the severity of itching and the perception of stress was observed among individuals with rosacea (correlation coefficient r = 0.314). Similarly, the strongest links between itch intensity and experiences of stigmatization, anxiety, and depression were found in patients with seborrheic dermatitis (correlation coefficients r = 0.317, r = 0.356, and r = 0.400, respectively). Utilizing a stepwise linear regression analysis, it was determined that within the entire patient cohort, 9.3% of the variation in itch intensity could be accounted for by factors including gender, levels of anxiety, depression, and perceived stigmatization. Females and individuals with elevated anxiety, depression, and perceived stigmatization scores reported more pronounced itch intensities compared to those with contrary attributes. CONCLUSION: This study underscores the connection between experiencing itch and its intensity and the psychological strain it places on individuals. Consequently, psychological interventions should encompass both addressing the itch itself and the interconnected psychological factors. In specific cases, it becomes imperative for dermatologists to direct individuals towards suitable healthcare resources to undergo further psychological assessment. PMID:38468596 | DOI:10.1111/jdv.19913 {url} = URL to article
  10. Eur J Dermatol. 2023 Dec 1;33(6):612-617. doi: 10.1684/ejd.2023.4619. ABSTRACT Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that significantly impairs quality of life, however, its pathophysiology is still unclear. Previous studies have suspected that the bacterial -microbiome plays a causative role in the disease. To investigate whether there are differences in the abundance and diversity of facial bacterial microbiomes between rosacea patients and healthy controls. Samples of facial microorganisms from subjects were collected with sterile swabs, and the V3 and V4 regions of bacterial 16S rRNA were amplified and sequenced using the MiSeq platform of the Illumina system. A total of 44 samples qualified (including 17 in the case group and 27 in the control group), comprising 2,048 operational taxonomic units belonging to 40 phyla and 1,312 species that were clustered. The alpha diversity in patients with rosacea was higher than that in healthy controls, but this difference was not statistically significant. In addition, compared with healthy individuals, the mean relative abundance of Cutibacterium acens was significantly lower (61.79% vs 79.69%, p=0.014) and that of Staphylococcus epidermidis was higher (19.64% vs 6.48%, p=0.036) in rosacea patients. Changes in microbial abundance and diversity correlate with the pathogenesis of rosacea. PMID:38465541 | DOI:10.1684/ejd.2023.4619 {url} = URL to article
  11. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2023 Dec;16(12 Suppl 2):S14-S15. NO ABSTRACT PMID:38464742 | PMC:PMC10919953 {url} = URL to article
  12. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2024 Mar 1;52(2):23-31. doi: 10.15586/aei.v52i2.978. eCollection 2024. ABSTRACT Morbihan syndrome (MS) is characterized by solid facial edema, usually related to rosacea or acne vulgaris. The facial edema deforms the patient's features, can impair peripheral vision, and affects quality of life. Its pathophysiology remains unclear. The disease usually has a slow and chronic course. MS most commonly affects middle-aged Caucasian men with rosacea and is rare in people below 20 years of age. MS is a diagnosis of exclusion. There is no standard treatment for MS, though systemic isotretinoin and antihistamines are mainly used. We present the case of an adolescent girl with MS nonresponding to 19 months of isotretinoin treatment with add-on antihistamines. Therapy with monthly administration of omalizumab (anti-IgE) for 6 months was an effective therapeutic option, improving the quality of life. Our case is the second description of omalizumab use in Morbihan syndrome, the first in an adolescent. PMID:38459887 | DOI:10.15586/aei.v52i2.978 {url} = URL to article
  13. JMIR Med Inform. 2024 Mar 8;12:e57654. doi: 10.2196/57654. ABSTRACT [This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/23415.]. PMID:38457810 | DOI:10.2196/57654 {url} = URL to article url to original article
  14. J Cutan Med Surg. 2024 Mar 7:12034754241229365. doi: 10.1177/12034754241229365. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory condition of which there is no cure. The pathogenesis of rosacea is likely multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental contributions. Current understanding suggests that pro-inflammatory pathways involving cathelicidins and inflammasome complexes are central to rosacea pathogenesis. Common rosacea triggers modulate these pathways in a complex manner, which may contribute to the varying severity and clinical presentations of rosacea. Established and emerging rosacea treatments may owe their efficacy to their ability to target different players in these pro-inflammatory pathways. Improving our molecular understanding of rosacea will guide the development of new therapies and the use of combination therapies. PMID:38450615 | DOI:10.1177/12034754241229365 {url} = URL to article
