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  • Misdiagnosed Rosacea

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    Articles, References and Anecdotal Reports

    There are articles on rosacea that mention misdiagnosed rosacea. While this isn't a massive problem, nevertheless, here is a list of different sources that mention the subject, including (if you scroll below) many anecdotal reports of misdiagnosis. Misdiagnosis is what falls under the medical umbrella called 'medical error.' You should be aware that rosacea may be a catch all diagnosis for a number of skin conditions that present with erythema and/or pimples. The list of skin conditions that need to be differentiated from rosacea is massive. It is no wonder that misdiagnosis occasionally happens. There are reports coming out of China of using AI in computer aided diagnosis that may reduce the number of misdiagnosed rosacea in the future. 

    Add Your Report
    If you want to add your experience with misdiagnosis please post your anecdotal report in this thread, since we are not adding to this page any more anecdotal reports. If you scroll below we have over 100 anecdotal reports of misdiagnosis. More are being added as we find more or if you add your report to this thread

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    Articles and References from Reputable Authorities 

    "To the untrained eye, unusual skin presentations can cause confusion and alarm. They can also go misdiagnosed, often not getting the attention they require. This is because many skin conditions can seem similar in appearance to one another, says Shari Marchbein, board-certified dermatologist and clinical assistant professor of dermatology at New York University School of Medicine....Another common misdiagnosis is rosacea disguised as acne, says Estee Williams, a board-certified medical, cosmetic and surgical dermatologist and clinical professor in dermatology at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City." 
    4 Skin Conditions That Are Often Misdiagnosed, According to Dermatologists, BY ERIN NICOLE CELLETTI, Allure

    "Rosacea SKINsights sponsored by Galderma Laboratories [reveals] the lengths that women with rosacea would go to if they could get rid of their rosacea forever, and highlight the low awareness and complicated diagnosis path for this common condition. On average, women with rosacea waited at least seven months before receiving a correct diagnosis, and only half of respondents had ever heard of the condition upon the time of diagnosis. This reveals the high level of misunderstanding and confusion that surrounds rosacea..." Medical News Today

    "Currently, rosacea is only diagnosed by clinical symptoms and can be confused with other dermatological diseases such as acne."
    New Treatment or Diagnosis for Rosacea with Existing Approved Drugs
    Tech ID: 19149 / UC Case 2007-047-0
    University of California, San Diego
    Technology Transfer Office

    "Despite its apparent high incidence, the nosology of rosacea is not well established, and the term “rosacea” has been applied to patients and research subjects with a diverse set of clinical findings that may or may not be an integral part of this disorder. In addition to the diversity of clinical manifestations, the etiology and pathogenesis of rosacea are unknown, and there are no histologic or serologic markers."
    Standard classification of rosacea: Report of the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea

    ''Some physicians may not be aware of or recognize rosacea and may treat patients with rosacea inappropriately as if they had adult acne.''
    Dr. Jonathan Wilkin NRS Medical Advisory Board

    "Rosacea is a common dermatologic disorder. It is frequently overlooked or misdiagnosed, particularly when mild in nature."
    Rosacea: A Review of a Common Disorder by Carolyn Knox, IJAPA

    "Patients with rosacea frequently present with coexisting skin conditions, such as seborrheic dermatitis, acne, perioral dermatitis, and melasma, which may complicate diagnosis and treatment."
    Heather Roebuck, Nurse Pract. 2011 Jan 11.

    "A committee member, Dr. Mark Dahl, a dermatologist at the Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Ariz., said, ''This is a syndrome with lots of different elements that is easy to diagnose when all the elements are present,'' but not as easy when only one or two of the characteristics appear."
    PERSONAL HEALTH; Sometimes Rosy Cheeks Are Just Rosy Cheeks
    By JANE E. BRODY, New York Times, March 16, 2004

    "Rosacea is a complex and often misdiagnosed condition." The Rosacea Forum Moderated by Drs. Bernstein and Geronemus (site is down but you can view this statement in the Wayback Machine)

    "Whereas the classical subtypes of rosacea can be recognized quite well, the variants of rosacea may be overlooked or misdiagnosed." rosacea.dermis.net

    "Rosacea is often misdiagnosed as acne or discoid or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)." Christiane Northup, M.D.

    "Frequently misdiagnosed as adult acne, this chronic, progressive skin disorder affects millions." Recognizing and Managing Rosacea by Thalia Swinler, JSTOR

    "The last subtype, ocular rosacea, is common but often misdiagnosed." uspharmacist.com

    "The signs and symptoms of ocular rosacea in children may be frequently underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed..." NRS Rosacea Review, Summer 2008

    “It’s a condition that is often misdiagnosed and overdiagnosed. Sometimes a rosy cheek is just a rosy cheek.” Herbert Goodheart, M.D., a dermatologist in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., and author of “Acne for Dummies,” as quoted in the New York Times article

    "Dr. Jay points to the inherent dangers of misdiagnosis and inability to handle complications because of a limited understanding of cutaneous physiology."
    IPL: Wave of the future in rosacea therapy by John Nemec, Aug 1, 2006

    "...unusual manifestations of rosacea may be overlooked or misdiagnosed...."
    Rosacea: An Update
    Stanislaw A. Buechner
    Dermatology 2005;210:100-108 (DOI: 10.1159/000082564)

    "Rosacea is a skin condition as misunderstood as sensitive skin, and as frequently misdiagnosed." Dermilogica

    "Rosacea is a very common, but often misunderstood and misdiagnosed skin condition." skinlaboratory.com

    "Rosacea is a long lasting, non-scarring skin condition of the face that is often misdiagnosed as adult acne." Paul M. Friedman, MD

    "Rosacea is quite often misdiagnosed as any number of other skin disorders including acne." methodsofhealing.com

    "Often misdiagnosed as adult acne, allergy or eczema, Rosacea, if left untreated, tends to worsen over time...." Dana Anderson Skin Care

    "This present patient clearly had facial changes typical of acne rosacea, with erythema and telangiectasias of the cheeks, forehead, and nose. He had all the typical lid changes as well, including collarattes that are pathognomonic of staphylococcal blepharitis. Unfortunately, he had been misdiagnosed for several years…" Clinical Pearls by Janice A. Gault, p. 206

    "Due to the fact that lupus can cause a red rash across the nose and face, often in a butterfly pattern it can be confused with or misdiagnosed as rosacea. .." www.rosacea-treatment.net/

    "Dr. Callender also noted that rosacea is often misdiagnosed in patients of color, as clinicians may mistake the signs and symptoms of the condition for lupus – a systemic, autoimmune condition that commonly occurs as a “butterfly rash” involving the face."
    Treating acne and rosacea in people with skin of color - ihealthbulletin.com

    "...it's often overlooked in dark-skinned patients or misdiagnosed as lupus, which is marked by a red, butterfly-shaped rash in the center of the face,..." Shape May 2009

    "...the diagnosis of demodicosis is frequently masked by other skin diseases such as papulopustular or erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, seborrhoeic dermatitis, perioral dermatitis and contact dermatitis." Br J Dermatol. 2010 Feb 25.

    A Case of Precursor B-cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Misdiagnosed as Rosacea.
    Han EC, Kim DY, Chung JY, Chung HJ, Chung KY.
    Korean J Dermatol. 2008 Feb;46(2):264-267

    "It is when the first diagnosis and treatment don't work that dermatologists look deeper and often discover something called demodex." Microscopic menace may be cause of skin trouble, Jennifer Van Vrancken, Reporte, FOX 8 News: WVUE Live Stream

    "Busy doctors who cannot take a detailed history will frequently miss the diagnosis, complicated further by the fact that rosacea is a great mimic of other unrelated disorders that present with a “red face”. I have often seen classical cases of rosacea mistakenly diagnosed as acne vulgaris, lupus erythematosus, seborrheic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and other inflammatory diseases." Albert Kligman, A Personal Critique on the State of Knowledge of Rosacea

    "Ocular rosacea is frequently misdiagnosed, particularly in the pediatric population." Eur J Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan 3:0. doi: 10.5301/ejo.5000103.

    A report, About some red faces, stated: "Diagnosis is based on different data: date and mode of appearance, characteristics of the erythema, functional signs, and associated systemic manifestations. A case of red face can have an infectious origin, caused by vascular, congenital, or acquired lesions, or be caused by photodermatosis, or be the main location of inflammatory dermatosis or collagenosis, but depending on the clinical context, many other diagnoses can be suggested."

    "Butterfly rash is a red flat facial rash involving the malar region bilaterally and the bridge of the nose. The presence of a butterfly rash is generally a sign of lupus erythematosus (LE), but it can also include a plethora of conditions. The case presented here is of a female with butterfly rash along with typical bright red discoloration of gingiva. The clinical, histopathological and biochemical investigations suggested the presence of rosacea."
    Contemp Clin Dent. 2012 Jul;3(3):356-8. doi: 10.4103/0976-237X.103637.
    Butterfly rash with periodontitis: A diagnostic dilemma.
    Aggarwal M, Mittal M, Dwivedi S, Vashisth P, Jaiswal D.

    "A 28-year-old female patient presented with extensive facial and ocular eruptions. She had a history of treatment with oral prednisolone due to the clinical diagnosis of lupus erythematosus (LE)....With the clinical diagnosis of severe oculofacial rosacea, she was successfully treated with oral doxycycline, steroid eye drops, and ocular lubricants. Histopathological features of skin biopsy were consistent with rosacea in the context of infection with Demodexfolliculorum.... Rosacea can be extremely severe and disfiguring, and it can be misdiagnosed as the pathognomonic butterfly rash of LE."
    J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2017 Oct-Dec; 12(4): 429–433.doi:  10.4103/jovr.jovr_46_16
    PMCID: PMC5644412
    Severe Rosacea: A Case Report
    Ebrahim Shirzadeh, MD, Abbas Bagheri, MD, Mojtaba Fattahi Abdizadeh, PhD, and Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi, MD

    Q: I was diagnosed with rosacea, but my skin isn’t responding to the rosacea treatments. In fact, it’s getting worse. Is it possible that I have both rosacea and acne?

    A: In a word, yes. For some patients, it is possible to have both rosacea and acne., Sue Chung , Patient Expert, Rosacea Misdiagnoses, Skin Health, Health Central

    "Many people with skin of color who have rosacea may experience delayed diagnosis leading to inappropriate or inadequate treatment, greater morbidity, and uncontrolled, progressive disease with disfiguring manifestations, including phymatous rosacea."
    J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018 Sep 18;:
    Global Epidemiology and Clinical Spectrum of Rosacea, Highlighting Skin of Color: Review and Clinical Practice Experience.
    Alexis AF, Callender VD, Baldwin HE, Desai SR, Rendon MI, Ta ylor SC

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    Anecdotal Reports of Misdiagnosis

    The following is a partial list of anecdotal reports either of misdiagnosing rosacea for another skin disease or vice versa:

    1. Bob reports his rosacea was misdiagnosed for discoid lupus

    2. Elizabeth's initial diagnosis of rosacea turned out to be KP

    3. Andrea says her initial diagnosis of rosacea may have turned out to be pellegra

    4. Jason was misdiagnosed numerous times and was unfortunately given steroids which he believes aggravated the condition.