  15. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2024 Feb;17(2):47-51. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR) is recognized by flushing, persistent centrofacial erythema, and telangiectasia. Many lines of topical treatments have been used for ETR with variable outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 10% topical tranexamic acid (TXA) with and without microneedling in treating ETR. METHODS: All patients received treatment on both sides of the face, the right side was treated with microneedling combined with 10% topical TXA, and the left side was treated with 10% topical TXA only. All patients received three sessions at two weeks intervals. The final evaluation was done three months after the last treatment session. RESULTS: The study included 45 females. Their age ranged between 20 and 48 years. The duration of the disease ranged from two months to five years. Both sides of the face showed improvement after treatment. There was a clinically and dermoscopic significant improvement in the side treated with microneedling + TXA compared to the side of the face treated with TXA alone. LIMITATIONS: The small sample size and the lack of long-term follow-up. CONCLUSION: This study showed that TXA is an effective and safe treatment modality for ETR. Microneedling can enhance the delivery of TXA and lead to better outcomes regarding erythema and telangiectasia. PMID:38444423 | PMC:PMC10911261 {url} = URL to article
  16. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2024 Feb;17(2):32-42. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to review the current and emerging dermatological applications of the novel thermomechanical fractional injury (TMFI) device, Tixel® (Novoxel, Netanya, Israel). METHODS: A systematic review of PubMed using the search terms of "Tixel", "thermomechanical fractional", ["thermomechanical ablation" and "skin"], and ["thermomechanical ablation" and "dermatology"]. RESULTS: Thirty-six articles matched our inquiry. Fifteen articles did not meet inclusion criteria. Of the remaining 21 articles, eight were related to device-assisted drug delivery, seven related to photoaging, and seven related to scientific/ preclinical exploration. Preclinical studies have shown ablative and non-ablative microchannel formation similar to that of CO₂ laser but without charring, with clinical studies demonstrating efficacy for a wide range of applications including rhytides, hypertrophic scarring, infantile hemangiomas, and acne/rosacea. The treatment is well tolerated with minimal discomfort and downtime, showing promise for pain-averse and pediatric populations. Few adverse events have been reported, with a high degree of safety demonstrated in all Fitzpatrick types. LIMITATIONS: Heterogeneous result reporting among studies. Limited number of randomized controlled trials. CONCLUSION: Tixel® is an emerging TMFI device with a wide range of current and potential applications, including device-assisted drug delivery and treatment of rhytides, photoaging, and scars among other conditions. The device has both ablative and non-ablative settings and has been safely used in all Fitzpatrick skin types. Larger and randomized controlled trials are needed to compare this device to current standard of care treatments. PMID:38444425 | PMC:PMC10911265 {url} = URL to article
  17. J Invest Dermatol. 2024 Mar 4:S0022-202X(24)00170-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.02.012. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by immune response-dependent erythema and pustules. S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9), a pro-inflammatory alarmin, has been associated with various inflammation-related diseases. However, the specific role of S100A9 in rosacea remains unexplored. Therefore, our objective was to unravel the role of S100A9 in the pathogenesis of rosacea and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we show that expression levels of S100A9 were elevated in both the lesions and serum of PPR patients, as well as in lesions of the LL37-induced rosacea-like mouse model. Moreover, the upregulation of S100A9 was correlated with clinical severity and levels of inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, we demonstrated that S100A9 promoted the production of pro-inflammatory factors in HaCaT cells by activating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways. Notably, inhibition of S100A9 suppressed the progression of rosacea-like dermatitis and inflammatory responses in the LL37-induced rosacea-like mouse model via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways. In conclusion, this study illustrated that S100A9 participates in the pathogenesis of rosacea by upregulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways, thereby promoting rosacea-associated skin inflammation. These results not only expand our understanding of the potential role of S100A9 in the development of rosacea, but also offers greater insight toward targeted therapies. PMID:38447867 | DOI:10.1016/j.jid.2024.02.012 {url} = URL to article