    5. Kari was initially diagnosed with rosacea and later found out it was eczema.

    6. maxigee2002 said after six months of being treated for rosacea a doctor discovered she was misdiagnosed and actually had Pityrosporum Folliculitis

    7. gdybe was misdiagnosed with Crohn's disease and after six months of steroids developed rosacea.

    8. Ladonna was misdiagnosed with rosacea and it turned out to be Graves Disease. 

    9. Susan reports that she developed "a rash above my eye (below the eyebrow - a little on the lid itself). First he said it was "orbital dermatitis" and gave me topical cortisone and anti-biotics. Not sure it helped much, it seemed to go away on its own schedule, although the steroid may have lessened the itchiness. I went back and he prescribed Metrogel and more cortisone cream. He told me it was a form of rosacea."

    10. Tom says that 6 years before he was diagnosed with rosacea and treated and now says "This doctor does not think I have rosacea, instead 
    he thinks I have erythema." Tom says he thinks he might have KP. 

    11. DC says his physician misdiagnosed his dermatitis as rosacea. 

    12. NorthNova says he was misdiagnosed by dermatologists before he found out he had rosacea. 

    13. flareface reports that a dermatologist diagnosed her condition as "physiological flushing" and later she says a PA "misdiagnosed pretty much everything, gave me 3 different steroidal creams and sent me on my way." Later another derm diagnosed "contact allergy" on her eyes and prescribed a mild dose of cortisone cream for a couple days and it all cleared up. 

    14. redKen (see post #2) says his dermatologist misdiagnosed his rosacea for dermatitis. 

    15. nk104 says two dermatologists diagnosed rosacea. A third physician said it was not rosacea but neurodermitis. 

    16. Jonesy says his GP said he didn't have rosacea and later went to another physician who diagnosed urticaria. 

    17. RedFacedRedHead says her rosacea turned out to be KP.

    18. cliopatra25 says that for ten years she was misdiagnosed with acne when all the time she had rosacea. 

    19. vicky says "both my sisters was misdiagnosised collectively 10 times... and they have lupus...similar to my brother, he even had 2 positive ANA tests and thedoctor refused to treat him for lupus...... 

    20. Deb says, "I mentioned in another post that for years I was given things that were making the Rosacea worse, like retin-A and cortisone cream. I had mild rosacea then, so was misdiagnosed. For a while they thought it was Lupus since I also maintain a low-positive ANA. Their and my mistakes only made it worse, especially in the past few years." 

    21. Lisa M says, "I suffered from cystitis for years... and had to go on daily antibiotics for it for about 2 years. I also did saw a homeopath at
    the time and changed my lifestyle to no alcohol at all. I didn't know
    it at the time but I had rosacea (sadly totally misdiagnosed by
    several derms). 

    22. Mike says, "I also developed ocular rosacea a couple of years ago, after having facial rosacea for quite a few years. My first opthamologist misdiagnosed it, and treated me for months with steroids (mainly Tobradex) which ended up raising my IOP to a dangerous level. 

    23. Aurelia reports that "A teenage girl was given an "almost certain" diagnosis of ocular rosacea....The symptoms suffered by this girl did NOT match those of ocular rosacea and specialists later came up with a diagnosis of autoimmune Urticarial Vasculitis.

    24. Kerry reports that "I have found out today that I was yet again misdiagnosed and I don't have rosacea I have Lupus." 

    25. Sarah Smart says, "I am 12 weeks pregnant and my rosecea fulmins was horribly misdiagnosed by my derm (as shingles if you can imagine) and I spent 5 days in the hospital before they figured it out."Report.

    26. Kerry says, "I was misdiagnosed for 4 yrs by my gp as I have pretty severepsorisis on 60% of my body and scalp. They gave me a really strong steroid which has made my skin worse on my face.although it kept it under control. I found out 3 weeks ago i have rossacea and they
    stopped my steroids so my face has had a major eruption." 

    27. Ellen says, "my rosacea related blepharitis was misdiagnosed as seb derm." 

    28. sand7676 says, "I was misdiagnosed with acne I believe because of my skin tone. 

    29. Francois says that three derms diagnosed he had 'vascular dilation' and the last one said he had " 'Sebore' in Turkish. I looked at internet and I think it means 'Seborrhe'." 

    30. Kevin Forest says, "I've recently been diagnosed with rosacea after being misdiagnosed for ~2.5 years (errrrrr! derm aggerssion)."

    31. Joe says, "I've been misdiagnosed by numerous dermatologists who
    were in disbelieft that I would have rosacea at such a young age and
    assumed it was merely acne."

    32. Suzi LeBaron says, "I was misdiagnosed because it looked like
    rosacea -- including occular symptoms."

    33. Mike Lester says, "they called it seborrheic dermatitis, maybe rosacea. to be honest no one knew. many blood tests for lupus or something....Ive been going to doctors and doctors for my facial redness that ive had for over a year now. Well, they seem to have diagnosed me with ROSACEA!!!....I was checked for everything, lupus's, mastocytosis, carcinoids, tumors on the kidneys, brain tumors, and much, much more, some things some doctors have never even heard of. but it turns out i was misdiagnosed by the Mayo Clinic from the start, so we didnt need to go through months and months of stress, depression(which by the way i go to a psychologist now and am on PROZAC too).

    34. Stuart Clark says, "I too waited months for an appointment (on two separate occasions) and she completely misdiagnosed me." 

    35. Carol Voigt says, "I, too, was "misdiagnosed" for many years."

    36. Jeff says, "I got misdiagnosed by my previous dermatologist...So he gave me a steroid to apply twice a day, which of course, did not help. And by the time I had diagnosable rosacea..." 

    37. Eddie O'Neill says, "She said that I did NOT have bacterial conjunctivitis and had been misdiagnosed..."

    38. Chantal says, "in my early 20's (around 22-23), and was misdiagnosed for years (about 5) until the correct diagnosis of rosacea was made."

    39. Heather says, "My facial rosacea was misdiagnosed for MANY years (mainly an acne component with some redness)..."

    40. Jay Valof says, "2yrs ago i had septoplasty (deviated septum) nose surgery. soon after developed symptoms, was misdiagnosed as having asthma/allergy. 2 months ago derm. said in had rosacea..."

    41. jesseleigh says, " I just found out about a week ago I have rosacea, have been misdiagnosed with atopic dermatitis for ten years." 

    42. yoli says, "I was misdiagnosed for 2 years they thought I had dermatitis but in reality i don't itch but burn.... it took me 6 dermatologist in order to get diagnosed with Rosacea." 

    43. beecham says, "I was diagnosed in December 2007 with pustular rosacea by my new doctor, I was on oxytetracycline for about a year before with my previous doctor who had misdiagnosed me with perioral 
    dermatitis.... "

    44. LoriB says, "When I saw my general doctor while waiting for an appointment with a derm he misdiagnosed me as having acne vulgaris. He told me I don't have rosacea because my cheeks aren't red." 

    45. jodieginger says, "I was repeatedly misdiagnosed as having dermatitis and none of the derms seemed to care that I simultaneously had blepharitis simultaneously. "

    46. mineren says, "I have adult acne in addition to rosacea and
    was misdiagnosed a couple of times. "

    47. mythjedi says, "She stated that I had "contact dermatitis" and gave me doxycycline....but it wasn't long before transient, big, patchy red blotches began to form on my face and chest....I discovered that I was allergic to these pills, and I stopped taking them.... I have been
    off of the pills for six months...I went to a dermatologist and was diagnosed with rosacea..."

    48. Yvonne says, "My SD was misdiagnosed as rosacea." 

    49. Cassie Henderson says, "I was misdiagnosed by a blind derm and used hydrocotizone for three months. My rosacea went from a splotty red blotch on one cheek to an all over the face red hue very bumpy dry and ruddy looking. I then went to a derm who wasn't legally blind and started using metrogel and minocycline which helped for awhile."

    50. Keith on 07.15.09 at 12:43 pm says, "...I went to a highly accomplished and respected doctor in my area who diagnosed it as Rosacea so I guess thats what it is. Other Derms have said sundamage, Folliculitis, so it is still uncertain to me..." Scroll down to Comment # 91

    51. Lori said her acne was diagnosed as rosacea which later turned out to be also seborrhoeic dermatitis after she had taken Oracea for over a month. She was switched to Doxycycline at a higher dose and Finacea. See Comments #68, #84, #89, #93, #107, #114, #117, #123.

    52. raly says, ..."I've been "diagnosed" at different times as it being rosacea, folliculitis, sebderm or possibly just acne from both GPs and a dermatologist..." Scroll down to Post #9

    53. dan pacifik says, ".... After a second trip to the doctors, my doctor seemed to think it was rosacea so she prescribed me metro cream 0.75%....…I think! I pretty much used this for about 8 months....I went back to my doctor about this and she said it looked more like acne on my forehead....I am however skeptical over my doctors and derms diagnosis..." 

    54. kfoltz9 says, "I am a 25 year old female with what appears to be perioral dermatisis around my mouth. My family history only consists of Psoryasis and I have not had a personal experience with this. I am currently on Effexor XR. I use Aveda sensitive skin facial cleanser which does not contain any Petrolatum. I have not introduced any new cosmetic products into my regimen. The dermatologist I went to yesterday about this month-old rash (I have had one previous occurence, only less intense) did not even inspect the rash, asked me if I blushed easily or often (I do not, and told him that) and diagnosed Rosacea in about 3 seconds. 

    55. siliconmessiah says, "...I first went to the doctor on a "drop-in"-visit. One of them (a really shitty doctor actually) prescribed cortisone cream for my problems - I took it for a couple of weeks with no signs of getting better. I returned to a new doctor, a really good one I might add...she diagnosed me in one minute under the light of a lamp..." Scroll down to post #2

    56. brighteyes says, "It took me approximately 3 years (and 6 derms) to get an official diagnosis...." Scroll down to post #3

    57. Mistica says, "...So in my case, rosacea wasn't recognised immediately and even 10 and a half years on from the orginal diagnosis, the 'diagnosis' is continuing in some ways. It looks like rosacea ( no missing that!!) and it behaves like rosacea, ... but is it just Rosacea?..." Scroll down to post #8

    58. IJDVL reports, "Subsequently, the initial diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis was revised by the ophthalmologists to ocular rosacea." *

    59. A 32-year-old woman had developed moderate swelling, erythema and papules of the central part of her face for 8 weeks. She started to apply various topical cosmetic products sold for acne that did not help. As one of her hobbies was outdoor biking she noticed that sun exposure aggravated her skin condition, also resulting in burning and stinging sensations. She consulted her general practitioner who prescribed prednicarbat cream for topical application on the affected regions. Whereas she observed a slight improvement of the skin condition during the first week, she later on suddenly developed a severe worsening with erythema, papules and many pustules. She presented to a dermatologist and was diagnosed with "steroid rosacea". She went off the steroid, started topical treatment with metronidazole 1% and oral treatment with metronidazole 500 mg twice daily for 2 weeks. After an initial worsening during the first 3 days the skin condition rapidly improved. She continued metronidazole 500 mg once daily for another 2 weeks and then stopped. The topical treatment was continued twice daily for altogether 4 weeks and then reduced to once daily for another 4 weeks. Besides, she applied sun screen whenever she was outside. She continued intermittent topical use of metronidazole 1%. She remained free of symptoms except of an intermittent slight centrofacial erythema. See case report #1 

    60. A 39-year-old woman was referred to a dermatology department because of worsening of her known rosacea. She had been suffering from rosacea for 3 years. After initial, short-term and intermittent oral therapy with tetracycline for periods of up to 3 weeks she had continued topical treatment with tretinoin without any problems for the last months. Suddenly, she developed an erythema of the face accompanied by strong burning that increased in the evening, decreased over night and was moderate at day time. She discontinued topical tretinoin therapy because she felt that the symptoms were caused by it. She presented to a dermatologist with a sharp erythema of the whole face with only solitary papules and pustules. Due to the patient's history and the clinical finding contact allergy was suspected. Patch testing revealed a sensitisation to cocamidopropyl betaine, a surfactant that is frequently added to shampoos and skin cleansing products. This substance could be identified in her skin cleanser. When she discontinued this product, the symptoms disappeared and the patient could continue her topical treatment.
    We recommend to precisely ask patients about all the topical drugs and cosmetics they use including skin cleansing products. Contact allergy can also occur in rosacea patients and may mislead patients and physicians. See Case Report #3

    61. A 56-year-old diabetic man presented erythematous papules and pustules on the neck and face who had developed since 3 months. He had been treated with topical corticosteroids for the same time period that resulted in progressive exacerbation. He additionally showed patches of hair loss in the beard area, erythema and scaling of the ears. Among various differential diagnoses the clinical picture reminded of stage II rosacea. Microscopial examination and culturing revealed Microsporum canis. He was diagnosed tinea incognito, a term that has been used to describe dermatophyte infections modified by corticosteroid treatment.
    This case report demonstrates that there is a number of other skin diseases that can mimic rosacea. (see Case Report #7)
    Gorani A, Schiera A, Oriani A: Case Report. Rosacea-like Tinea incognito. Mycoses 2002; 45: 135-137. 

    62. A Case of Precursor B-cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Misdiagnosed as Rosacea
    Han EC, Kim DY, Chung JY, Chung HJ, Chung KY.
    Korean J Dermatol. 2008 Feb;46(2):264-267

    63. Pete says, "...Had previously been misdiagnosed by my G.P. Had been treated with steroid creams for eczema...."

    64. shakti says, "...I had a horrible rash on my face which the Dr. (dermatologist) even took pictures of, but he said it was rosacea....Then a neurologist said I could have some sort of mild m.S..... I've recently had a "rosacea flare" swelling and redness around my eyes and upper cheeks, the tiredness has returned and so has pain in my bladder and gi tract...."

    65. belinda says, "After being misdiagnosed for 7 years, I had almost given up hope." published April 8, 2008

    66. mmee says, "...just wanted to say after many years of suffering with depression and social anxity because of a red face and not being able to get any information out of 3 dermatologists and about 5 GPs (they just said it was 'normal') . I've found out from a link on this website it must be Keratosis pilaris rubra faceii..." 

    67. Gem says, "A couple of months ago I developed a rash on my forehead and weas gicven a steroid cream for it that seemed to keep it under controlfor a while, then around 3 weeks ago it spread and looked angry, I went to the doctor who said it was acne the cream I was given just aggravated it, so I went back and was given another cream by a different doctor who still thought it was acne... this again aggravated it, so I started looking on the net for other ideas or medications that could help. I tried coconut oil and aloe vera topical and ingested, another trip to the GP I was given Tetracycline oral antibiotic but it was something like a 3 month course, ....I went to my doctor again today as my self treatment wasn't doing any good and I was told it looks like rosacea I've been given metronidazole gel and I've started the Tetracycline oral antibiotics again...." 

    68. ssaeed says, "...He diagnosed me initially with Seb Derm and prescribed Desonide cream for 3 weeks. I noticed my skin got a lot better and softer during this treatment although towards the end of the treatment I started getting small pus filled acne bumps on my nose and cheek, about the size of a pore. When I saw the doc after the 3 week Desonide treatment he told me I may have symptoms of Rosacea and started me off on a treatment of Metrogel once a day and Oracea once a day in the morning." 

    69. Ladonna says, "...my husband took me to the dermatologist and she said it was Rosacea and couldnt be anything but....So he took me to many doctors, and finally a wonderful doctor took a shot in the dark blood test and discovered my problem. Later more involved tests and scans confirmed it. I was Hyperthyroid...specifically Graves Disease..."

    70. DylanG says, "... I finally got an appointment with a dermatologist for my rosacea. After waiting about half a year, I go to the appointment. The dermatologist walks in, doesn't even look at my face and says "There's nothing I can do about redness. Some people just have red skin". Then, to top it off, he gave me cream for acne - something which I could care less about - that has the side effect of making your face red. I was out of his office in practically two minutes with about twenty tiny tubes of acne medication I had no need for. ..." Scroll to Post #22

    71. Donna says, "I got results back from labs and xray..i do NOT have sarcoidosis…but still not sure what i have …i have granulomas popping out on parts of my body and my face is still not clear. I am going to a conference of doctors on the 16th to get their opinions. I was originally diagnosed with Granulomateous rosacea so lets see what opinions i get." Post #146

    72. liangjuany says, "I saw another doctor today and was told what I had was not rosacea but pityriasis rosea instead." 

    73. huiness says, "another derms who told me I had acne, or folliculitis etc. When I finally decided to go back to Derm #2, he then diagnosed me with rosacea.....went to Derm #14809348. He agreed with the rosacea diagnosis but said that this was probably steroid induced...."

    74. mrsmoof says, "1st dermatologist thought I had dermititis.....Well, I went to a 2nd dermatologist and told her my story, symptoms.....within minutes she said it was Rosacea...." Scroll to Post #43 

    75. "My wife was diagosed by a local Dermatologist as having Rocacea. He only did a visual inspection without any actual skin testing. He was sure it was Rocacea and prescribed an expensive cream which she would have to use for who knows how many years. Luckily she had a severe reaction to the cream, and discontinued it. She visitited her home country of Russia and was treated by a specialist. He told her she didn’t have Rocacea but had Demodex. She had one treatment by the doctor and her face is still clear after 6 months. Always get a second opinion." J Noble on 01.12.10 at 7:11 am Post #215 

    76. spuggylegs says, "I think it took about 10 mins for a NHS dermatologist to tell me that I didnt have rosacea. She looked at my skin said there was no visible erythema or papules and pustules to suggest rosacea, and that I needed to stop "reading stuff on the internet". I had to actually ask for a blood test to rule out lupus etc!!!!! I asked my GP if he could send me for a second opinion but he refused. The problem is that there is a lot of inequality in the NHS...and as someone who lives in a deprived area, healthcare is usually not as good as those who live in more affluent areas. (but thats another story). Well I still carried on "reading stuff on the internet" : ) and decided the only way forward was to go private..even though i couldnt really afford it. So travelled from the north east to London, and got so stressed, as we got lost a few times, and London is not the friendliest of places. By the time I had got to see the derm I was having a major flush....so after reading my medical notes, asking about family members who may have rosacea,, symptons, and looking at my skin, he diagnosed rosacea. From what i can remember the consultation lasted about 30 mins." Scroll to Post #50

    77. Rachelle C says, "My doctor diagnosed me with rosacea, delusional paristosis. The medications for these did no good. Then another dermatolgist with an allergist diagnosed me with demodex (skin mite) allergy." Scroll to Post no. 77 on 05.04.10 at 1:00 AM

    78. Girrlock Holmes says, "…I was finally diagnosed hypothyroid, insulin resistant and PCOS, and my doctor also thinks my symptoms fit with fibromyalgia…I saw a dermatologist who said it was not Rosacea but offered no info on what it could be. Then I saw an allergist and he said the derm had no basis for saying it was not Rosacea; it looked like it to him. So you see I have no clear diagnosis. I am waiting for a different derm to see me but it will not be for another 2 months…"

    79. "Terri Flynn, a 63-year-old part-time receptionist from Texas....Two different evaluators told her she had "dry eye" and prescribed artificial tears and various eye medications, while one also suggested she have her bottom eyelids lifted to help retain the moisture in her eyes....She made an appointment with a dermatologist, who "took one look at me and said, 'Yes, it's rosacea." NRS Rosacea Review Spring 2010

    80. GNR reports, "...I was told I had Perioral dermatitis because there was an outbreak near my nose....Began to notice a swelling under my right eye and a red path beneath extending up the temple. It became hot and sensitive and flares when I workout with weights. Told "hmm don't know what that is, it's not rosacea (my fear was that it was) but try rozex cream to see if it goes." It didn't. Didn't change. Had a second opinion. Same as the first. "Don't know, looks like it might be fungul. Leave it until you see a dermatologist." Began to a sore eye, a few pains and watering. Went back to the second opinion to ge this checked was given a scrip for kenocomb ointment for fungus....out of desparation I went to another gp explained the whole story again. He checked the skin, told me it wasn't rosacea that it looked like a fungus infection try Nizoral 2%. Hmmm. Later that day I had an appointment with a new dermatologist who told me that I actually had seborrhec dermatitis...this sounded right as all the systems relate, rash on chest, dry skin in eyebrows, dandruff...funny I'd never connected these things and either had anyone else.
    He then checked the rash thing on the right side of my face and temple and told me it was rosacea. I asked about the pain in the eye, watery, and he said not connected. Gave me a print of what to expect with rosacea and out the door I went..."

    81. comicraven reports, "I had been misdiagnosed for a while - everything from shingles to testing for lupus - and was finally properly diagnosed about 6 months ago..."

    82. koki says, "OK according to dermatologist # 4 , again I dont have rosacea, I explained my symptoms and he said it sounds more like an allergic reaction and when he examined my face he said it was more like eczema/seborrheic dermatitis and gave me some diflucan. ....I am glad most derms say is not rosacea..."

    83. stb09 says, "In May 2004, I developed a pimple on my nose that left a red mark on it for, what must've been a solid YEAR after it cleared up. I was thorougly convinced this was a scar, and went to several dermatologists to find proper treatment. Such begins my ongoing battle (and subsequent HATRED) for all dermatologists.

    The first one I saw told me that it was a mole....
    I sought a second opinion. This one told me it was a scar, and could only be removed by a plasic surgeon. He took my $100, and gave me the number of a plastic surgeon.

    The plastic surgeon (who was once a dermatologist) was convinced it was a pimple still, and simply lanced it and dug around in it, ultimately making it worse....