  18. Front Public Health. 2024 Feb 19;12:1320932. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1320932. eCollection 2024. ABSTRACT BACKGROUNDS: Observational studies have shown that cigarette smoking is inversely associated with risk of rosacea, However, it remains uncertain whether this association is causal or it is a result of reverse causation, and whether this association is affected by drinking behaviors. METHODS: This study utilized the summary-level data from the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) for smoking, alcohol consumption, and rosacea. The objective was to investigate the effect of genetically predicted exposures to smoking and alcohol consumption on the risk of developing rosacea. Two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) was applied, accompanied by sensitive analyses to validate the robustness of findings. Furthermore, multivariable MR was conducted to evaluate the direct impact of smoking on rosacea. RESULTS: A decreased risk of rosacea was observed in individuals with genetically predicted lifetime smoking [odds ratio (OR)MR - IVW = 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.318-0.897; P = 0.017], and number of cigarettes per day (ORMR - IVW = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.358-0.845; P = 0.006). However, no significant associations were found between initiation of regular smoking, smoking cessation, smoking initiation, alcohol consumption and rosacea. Reverse MR analysis did not show any associations between genetic liability toward rosacea and smoking or alcohol drinking. Importantly, the effect of lifetime smoking and the number of cigarettes per day on rosacea remained significant even after adjusting for alcohol consumption in multivariable MR analysis. CONCLUSION: Smoking was causally related to a lower risk of rosacea, while alcohol consumption does not appear to be associated with risk of rosacea. PMID:38439759 | PMC:PMC10909955 | DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1320932 {url} = URL to article
  19. J Osteopath Med. 2024 Mar 5. doi: 10.1515/jom-2023-0269. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:38436596 | DOI:10.1515/jom-2023-0269 {url} = URL to article
  20. Ocul Surf. 2024 Mar 1:S1542-0124(24)00028-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2024.02.006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Chronic inflammation is a predisposing factor for metaplastic changes and ultimately dysplasia. We describe cases of OSSN occurring in the setting of chronic ocular surface inflammation. METHODS: Sixteen eyes from 14 individuals were included from one ocular oncology clinic between 2010 and 2023. Patients presented with ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) in the setting of chronic inflammation. The diagnosis of OSSN was made using anterior segment high-resolution optical coherence tomography (HR-OCT) and confirmed by histopathological analysis in all cases. RESULTS: Median age on presentation was 61 [IQR 47.5-69.2] years. Eleven (86%) individuals were male and five (36%) identified as White Hispanic. Ten eyes were referred with ocular surface diagnoses including pannus (n = 4), scarring (n = 3), pterygium (n = 2), and herpetic keratitis (n = 1). Only six eyes were referred as possible neoplasia. All individuals had a history of ocular surface inflammation. The most common inflammatory conditions were ocular rosacea (seven individuals) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) (five individuals). Two individuals were found to have bilateral OSSN, one in the setting of ocular rosacea and the other in the setting of AKC. All 16 eyes from 14 individuals were suspected to have OSSN based on HR-OCT findings which guided the location of the incisional biopsies that subsequently confirmed histopathological diagnosis in all cases. CONCLUSION: OSSN may arise in the setting of chronic inflammation on the ocular surface. Identification of the tumor can be challenging in these cases, and HR-OCT can be a key diagnostic tool in detecting OSSN. PMID:38432640 | DOI:10.1016/j.jtos.2024.02.006 {url} = URL to article
  21. Int J Dermatol. 2024 Mar 1. doi: 10.1111/ijd.17114. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:38429862 | DOI:10.1111/ijd.17114 {url} = URL to article
  22. Skin Res Technol. 2024 Mar;30(3):e13616. doi: 10.1111/srt.13616. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To investigate the life, sleep quality and anxiety of rosacea patients in Yunnan and the improvement of these aspects after treatment. METHODS: A total of 141 patients with rosacea and 123 healthy controls were included in our study. The quality of life, sleep quality and anxiety of patients with rosacea and healthy controls were investigated by the Rosacea Severity Scores (RSSs), the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). The quality of life, sleep quality and anxiety of patients with rosacea were assessed again after treatment. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, patients with rosacea had significantly lower physical component scores (PCS) and mental component scores (MCS) but higher PSQI and SAS scores. After treatment, rosacea patients showed significantly higher MCS but lower PSQI and SAS scores. Correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between PCS, MCS, PSQI, SAS and RSSs. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with rosacea have a lower quality of life and sleep quality and tend to be more anxious than healthy controls. In addition, the mental quality of life, sleep quality and anxiety of rosacea patients can be significantly improved after treatment. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the psychological status of rosacea patients. Psychological counseling and intervention are necessary to better prevent and treat rosacea. PMID:38424730 | DOI:10.1111/srt.13616 {url} = URL to article