    The fourth and final dermatologist perscribed me a prescription in January of 2005 for my back acne/oily skin. He agreed with ME that whatever was on my nose was inflammed and most likely a sebacous cyst. He injected it with cortisone, and that made a tremendous difference, and today there's not a mark to be found. This is the same dermatologist that dismissed my concerns of facial redness and never spoke a word about Rosacea in spite of my ruddy complexion that I was, at the time, unaware of....I was at a new branch of my college and went to the local dermatologist to seek treatment. He told me it was probably a scar and gave me the number of a laser surgeon FOUR hours away that "might" be able to help me.

    THIS is the first time a doctor has mentioned the word "Rosacea" to me. He explained that I had a ruddy complexion, and thus, the red spot on my nose was more noticable. He went on to state that people with my complexion "could be candidates for Roscea later in life." and encouraged me to stay out of the sun......I finally decided to see a dermatologist to rule Rosacea in or out so I could get on with my life one way or the other. I went back to the local dermatologist, who had told me that someone with my complexion might be a candidate for Rosacea later in life, and was told absolutely nothing new.

    He once again told me that, maybe I'd have it one day, and maybe not. I asked him if I should try avoiding "triggers" and he said that I shouldn't bother. Because it probably wouldn't help. I asked if there was any treatment, because I've since learned Rosacea is best treated early on. He said that any creams he could give me would most likely not do anything at all for me, and would be a waste of my money. The entire visit was quite ambiguous.

    I asked him what "Pre-rosacea" was, and what the difference was between that, and a normal ruddy complexion. He told me that, in his opinion, there wasn't one. As he considers anyone with a ruddy complexion at risk for developing Rosacea, and THAT he considers to be "pre-Rosacea."

    Before I left, I asked him for a definitive answer one way or the other, and he told me NO, I do not have Rosacea.....To the point of the original thread, I'd like to determine what it is I have. The doctor seems sure it's not Rosacea, but as evidenced by my ongoing battle with Dermatologists prior, I believe if I went to 10 Dermatologists I would receive 10 different opinions. Rosacea, ruddy complexion, acne, allergic rash, facial blushing, too much Niacin, high blood pressure, lupus...

    these people don't know anything, and with no insurance I'm not going to waste $100 a visit to find out precisely nothing.

    84. Ontarian says, "I was diagnosed with seborrheic dermatitis on my face about 5 years ago. The diagnosis was made by a dermatologist. Soon after, the dermatitis completely disappeared for a loooong time. Then, I suddenly got a red patch on my right cheek five years later, more precisely in February of 2006. It has slowly spread to my entire right cheek. It got worse in the summer. This whole time I thought I had seb. dermatitis. My family dr. said my face was dermatitic and prescribed hydrocortisone. It didn’t help. In August of 2006 I went to my dermatologist. This time, he said I had rosacea. I was shocked. I was not flushing like crazy (except maybe when I played soccer in +35 C degrees outside). My symptoms started as a small red patch on my right cheek, this could not be rosacea. I went to see another dermatologist (an old dude who thinks rosacea is a proper diagnosis only when your face is swollen like a balloon and when you are covered with pustules).
    So, now I have two doctors thinking I don’t have rosacea, and one doctor thinking I do." Posted: Tue Oct 17, 2006 1:34 pm (scroll down to find the post)

    85. Jen says, "Since I have stopped the med I was diagnosed with Perioral Dermititis and now as of yesteday the derm tells me I have acne.....The derm said I have almost all the face disorders (rosacea, acne, perioral dermititis, seb derm)....

    86. jhelli1 says, "I've been to four different doctors in the past and have gotten four different diagnosis. The last one was rosacea. Yesterday, I went to a fifth doctor and was told that I have..........eczema!

    87. fedup says, "....I went to this dermatologist maybe 2-3 times a year over about a 4 year period, every appointment he seemed to have absolutely no idea what was going on, or what he had prescribed/said the last time, he took a look at my scalp, says "its folliculitus" (the way he said it, every time, was as if it was a breakthrough and he figured out some giant mystery, even though he said the same thing last time....and sent me home with a prescription for Ceftin 500mg 2x a day for 2 weeks (insanely strong antibiotic, I know now..).....Made an appointment with a new dermatologist (roughly 2 years ago), after explaining the antibiotic fiasco, he told me my old doctor probably shouldnt be practicing medicine. He took about 10 seconds to diagnose me, looked at my scalp, and simply said "you have inflammatory rosacea."

    88. mutantfrog says, "...I always grumble to myself about rosacea...but if it turns out that I never had rosacea but instead have had an autoimmune disorder...well it's scary I'd rather take rosacea. I swear to god I'll never complain about 'rosacea' again..." Post #10 22nd July 2010, 07:40 PM

    89. quixotic_pessimist says, "Anyway, I had been seeing a dermatologist during this time period for acne that I have had for about 3 years, and he never mentioned anything about the red complexion of my nose. One time I voiced my concerns, and he pretty much dismissed them, saying that he didn't think my nose looked red. During my last meeting with him, I was a bit more belligerent (in that I brought up the grievances that I have with my red nose a few times). He then nonchalantly throws out that it is possible that I have Rosacea. How is it that I had been visiting this doctor for 3 years with the same red nose, but it is not until now that he suggests that I might have Rosacea? I don't get it."

    90. CHI_GUY says, "...First doc said, sebborhea/eczema. He gave me many different things, to list a few....Second doc, new one, diagnosed perioral derm. She gave me tetracycline. 500mg x2/day for the first month. She exclaimed that the previous doctor was treating the wrong thing, because I brought all my old meds in to show her...."

    91. Natasha says, "I have just been diagnosed with Rosacea....a week ago the doctor wrongly diagnosed excema..."

    92. hesperidianblue says, " I was going to 7 dermatologist till 2 of them agreed that is rosacea other wasn`t shore what is it often they thought it was atopic dermatitis."

    93. misdiagnosed says, "During this whole ordeal, I have seen a dermatologist (in OH) 2x. THe first time she tried to convince me it was “in my head” and reluctantly prescribed an antibiotic for adult acne. 8 weeks later, she seemed a little more open to the fact that it could be demodex and prescribed metrogel. Last week, I asked for metronidozale in a pill format because the lotion only does so much. She agreed to call it in. It is helping, but I have good and bad days, depending on the “hatching” cycle." #385 misdiagnosed on 10.08.10 at 12:45 AM

    94. Maureen says, "I have had this now for about I would say 2 years when I was told I had rosacea and lupus. Now a new dermatologist tells me no it's dermographism,..."

    95. francois can says, "I just cant believe. Today I went to see a derm. She looked at my face closely with a tool like a magnifier and said I misdiagnosed myself. She said rosacea has 4 components and someone has to have at least 3 of them to be diagnosed rosacea.....She said I have a
    condition associated with neurovascular dilaiton..."

    96. LarsMM says, "...First I went to a regular doctor and even though he ran a few tests he couldn't tell me wheat the problem was. He told me I shouldn't worry since the redness was at that time "barley noticeable". At the end of the third summer (2010) I went to another doctor and got the same response. After this visit I got somewhat frustrated since I was well aware that I had not been this red a few years earlier, as a result I started reading online and came across rosacea. I got an appointment with a dermatologist and she confirmed that I had stage one rosacea...."

    97. 444 says, "...my doctor has failed on many occasions to diagnose me properly probably due to my young age at the time and has disregarded any possiblilty of rosacea since the beggining....'

    98. claire says, "...I am 34 years old and I was wrongly diagnosed 7 years ago. I have gradually seen since then my skin get progressively worse, it is now in its advanced stages. ..." #41 claire on 05.16.09 at 8:16 PM

    99. Rachelle C says, "My doctor diagnosed me with rosacea, delusional paristosis. The medications for these did no good. Then another dermatolgist with an allergist diagnosed me with demodex (skin mite) allergy. Since I have very many allergies, this was a good bet. I treat itchy and red areas with tea tree oil and have managed to reielve my problem almost completely. The dermatologist also thinks a monthly treament with Kwellada-P would help further." #76 Rachelle C. on 05.04.10 at 1:00 AM

    100. findingaway says, "So I am no further forward...I still don't really know what it is I'm dealing with... Rosacea, SD, KP. All?" 

    101. Just an update and to show the importance of knowing what you have, I saw a Rosacea specialist with 20 years of treating and research under his belt, and made the appointment saying "Trying to treat Rosacea" as the reason. The second I came in he was confused and wondered where the Rosacea patient was. He looked at me and told me I absolutely do not have Rosacea, he's seen thousands of cases over decades and it's simply not it. And it's not caused by being choked, ever. It was thinned skin due to Steroid Creams, and thankfully, he caught that because the General Practitioner who 'diagnosed' me with Rosacea prescribed steroid cream. The most alarming was that the general practitioner gave me Metrogel which I understand is meant to help Pimples, and I have absolutely zero of those. AlenaCena post no 68

    102. I've been to dermatologists in three different countries starting when I was 16, and I'm now 41. When I first started going to them, they didn't know a lot about eczema and dermatitis and the treatment course was antibiotics and cortozone creams. (Not much has changed) Even then I knew foods and hormones were triggers or the cause of the skin eruptions. I've had dermatologists tell me it's not rosacea and dermatologists tell me it is. One things for certain out of the more than 30 dermatologists I've seen in my life time, no two have had the same things to say. However last time I was at one, she did look up patronizing and say, yes we now know hormones can affect eczema...as if her telling me that made a whit of difference to what I have already known. In the UK, where they have now said it is rosacea, I have had no other tests. The dermatologists I've seen refuse to accept other countries diagnosis of food allergies. They refuse to take into consideration what I'm saying, about my upper eye lid cracking (it's been cracking there my whole life, so much so I've a deep scar) and the bubbling around my eyes, and over my brows. In the end, I think a they've learnt mo about the what some skin problems are, they seem to have bunched the rest as rosacea. Which appears to me to be a blanket term, covering a huge amount of things. Melania post no 66

    103. I had a misdiagnosed case of demodex for many years. It was misdiagnosed as bacterial acne/hormonal acne and "allergic conjunctivitis". None of the treatment my 4 dermatologists prescribed ever worked. It turned into a really bad case of ocular rosacea. Early this year, I took the 2 week Oral Ivermectin + Oral Metronidazole treatment. It worked. ElaineA post no 2 

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    • J Dermatol. 2024 Aug 10. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.17411. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disorder primarily affecting the facial skin, prominently involving the cheeks, nose, chin, forehead, and periorbital area. Cutaneous manifestations encompass persistent facial erythema, phymas, papules, pustules, telangiectasia, and flushing. The pathogenesis of rosacea is associated with various exacerbating or triggering factors, including microbial infestation, temperature fluctuations, sunlight exposure, physical exertion, emotional stress, consumption of hot beverages and spicy foods, and exposure to airborne pollen. These environmental factors interact with genetic predispositions in the development of rosacea. The roles of the lipophilic microbiome, ultraviolet radiation, nociceptive responses, and vascular alterations have been proposed as significant factors in the pathogenesis. These insights contribute to understanding the anatomical specificity of facial involvement and the progressive nature of rosacea. East Asian skin, predominantly classified as Fitzpatrick skin phototypes III to IV, is characterized by relatively diminished skin barrier function and increased sensitivity to irritants. Airborne pollen exposure may particularly act as a trigger in East Asian individuals, possibly mediated through toll-like receptors. The lack of specificity in objective clinical and histopathological findings leads to diagnostic challenges for individuals with colored skin, including East Asians, particularly when erythema is the sole objective manifestation. An alternative diagnostic scheme may thus be necessary. A diagnostic approach emphasizing vascular manifestations and nociceptive symptoms potentially holds promise for individuals with darker skin tones. More research focusing on potential variations in skin physiology across different racial groups is essential to establish more effective diagnostic schemes applicable to both dark and light skin colors. PMID:39126257 | DOI:10.1111/1346-8138.17411 {url} = URL to article
    • Indian J Dermatol. 2024 May-Jun;69(3):232-237. doi: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_470_23. Epub 2024 Jun 26. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Previous studies have determined that IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 may play a role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to evaluate the relationship of these cytokines with rosacea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 individuals, including 50 patients with rosacea and 50 healthy controls, were included in the study. IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 levels were measured using the ELISA method by taking serum samples from all participants. RESULTS: The mean serum levels of IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in the patient group were 52.17 ± 24.07 pg/ml, 18.46 ± 8.18 pg/ml, and 25.74 ± 8.36 ng/l, respectively. The mean serum levels of IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in the control group were 32.99 ± 19.90 pg/ml, 44.61 ± 22.27 pg/ml, and 45.61 ± 17.32 ng/l, respectively. The difference between the serum levels of IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38 in the patient and control groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, an increase in IL-36 and a decrease in IL-37 and IL-38 may contribute to the pathogenesis of rosacea. Future rosacea treatments could target and/or interact with these possible steps in the pathogenesis of rosacea. PMID:39119329 | PMC:PMC11305503 | DOI:10.4103/ijd.ijd_470_23 {url} = URL to article
    • Skin Res Technol. 2024 Aug;30(8):e13875. doi: 10.1111/srt.13875. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Recent studies increasingly suggest that microbial infections and the immune responses they elicit play significant roles in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory skin diseases. This study uses Mendelian randomization (MR) and Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization (BWMR) to explore the causal relationships between immune antibody responses and four common skin diseases: psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD), rosacea, and vitiligo. METHODS: We utilized summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for antibody responses to 13 infectious pathogens and four skin diseases. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables (IVs) to assess causal relationships using multiple MR methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, and weighted median. BWMR was also employed to confirm findings and address potential pleiotropy. RESULTS: The IVW analysis identified significant associations between specific antibody responses and the skin diseases studied. Key findings include protective associations of anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) IgG seropositivity and Helicobacter pylori UREA antibody levels with psoriasis and AD. anti-chlamydia trachomatis IgG seropositivity, anti-polyomavirus 2 IgG seropositivity, and varicella zoster virus glycoprotein E and I antibody levels were negatively associated with rosacea, while EBV Elevated levels of the early antigen (EA-D) antibody levels and HHV-6 IE1B antibody levels were positively associated with rosacea. H. pylori Catalase antibody levels were protectively associated with vitiligo, whereas anti-herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) IgG seropositivity was positively associated with vitiligo. The BWMR analysis confirmed these associations. CONCLUSION: This study underscores the significant role of H. pylori and other pathogens in these skin diseases, suggesting both protective and exacerbating effects depending on the specific condition. Understanding these pathogen-immune interactions can lead to the development of more effective, personalized treatments and preventative strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life. PMID:39120064 | PMC:PMC11311118 | DOI:10.1111/srt.13875 {url} = URL to article
    • J Invest Dermatol. 2024 Aug 7:S0022-202X(24)01982-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.07.018. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Numerous recent evidence highlights epidemiological connections between rosacea and metabolic disorders. However, the precise path through which metabolic factors impact rosacea risk is still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role of adiponectin, a crucial adipokine that regulates metabolic homeostasis, in the pathogenesis of rosacea. We elucidated a detrimental feedback loop between rosacea-like skin inflammation and decreased levels of skin adiponectin. To elaborate, rosacea lesional skin exhibits diminished adiponectin expression compared to non-lesional areas in the same patients. Induction of rosacea-like inflammation reduced adiponectin levels in the skin by generating inflammatory cytokines that suppress adiponectin production from subcutaneous adipocytes. Conversely, complete depletion of adiponectin exacerbated rosacea-like features in the mouse model. Mechanistically, adiponectin deficiency led to heightened S6 phosphorylation, a marker of the mTORC1 signaling pathway, in the epidermis. Adiponectin significantly inhibited S6 phosphorylation in cultured keratinocytes. Notably, replenishing adiponectin whole protein or topically applying an agonist for adiponectin receptor 1 successfully improved rosacea-like features in mice. This study contributes to understanding the role of adiponectin in skin inflammation associated with rosacea pathophysiology, suggesting that restoring adiponectin function in the skin could be a potential therapeutic strategy. PMID:39122145 | DOI:10.1016/j.jid.2024.07.018 {url} = URL to article
    • Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2024 Aug 8:1-5. doi: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2383242. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES: Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder. Endocrinedisrupting chemicals (EDC) are toxic substances, that may gain entry through the skin and subsequently interfere with hormonal and immune functions. Bisphenol A (BPA) and pentachlorophenol sodium (PCS) are two of these EDCs, incriminated in the pathogenesis of certain inflammatory skin disorders. We aimed to test the hypothesis that exposure to BPA and PCS might be involved in the pathogenesis of rosacea. METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study involved 34 patients with rosacea (18F/16 M; mean age 48.5 ± 11 years) and 34 age and sex-matched healthy controls (20 F/14 M; mean age 48.2 ± 10.2 years). Main anthropometric measures, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, HOMA-IR, lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP), BPA, and PCS levels were quantified and recorded. RESULTS: Serum CRP (9.6 ± 3.4 vs. 3.7 ± 1.6 mg/L, respectively, p0.05 for all). Serum BPA levels were 55.8 ± 14.4 and 51.9 ± 19.2 ng/mL, and PCS levels were 63.3 ± 45.9 ng/mL and 68.6 ± 40.8 ng/mL for patients and healthy controls, respectively. There was no significant difference in BPA and PCS levels between the two groups (p > 0.05 for both). No significant association was found among HOMAIR, CRP, BPA, and PCS levels (p > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Although the present study fails to provide presumptive evidence for the role of BPA and PCS in rosacea, the question as to other EDCs might be involved in its etiopathogenesis remains. This hypothesis requires confirmation in large-scale future prospective trials. PMID:39113570 | DOI:10.1080/15569527.2024.2383242 {url} = URL to article
    • Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2024 Aug 5:S0001-7310(24)00647-1. doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2024.02.035. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Rosacea is a chronic disease negatively impacting the patients' quality of life and mental health. The Rosacea Quality of Life (RosaQoL) scale could be a useful tool to monitor patients while on therapy vs rosacea, as it measures the impact on quality of life and helps individualize treatment to meet the patients' needs. RosaQoL is a validated scale that can be completed within a few minutes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The original scale was translated and back translated by 2 native translators, with input from an expert committee when necessary. This version was tested on 21 patients to ensure proper understanding. Psychometric characteristics and validity were determined using various measures (sensitivity and specificity via ROC curve and internal consistency via Cronbach's alpha). The correlation between RosaQoL and SF-12 scales was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS: A total of 531 participants responded to the scale (481 with rosacea and 50 controls). The scale demonstrated excellent sensitivity and specificity (ROC curve, 0.96; 95%CI, 0.92-0.99) and high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, 0.96). RosaQoL correlated with SF-12. A higher score on the RosaQoL scale was associated with worse quality of life in all dimensions of the SF-12 scale. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the RosaQoL scale exhibits psychometric characteristics, which are similar to the original scale. Also, the RosaQoL scale is useful to assess the quality of life of patients with rosacea. PMID:39111573 | DOI:10.1016/j.ad.2024.02.035 {url} = URL to article
    • J Inflamm Res. 2024 Aug 1;17:5177-5195. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S467760. eCollection 2024. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and rosacea represent common chronic systemic autoimmune conditions. Recent research indicates a heightened RA risk among individuals with rosacea. However, the molecular mechanisms linking these diseases remain largely unknown. This study aims to uncover shared molecular regulatory networks and immune cell infiltration patterns in both rosacea and RA. METHODS: The gene expression profiles of RA (GSE12021, GSE55457), and the rosacea gene expression profile (GSE6591), were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, and obtained to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by using "limma" package in R software. Various analyses including GO, KEGG, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and weighted gene co-expression network analyses (WGCNA) were conducted to explore potential biological functions and signaling pathways. CIBERSORT was used to assess the abundance of immune cells. Pearson coefficients were used to calculate the correlations between overlapped genes and the leukocyte gene signature matrix. Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis confirmed the most abundant immune cells detected in rheumatoid arthritis and rosacea. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and qRT-PCR were used to confirm biomarkers and functions. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy-seven co-expressed DEGs were identified from these datasets. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs were associated with immune processes and chemokine-mediated signaling pathways. Fourteen and 17 hub genes overlapped between cytoHubba and WGCNA were identified in RA and rosacea, respectively. Macrophages and dendritic cells were RA and rosacea's most abundant immune cells, respectively. The ROC curves demonstrated potential diagnostic values of CXCL10 and CCL27, showing higher levels in the serum of patients with RA or rosacea, and suggesting possible regulation in the densities and functions of macrophages and dendritic cells from RA and rosacea, which were validated by FCM and qRT-PCR. CONCLUSION: Importantly, our findings may contribute to the scientific basis for biomarkers and therapeutic targets for patients with RA and rosacea in the future. PMID:39104909 | PMC:PMC11299729 | DOI:10.2147/JIR.S467760 {url} = URL to article