  23. J Dermatol. 2024 Feb 29. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.17168. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Systemic inflammation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of rosacea. Many studies have reported hematological parameters as biomarkers for diseases with inflammatory processes. However, the diagnostic value of hematological parameters in rosacea remains a puzzle. This study involved 462 patients with rosacea, including erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR, n = 179), papulopustular rosacea (PPR, n = 250), and phymatous rosacea (PhR, n = 33), and 924 healthy control subjects. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory information was collected and compared between rosacea subtypes. The hematological parameters of the patients and the healthy controls were compared retrospectively. The platelet volume (MPV) and platelet crit (PCT) were significantly upregulated, and the lower red cell distribution width (RDW) was significantly downregulated in rosacea compared to healthy controls, and they were identified as the diagnostic biomarkers for rosacea with area under the curve values of 0.828, 0.742, and 0.787, respectively. Comparing the hematological parameters among the three rosacea subtypes, we found that platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-neutrophil ratio values in the ETR group were significantly higher than those in the PPR and PhR groups. The correlation between hematological parameters and clinical scores showed that RDW was negatively correlated with the Clinician Erythema Assessment score. However, there was no significant correlation between the Investigator Global Assessment score and hematological parameters. In conclusion, PCT, MPV, and RDW have diagnostic value for rosacea, and RDW is correlated with the severity of rosacea erythema, implying the potential applications of PCT, MPV, and RDW in the diagnosis and monitoring of rosacea. PMID:38421898 | DOI:10.1111/1346-8138.17168 {url} = URL to article
  24. Australas J Dermatol. 2024 Feb 28. doi: 10.1111/ajd.14224. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Atrophic acne scarring is a common sequela of inflammatory acne, causing significant problems for affected patients. Although prolonged inflammation and subsequent aberrant tissue regeneration are considered the underlying pathogenesis, the role of epidermal stem cells, which are crucial to the regeneration of pilosebaceous units, remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To examine the changes occurring in epidermal stem cells in atrophic acne scars. METHODS: Changes in collagen, elastic fibre and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression were analysed in normal skin and inflammatory acne lesions at days 1, 3 and 7 after development. The expression of epidermal stem cell markers and proliferation markers was compared between normal skin and mature atrophic acne scar tissue. RESULTS: In acne lesions, inflammation had invaded into pilosebaceous units over time. Their normal structure had been destructed and replaced with a reduced amount of collagen and elastic fibre. Expression of stem cell markers including CD34, p63, leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor (LGR)6 and LGR5, which are expressed in the interfollicular epidermis, isthmus and bulge of hair follicles, significantly decreased in atrophic acne scar tissue compared to normal skin. Epidermal proliferation was significantly reduced in scar tissue. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that as inflammatory acne lesions progress, inflammation gradually infiltrates the pilosebaceous unit and affects the resident stem cells. This disruption impedes the normal regeneration of the interfollicular epidermis and adnexal structures, resulting in atrophic acne scars. PMID:38419202 | DOI:10.1111/ajd.14224 {url} = URL to article
  25. Drugs. 2024 Feb 29. doi: 10.1007/s40265-024-02003-w. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Rosacea, a chronic skin condition affecting millions of people in the USA, leads to significant social and professional stigmatization. Effective management strategies are crucial to alleviate symptoms and improve patients' quality of life. Encapsulated benzoyl peroxide 5% (E-BPO 5%) is a newly FDA-approved topical treatment for rosacea that shows promise in enhancing therapeutic response and minimizing skin irritation. This review aims to assess the role of recently FDA approved E-BPO 5% in the current treatment landscape for rosacea management, as it is not yet included in clinical guidelines that predominantly rely on older approved therapies. The review focuses on randomized controlled trials conducted in English-speaking adults. It evaluates the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of various US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved agents used for rosacea treatment, including E-BPO cream, metronidazole gel, azelaic acid gel and foam, ivermectin cream, minocycline foam, oral doxycycline, brimonidine gel, and oxymetazoline HCl cream. Existing therapies have been effective in reducing papulopustular lesions and erythema associated with rosacea for many years. E-BPO 5% offers a promising addition to the treatment options due to its microencapsulation technology, which prolongs drug delivery time and aims to improve therapeutic response while minimizing skin irritation. Further research is necessary to determine the exact role of E-BPO 5% in the therapeutic landscape for rosacea. However, based on available evidence, E-BPO 5% shows potential as a valuable treatment option for managing inflammatory lesions of rosacea, and it may offer benefits to patients including: rapid onset of action, demonstrated efficacy by Week 2, excellent tolerability, and sustained long-term results for up to 52 weeks of treatment. PMID:38418773 | DOI:10.1007/s40265-024-02003-w {url} = URL to article
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