    • Cureus. 2024 Jul 5;16(7):e63921. doi: 10.7759/cureus.63921. eCollection 2024 Jul. ABSTRACT Rhinophyma, characterized by hypertrophy of sebaceous glands, often necessitates surgical intervention. This is the second case report of the off-label use of the Versajet II Hydrosurgery System (VJHS) (Smith & Nephew, London, UK) in the United States for the treatment of rhinophyma and the first systematic review of the literature, emphasizing its efficacy and safety for this indication. A surgical debulking and resurfacing was performed on a patient with rhinophyma. The patient underwent general anesthesia along with bilateral infraorbital blocks and local infiltration of lidocaine 1% with epinephrine. The VJHS was utilized for progressive debulking followed by debridement using sharp instruments until the desired nasal form and contour were achieved. Hemostasis was obtained through monopolar electrocautery and topical hemostatic agents. The patient exhibited excellent nasal shape and healing following VJHS debulking and without perioperative complications, suggesting both the effectiveness and safety of the VJHS in rhinophyma treatment. A literature review was conducted using the PubMed Central database. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, employing inclusion and exclusion criteria, were utilized to narrow down results to include original studies discussing rhinophyma surgical debridement with the VJHS. Six articles were included in the review for results analysis. This case report aligns with findings from international literature, emphasizing the versatility of the VJHS in rhinophyma treatment. Notably, this report marks the second documented off-label use of the VJHS in the United States for rhinophyma. The success of this case reinforces the potential of the VJHS in treating rhinophyma. This innovative approach yielded promising outcomes in several international reports. Further research is warranted to establish a standardized protocol to validate the long-term benefits of this technology applied to rhinophyma patients. PMID:39104983 | PMC:PMC11298325 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.63921 {url} = URL to article
    • Ann Plast Surg. 2024 Aug 1;93(2S Suppl 1):S55-S58. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000003999. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of 2 neighboring cities of differing altitude in Northwest China is unknown. The present study investigated the prevalence of rosacea in a high-altitude city and a low-altitude city. METHODS: The prevalence study was conducted via clinical examination of male and female participants in the following age groups: 5-17, 18-30, 31-50, and 51-70 years. Rosacea subtype was also determined as erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETTR) or papulopustular rosacea (PPR). RESULTS: The rosacea prevalence (RP) in the low-altitude city was 33.8% ± 1.2% (95% CI, ETTR = 1794, PPR = 174, n = 5794). RP in the high-altitude city has a notably higher reading of 47.7% ± 1.4% (95% CI, ETTR = 2090, PPR = 219, n = 4796). In both cities, the ETTR subtype predominated, and there was marked increase in RP among females. RP in low-altitude city females was steady across all age groups, while RP in low-altitude city males showed a declining trend with age. RP in high-altitude city females indicated a slightly increasing trend with age, while RP in males again showed a declining trend with age. Based on the results of this high-altitude city and low-altitude city study, there are an estimated 2.1 million people with rosacea, from 2 cities with a total population of 5.4 million. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the high altitude and accompanying increased UV radiation, cold climate, and reduced oxygen density, the greater northwest region of China is expected to experience high RP rates. PMID:39101850 | DOI:10.1097/SAP.0000000000003999 {url} = URL to article
    • Int J Dermatol. 2024 Aug 4. doi: 10.1111/ijd.17420. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease, and doxycycline is a widely recommended treatment for it due to its anti-inflammatory action. Oral isotretinoin reduces sebaceous gland activity and modulates toll-like receptors, reducing inflammation. Our aim was to investigate the effect of these two drugs on the expression of cutaneous immunohistochemical biomarkers related to etiopathogenic factors involved in rosacea. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, comparative, and evaluator-blinded trial, including 40 participants with moderate and severe papulopustular and ocular rosacea. Participants were treated with doxycycline (DOXY) 100 mg or isotretinoin (ISO) 0.3 mg/kg daily. Immunohistochemistry at baseline and after 4 months was used to demonstrate the expression of the biomarker on the affected skin. RESULTS: The following changes were detected: a reduction in the vessel count after using VEGF with DOXY (P = 0.010); a decrease in VEGF intensity with ISO (P < 0.001) and DOXY (P = 0.020); a reduction of nitric oxide synthase enzyme with both drugs in the inflammatory infiltrate (ISO P < 0.001; DOXY P = 0.003); however, only with ISO was there a significant (P = 0.030) decrease at the level of the sebaceous glands, indicating a reduction of nitric oxide synthesis; a reduction of TRPV-1 expression at the level of the sebaceous glands was observed only with DOXY (P = 0.041); a decrease of cathelicidin LL37 expression, a key antimicrobial peptide in the etiopathogenesis of rosacea, was noted with both drugs, although at the level of sebaceous glands, only with DOXY (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Oral isotretinoin and doxycycline have modified the expression of cutaneous biomarkers related to rosacea etiopathogenesis, demonstrating their role in controlling inflammatory and vascular processes. PMID:39097930 | DOI:10.1111/ijd.17420 {url} = URL to article
    • J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024 Aug 2. doi: 10.1111/jocd.16499. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The severity and treatment response of acne, melasma, and rosacea may be influenced by various currently unclear internal and external factors. This study aimed to provide evidence to the influencing factors for the mentioned conditions through a real-world case-control study. METHODS: An online survey consisting of 60 questions was implemented, collecting information on demographics, socioeconomics, genetic factors, lifestyle habits, environmental exposures, and skin care behaviors. Then we constructed univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Furthermore, we analyzed the dose-response relationship between exposure and outcome. RESULTS: A total of 399 individuals, including 94 acne patients, 107 melasma patients, and 91 rosacea patients were included. Acne and melasma were positively correlated with screen time (acne: odds ratio [OR]: 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-4.02; melasma: OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.09-2.31), while exercise exerted a protective effect on both acne (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.13-0.77) and melasma (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.22-0.80) in a dose-response relationship. In addition, males were associated with an elevated risk of acne (OR: 6.62, 95% CI: 1.01-43.26). Aging (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07-1.24) and irregular bowel movements (OR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.11-8.08) were independent risk factors for melasma. Rosacea was positively associated with BMI (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01-1.35). CONCLUSION: In our study, we highlighted exercise as an independent protective factor for both acne and melasma in a dose-response trend. Inversely, extended use of electronic equipment was independently associated with higher risks of acne and melasma. Rosacea, however, was more likely to be related with BMI. PMID:39092840 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.16499 {url} = URL to article
    • J Drugs Dermatol. 2024 Aug 1;23(8):691-693. doi: 10.36849/JDD.8233. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: In an effort to define the characteristics of populations affected by melasma, we utilized a large global health research network database from 108 health care organizations (TriNetx) to quantify the associations between race, ethnicity, and comorbidities. METHODS: We identified the cohort of all patients with melasma from the TriNetx database, and subsequently generated a control cohort. ICD-10 codes were used to identify the prevalence of various comorbidities associated with melasma. RESULTS: A total of 41,283 patients with melasma (93% female, mean [SD] age 48.8 [12.6] year) were identified. The most frequently associated risk factors included hypertension (25% of the melasma cohort) and hormonal contraception (24%). Rosacea (OR=5.1), atopic dermatitis (OR=3.3), lupus (OR=2.5), history of skin cancer (OR=2.5), history of internal malignancy (OR=2.1), and hormonal contraception use (OR=2.1) possessed the highest odds ratios for development of melasma (all P&lt; 0.01). A statistically significant association was identified for melasma in Asian or Other/Unknown races (OR=2.0 and OR=1.7, P&lt; 0.01), as well as Hispanic ethnicity (OR=1.3, P&lt; 0.01). White, Black/African American, and Not Hispanic groups all revealed slightly lower odds (all 0.8, P&lt; 0.01). CONCLUSION: This latest global update on the etiopathology of melasma further supports findings from prior epidemiologic study reporting preference in melanized phenotypes (Fitzpatrick skin type III-V), but less so in extreme skin types (I, II, VI). Increased associations with rosacea, atopic dermatitis, and history of cancer may emphasize the importance of treating concurrent inflammatory environments and the consideration of more frequent malignancy surveillance. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(8):691-693.&nbsp; doi:10.36849/JDD.8233. PMID:39093647 | DOI:10.36849/JDD.8233 {url} = URL to article
    • Med Clin North Am. 2024 Sep;108(5):795-827. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2024.02.002. Epub 2024 Jun 12. ABSTRACT Dermatologic concerns are discussed in about a third of all primary care visits. This review discusses treatments for common dermatologic diagnoses addressed in primary care settings, with an emphasis on new and emerging treatments. Topical, oral, and injectable treatment of common forms of alopecia, facial rashes, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and stasis dermatitis will be discussed to help increase comfort in prescribing and alert providers to common side effects or complications of more intensive treatments used by dermatologists. PMID:39084835 | DOI:10.1016/j.mcna.2024.02.002 {url} = URL to article
    • J Cutan Med Surg. 2024 Jul 29:12034754241265719. doi: 10.1177/12034754241265719. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:39075665 | DOI:10.1177/12034754241265719 {url} = URL to article
    • Ital J Dermatol Venerol. 2024 Aug;159(4):425-429. doi: 10.23736/S2784-8671.24.07877-0. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The increased proliferation of Demodex mites in the pilosebaceous unit can be the cause of rosacea flare-ups on the face. Signs and symptoms of the scalp (e.g., itching, dandruff) have sometimes been reported in patients with papulopustular rosacea of face; they may be due to a proliferation of Demodex mites on the scalp. METHODS: To study the Demodex mites count, a standardized skin surface biopsy was performed on the cheek and on the scalp. Microscopic examination and molecular identification of Demodex were performed. Pearson's χ2 Test or Fisher's Exact Test were used to test for any association between categorical variables and outcome. RESULTS: Patients affected by papulopustular rosacea had a greater frequency of Demodex-positive standardized skin surface biopsy than controls at the scalp (35.0% vs. 0%, P=0.033), at the face and/or at the scalp (50% vs. 10%, P=0.032). Demodex positive patients with a Demodex-positive face sample were more frequently found to have a Demodex-positive scalp sample (P=0.035). The predominant species was found to be Demodex folliculorum (92.6% of samples); the species Demodex brevis was identified only in 7.4% of samples. CONCLUSIONS: Demodex folliculorum is more frequently found on the scalp and face of patients with rosacea than controls, even though it is not statistically associated with scalp symptoms. The scalp may be a reservoir area for Demodex mites which could migrate on the face again after an acaricidal treatment. PMID:39069840 | DOI:10.23736/S2784-8671.24.07877-0 {url} = URL to article
    • Ital J Dermatol Venerol. 2024 Aug;159(4):444-452. doi: 10.23736/S2784-8671.24.07800-9. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris poses significant physical and psychological challenges worldwide. Data of adapalene 0.3%/benzoyl peroxide 2.5% gel (A0.3/BPO2.5) for acne treatment in Asian patients is limited. METHODS: In this randomized double-blind clinical trial, 49 Korean patients with moderate-to-severe acne and scars were assigned to the A0.3/BPO2.5 (N.=37) or vehicle (N.=12) group. Acne and acne scar severity scores were assessed at baseline and 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks. The primary outcomes were treatment success rate (reduction of ≥2 Investigator's Global Assessment grade and reaching a grade of 0 or 1) and proportional acne lesion and scar count reduction against the baseline. To assess histological changes, 2-mm punch biopsies were performed at baseline and week 24 on the respective inflammatory lesions or scars. RESULTS: At week 24, the A0.3/BPO2.5 group had a significantly higher treatment success rate than the vehicle group. The total acne count, inflammatory lesion count, and non-inflammatory lesion count percentages (against baselines) with A0.3/BPO2.5 and the vehicle were 12.1% vs. 96.7%, 8.0% vs. 101.2%, and 13.3% vs. 98.9%, respectively (all P<0.001). Scar count percentages (against baselines) with A0.3/BPO2.5 and the vehicle were 27.3% and 96.5%, respectively (P<0.001). Significant elevations in collagen 1 and 3, elastin, CK15, and p63 levels, with increases of 172.7%, 230.6%, 176.5%, 286.2%, and 105.9%, respectively, in comparison to baseline (all P<0.05). No major adverse events leading to discontinuation were observed. CONCLUSIONS: A0.3/BPO2.5 was an effective and safe treatment for acne and acne scars in Asian patients supported by robust histopathological and immunohistochemical evidence. PMID:39069843 | DOI:10.23736/S2784-8671.24.07800-9 {url} = URL to article
    • Cureus. 2024 Jun 26;16(6):e63245. doi: 10.7759/cureus.63245. eCollection 2024 Jun. ABSTRACT Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF), often known as "acne agminata," is an uncommon illness that causes facial papules. Clinically, it has monomorphic reddish-brown, dome-shaped central papules with periorbital location. Histopathologically, a cutaneous granulomatous response is common around hair follicles and is accompanied by central necrosis. In the dermatology outpatient clinic, a 51-year-old woman had many tiny papules on her right side malar area for one to two months. Few of them started to regress and demonstrated healing with superficial scarring. The pathology showed a granulomatous response on microscopy, and histology and clinical correlation confirmed the case as Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei. LMDF must be distinguished from tuberculous granuloma, granulomatous rosacea, and perioral dermatitis. The patient was prescribed systemic dapsone and topical tacrolimus therapy, and the lesion improved at the follow-up visit. PMID:39070463 | PMC:PMC11281938 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.63245 {url} = URL to article
    • J Clin Med. 2024 Jul 11;13(14):4052. doi: 10.3390/jcm13144052. ABSTRACT Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to compare thiol/disulfide homeostasis and clinical parameters of rosacea patients across skin subtypes of the disease and healthy controls. Methods: This prospective study included 90 rosacea patients with different skin subtypes (phymatous, erythematotelangiectatic and papulopustular) and ocular involvement and 30 healthy controls. Plasma native thiol (NT), total thiol (TT) and disulfide levels of the patients and controls were measured using an automated spectrophotometric method, and disulfide/native thiol ratio (DNTR), disulfide/total thiol ratio (DTTR) and native thiol/total thiol ratio (NTTR) were calculated. Tear breakup time (TBUT), meiboscore, Schirmer, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and rosacea-specific quality of life scale (RosaQoL) were measured clinically. Results: Disulfide, DNTR and DTTR were significantly higher, and NT, TT and NTTR were significantly lower in the rosacea patients compared to the controls (p < 0.001). TBUT and Schirmer were significantly lower, and meiboscore and OSDI were significantly higher in the patients compared to the controls (p < 0.01). According to the skin subtypes, disulfide, DNTR and DTTR were significantly higher, and NTTR was significantly lower in the erythematotelangiectatic subtype compared to the other subtypes (p < 0.002). TBUT was significantly lower, and RosaQol was significantly higher in the erythematotelangiectatic subtype (p < 0.0083). Strong correlations were found between DNTR and TBUT and between DNTR and Meiboscore in all subtypes (p < 0.005), while there were strong correlations between DNTR and OSDI and between DNTR and RosaQol only in the erythematotelangiectatic and papulopustular subtypes (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The thiol/disulfide homeostasis shifted towards disulfides, an indicator of oxidative stress in rosacea, and this was more pronounced in the erythematotelangiectatic subtype. The impairment in TBUT and RosaQol was also more prominent in the erythematotelangiectatic subtype and strongly associated with the DNTR. PMID:39064093 | PMC:PMC11277807 | DOI:10.3390/jcm13144052 {url} = URL to article
    • Clin Exp Dermatol. 2024 Jul 27:llae291. doi: 10.1093/ced/llae291. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Air pollution is associated with several inflammatory skin disorders. However, the association between air quality and rosacea remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between air quality index and incidence of rosacea. METHODS: Overall, 21,709,479 participants without rosacea before 2008 were recruited from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The long-term average air quality index (AQI) value for each participant was acquired from the Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring System Network and calculated from 2008/1/1 until the diagnosis of rosacea, withdrawal from the National Health Insurance, or December 31, 2018. RESULTS: We observed a significant association between AQI and the incidence of rosacea, with each unit elevation in AQI increasing the risk of rosacea by 5 %. Compared with the Q1 group, the Q2, Q3, and Q4 cohorts exhibited 1.82-fold, 4.48-fold and 7.22-fold increased risk of rosacea, respectively. Additionally, exposure to PM2.5, SO2 and CO increased the risk of rosacea, whereas exposure to PM10 was associated with a lower risk. CONCLUSION: This study supported a significant dose-response relationship between AQI and the incidence of rosacea. PMID:39067059 | DOI:10.1093/ced/llae291 {url} = URL to article
    • Indian Dermatol Online J. 2024 May 20;15(4):695-697. doi: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_571_23. eCollection 2024 Jul-Aug. NO ABSTRACT PMID:39050077 | PMC:PMC11265765 | DOI:10.4103/idoj.idoj_571_23 {url} = URL to article
    • Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2024 Jul 23:104288. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104288. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: To compare the choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) values in ocular rosacea (OR) patients across skin subtypes of the disease and healthy controls. METHODS: This prospective study included 90 eyes of 90 mild-moderate OR patients with different skin subtypes (30 phymatous, 30 papulopustular and 30 erythematotelangiectatic) and 30 eyes of 30 age-gender matched healthy volunteers. After obtaining the enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography images, the CT was measured at subfoveal, 1500μm nasal and 1500μm temporal to the fovea, and the CVI was calculated using Image J software in the subfoveal, nasal and temporal areas. RESULTS: There was no CT significant difference between OR patients and healthy controls in all regions (p>0.05). CVI values of OR patients were found to be significantly lower in the subfoveal, nasal and temporal regions compared to healthy controls (p=0.02, p=0.01, p=0.01, respectively). No CT difference was detected between the subtypes and healthy controls in all regions (p>0.05). Subfoveal-CVI was significantly lower in the phymatous subtype than the other subtypes and controls (p<0.05), while nasal and temporal-CVI were significantly lower in the phymatous and papulopustular subtypes than the erythematotelangiectatic subtype and controls. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated no difference between rosacea skin types and healthy controls in terms of CT. Phymatous and papulopustular subtypes were more likely to be affected by chronic inflammation with having lower CVI in most of the regions. Further studies are needed to investigate the association of inflammatory factors with CVI in OR. PMID:39053790 | DOI:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104288 {url} = URL to article
    • J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2024 Jul 23. doi: 10.1111/jdv.20249. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis and rosacea are highly prevalent inflammatory skin conditions which impose a significant burden on patients' quality of life. Their pathophysiology is likely multifactorial, involving genetic, immune and environmental factors. Recent advancements in the field have demonstrated the key role of mast cells (MC) in the pathophysiology of these conditions. The Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) has emerged as a promising non-IgE-mediated MC activation receptor. MRGPRX2 is predominately expressed on MC and activated by endogenous and exogenous ligands, leading to MC degranulation and release of various pro-inflammatory mediators. Mounting evidence on the presence of endogenous MRGPRX2 agonists (substance P, cortistatin-14, LL37, PAMP-12 and VIP) and its high expression among patients with CSU, AD, rosacea, psoriasis and chronic pruritus emphasizes the pathogenic role of MRGPRX2 in these conditions. Despite the currently available treatments, there remains a pressing need for novel drug targets and treatment options for these chronic inflammatory skin conditions. Here, we reviewed the pathogenic role of MRGPRX2 and its potential as a novel therapeutic target and provided an update on future research directions. PMID:39044547 | DOI:10.1111/jdv.20249 {url} = URL to article
    • Front Immunol. 2024 Jul 9;15:1416004. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1416004. eCollection 2024. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Conventional rosacea treatments are not uniformly pervasive, and the adverse reactions can potentially constrain their utility. The clinical use of JAK1 inhibitors upadacitinib and abrocitinib in the treatment of refractory rosacea has rarely been explored. CASE REPORT: We presented two cases of patients who received the JAK1 inhibitor upadacitinib and four cases of patients who received the JAK1 inhibitor abrocitinib for the treatment of refractory rosacea. DISCUSSION: The JAK1 inhibitors upadacitinib and abrocitinib may be promising medical options for patients with refractory rosacea. However, the long-term safety and efficacy of upadacitinib and abrocitinib require prospective controlled studies to assess them more comprehensively. PMID:39044833 | PMC:PMC11263021 | DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1416004 {url} = URL to article
    • Eur Heart J Case Rep. 2024 Jul 10;8(7):ytae329. doi: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytae329. eCollection 2024 Jul. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Bradycardia can have a number of different aetiologies, including as a side effect of medications. Brimonidine is a rare, but recognized, cause of bradycardia. Brimonidine is indicated in the treatment of facial erythema in rosacea when given as topical brimonidine gel (Mirvaso). It may also be administered as eye drops for raised intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Brimonidine is an alpha-2 agonist, which if systemically absorbed can present with bradycardia, hypotension, and dizziness. The authors are unaware of any other case reports regarding topical administration of Mirvaso in an adult and symptomatic bradycardia. CASE SUMMARY: We present the case of a 78-year-old man with a background of rosacea, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and hypertension who had two separate admissions with symptomatic bradycardia. Electrocardiograms showed sinus bradycardia with AV block first degree, with rate recorded as low as 31 b.p.m. during a syncopal episode. These episodes of symptomatic bradycardia were intermittent and had a temporal association with topical administration of Mirvaso. He had no further episodes of bradycardia on discontinuation of Mirvaso and has remained symptom free for over 6 months. DISCUSSION: The topical administration of Mirvaso should be avoided to broken or inflamed skin. This is owing to the increased risk of systemic absorption, which as in this case report, may present with bradycardia. This case reiterates the importance of completing a full medication history including all topical and parenteral medications in patients with arrhythmia. PMID:39045525 | PMC:PMC11263871 | DOI:10.1093/ehjcr/ytae329 {url} = URL to article
    • Exp Dermatol. 2024 Jul;33(7):e15145. doi: 10.1111/exd.15145. ABSTRACT Acne vulgaris, rosacea, and hidradenitis suppurativa are enduring inflammatory skin conditions that frequently manifest with akin clinical attributes, posing a considerable challenge for their distinctive diagnosis. While these conditions do exhibit certain resemblances, they also demonstrate distinct underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment modalities. Delving into both the molecular parallels and disparities among these three disorders can yield invaluable insights for refined diagnostics, effective management, and targeted therapeutic interventions. In this report, we present a comparative analysis of transcriptomic data across these three diseases, elucidating differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways specific to each ailment, as well as those shared among them. Specifically, we identified multiple zinc-binding proteins (SERPINA1, S100A7, S100A8, S100A9 and KRT16) as consistently highly upregulated genes across all three diseases. Our hypothesis suggests that these proteins could bind and sequester zinc, potentially leading to localized zinc deficiency and heightened inflammation. We identified high-dose dietary zinc as a promising therapeutic approach and confirmed its effectiveness through validation in an acne mouse model. PMID:39046322 | DOI:10.1111/exd.15145 {url} = URL to article
    • Arch Dermatol Res. 2024 Jul 23;316(7):485. doi: 10.1007/s00403-024-03228-1. ABSTRACT Demodex mite proliferation is frequently involved in the pathogenesis of rosacea. The gold standard for Demodex identification is microscopic examination on a standardized skin surface biopsy. However, this method of sampling can be distressing and painful, especially when performed on hairy sites. In this case-control study, we compared the sensitivity of PCR and microscopic examination in diagnosing a Demodex infestation. Moreover, we investigated the possible correlations between the presence of Demodex mites and clinical characteristics. In total, 20 patients affected by papulopustular rosacea and 10 controls were included. At both microscopic examination and PCR, patients with rosacea presented a greater prevalence of positive samples than controls at the scalp and at the face. Microscopy had sensitivity of 50% at the face and of 46.7% at the scalp. PCR had sensitivity of 93.75% at the face and of 86.7% at the scalp. The positivity of PCR was associated to a higher frequency of facial papules and pustules. Patients with positivity at the face had a more frequent positivity at the scalp. The scalp could represent a reservoir for the Demodex mites, and should be investigated by sensitive and painless methods. PCR performed on painlessly collected samples should be further investigated. PMID:39042262 | PMC:PMC11266235 | DOI:10.1007/s00403-024-03228-1 {url} = URL to article
    • J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024 Jul 19:S0190-9622(24)02499-X. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.07.1448. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:39033980 | DOI:10.1016/j.jaad.2024.07.1448 {url} = URL to article
    • World J Clin Cases. 2024 Jul 16;12(20):4180-4190. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i20.4180. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Rhinophyma, a late-stage subtype of rosacea, is characterized by excessive sebaceous glands and connective tissue proliferation. Patients may experience respiratory disturbances and psychological distress that significantly affect their quality of life when excessive nasal hyperplasia obstructs the external nasal valves. Surgery is the treatment of choice for rhinophyma. However, excessive bleeding, scarring, pigmentation, and high recurrence rates frequently characterize current surgical methods. AIM: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and recurrence rates after treating severe rhinophyma with the five-blade scratcher. METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of 28 patients with severe rhinophyma rosacea. The Global Flushing Severity Score (GFSS), Clinician Erythema Assessment (CEA), Rhinophyma Severity Index (RHISI), Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI), and satisfaction scores were used to assess the recovery of patients at 6 months and 5 years, with the recurrence rate calculated at 5 years postoperatively. In addition, the levels of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the serum of patients before and after surgery were detected by ELISA. RESULTS: The GFSS, CEA, and RHISI scores at 6 months and 5 years postoperatively were significantly lower than those preoperatively (P < 0.001 for both periods). Five-blade scratcher treatment greatly benefits patients as demonstrated by the GBI and patient satisfaction. A small number of patients (7/28, 25%) reported recurrence after surgical treatment for rhinophyma in our department that was not more serious than before treatment. The expression of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the patient's serum was significantly reduced after surgery of five-blade scratcher. CONCLUSION: The five-blade scratcher treatment demonstrates notable advantages, including simplicity, safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness, coupled with reduced bleeding, minimized scarring, lower recurrence rates, reduced the level of pro-inflammatory factors and improved patient satisfaction. Consequently, this therapeutic modality exhibits a viable option for individuals afflicted with severe rhinophyma. PMID:39015915 | PMC:PMC11235531 | DOI:10.12998/wjcc.v12.i20.4180 {url} = URL to article
    • Clin Exp Dermatol. 2024 Jul 15:llae265. doi: 10.1093/ced/llae265. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:39005170 | DOI:10.1093/ced/llae265 {url} = URL to article
    • J Inflamm Res. 2024 Jul 9;17:4443-4452. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S468773. eCollection 2024. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Pro-inflammatory cytokines mediate the course of rosacea, anxiety, and depression through various means such as immunity and inflammation. This study aims to further explore the relationship between rosacea, anxiety, and depression through changes in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. METHODS: 280 rosacea patients were included in the rosacea group, divided into: rosacea without mental disorders, rosacea with anxiety, rosacea with depression, and rosacea with combined anxiety and depression. The mental control group included 210 anxiety and depression patients, divided into: anxiety, depression, and combined anxiety and depression. The healthy control group consisted of 70 healthy individuals. Serum specimens were collected and ELISA was used to detect major pro-inflammatory cytokines. CEA, IGA, GFSS, RosaQoL, HAMA, and HAMD-24 were used for the diagnosis and severity assessment of rosacea and anxiety and depression. RESULTS: This study primarily used the Chi-Square test, Kruskal-Wallis H-test, generalized linear model, and binary logistic regression to evaluate the data. IL-1β, IL-17, and IL-8 levels in rosacea patients and anxiety/depression patients were higher than those in the healthy population (P<0.001), and TNF-α levels in rosacea patients were higher than those in the healthy population (P<0.001). There was an interaction between rosacea, anxiety, and depression in terms of IL-1β, IL-17, and IL-8 levels (P<0.001). Elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-17, and IL-8 are positively correlated with anxiety and depression in rosacea (all P<=0.05). CONCLUSION: It was confirmed that the elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-17, and IL-8 are positively correlated with the onset of anxiety and depression in rosacea. The interaction of the above inflammatory factors suggests a possible common inflammatory mechanism in the coexistence of rosacea and mental disorders. TNF-α only increased in patients with rosacea, combined with the skin-to-mental irreversible phenomenon, indicating that this cytokine may be a key and potential therapeutic target for the onset of rosacea. PMID:39006492 | PMC:PMC11246074 | DOI:10.2147/JIR.S468773 {url} = URL to article
    • Cornea. 2024 Jul 5. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000003627. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report the outcomes of quantum molecular resonance (QMR) electrotherapy in the management of refractory pediatric ocular rosacea. METHODS: This is a retrospective case series on 3 female pediatric patients (ages 12, 15, 14 years) with ocular rosacea. Two patients presented with corneal stromal neovascularization and punctate epithelial erosions while 1 patient presented with corneal scarring and paracentral stromal thinning. After failing conservative management, the patients were treated with 4 consecutive QMR electrotherapy sessions with the intensity set at 5 corresponding on average to a power of 12 W, with 60 V voltage and 200 mA current. Informed consent was obtained for off-label use. Patients were assessed for changes in vision, foreign body sensation, tearing, photophobia, and redness at each visit to determine symptomatic improvement. Outcome measures include best-corrected visual acuity, use of supplemental therapies (eg topical steroids) for symptom relief, extent of corneal neovascularization via serial slitlamp photography, and corneal scar remodeling via high resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT). RESULTS: Two of the 3 patients experienced improvement in visual acuity after QMR electrotherapy. Corneal neovascularization and scarring regressed significantly in all 3 patients. Two months post-QMR electrotherapy, corneal remodeling was evident on optical coherence tomography in 2 patients. All 3 patients were able to discontinue topical immunosuppressants and remain symptom-free at 1.5 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: QMR electrotherapy is a promising alternative in the treatment of refractory ocular rosacea in childhood and puberty, and it may potentiate corneal remodeling. PMID:38967538 | DOI:10.1097/ICO.0000000000003627 {url} = URL to article
    • J Alzheimers Dis. 2024 Jun 28. doi: 10.3233/JAD-240198. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT This manuscript reviews the significant skin manifestations of Lewy body disease, including Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, and the diagnostic utility of skin biopsy. Besides classic motor and cognitive symptoms, non-motor manifestations, particularly dermatologic disorders, can play a crucial role in disease presentation and diagnosis. This review explores the intricate relationship between the skin and Lewy body disease. Seborrheic dermatitis, autoimmune blistering diseases (bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus), rosacea, and melanoma are scrutinized for their unique associations with Parkinson's disease, revealing potential links through shared pathophysiological mechanisms. Advances in diagnostic techniques allow the identification of promising biomarkers such as α-synuclein in samples obtained by skin punch biopsy. Understanding the dermatologic aspects of Lewy body disease not only contributes to its holistic characterization but also holds implications for innovative diagnostic approaches. PMID:38968048 | DOI:10.3233/JAD-240198 {url} = URL to article
    • JAAD Int. 2024 May 6;16:112-118. doi: 10.1016/j.jdin.2024.04.009. eCollection 2024 Sep. ABSTRACT PMID:38957837 | PMC:PMC11217679 | DOI:10.1016/j.jdin.2024.04.009 {url} = URL to article
    • Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2024 Jun 26;17:1551-1552. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S484236. eCollection 2024. ABSTRACT [This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S473598.]. PMID:38952412 | PMC:PMC11215658 | DOI:10.2147/CCID.S484236 {url} = URL to article
    • Heliyon. 2024 Jun 1;10(11):e32275. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32275. eCollection 2024 Jun 15. ABSTRACT A combination of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and tretinoin is recommended for treating acne; however, concurrent administration can be irritating, and coformulation is prevented by BPO-mediated oxidation of tretinoin. In rosacea, benzoyl peroxide has been shown to be efficacious; however, its use has been limited by poor tolerability. To overcome these limitations, the active ingredients can be encapsulated within silica microcapsules. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved 2 products using this technology, a combination of encapsulated benzoyl peroxide and encapsulated tretinoin product for acne vulgaris and encapsulated benzoyl peroxide to treat inflammatory lesions in rosacea. The active ingredients are released through small channels in the silica shell, gradually releasing the active ingredients to the skin. This study describes the stability and release profiles of encapsulated tretinoin and encapsulated benzoyl peroxide from the silica shell in physiologically relevant conditions and provides differentiation from traditional formulations. PMID:38947450 | PMC:PMC11214359 | DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32275 {url} = URL to article
    • Clin Ophthalmol. 2024 Jun 24;18:1801-1810. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S440199. eCollection 2024. ABSTRACT Demodex represents the most frequent ectoparasite found in humans. Although Demodex mites are considered commensals of human pilosebaceous units, an abnormally high mite density can cause several ocular and cutaneous symptoms and signs, sometimes to a severe degree. Both Demodex spp. (folliculorum and brevis) play a significant part in eye pathology and facial dermatoses. These mites have been related to blepharitis, ocular rosacea, meibomian gland dysfunction and various skin diseases, including rosacea, demodicosis and seborrheic dermatitis. Understanding the importance of Demodex in both eye and skin conditions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management strategies, which may involve targeted treatments to control the mite population and reduce associated symptoms. PMID:38948346 | PMC:PMC11213710 | DOI:10.2147/OPTH.S440199 {url} = URL to article
    • J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024 Jun 28. doi: 10.1111/jocd.16354. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of treating erythematotelangiectatic rosacea using fractional radiofrequency (FRF). METHODS: Twenty patients with a confirmed diagnosis of erythema capillaris rosacea were selected, and one side of each patient's face was randomly assigned to receive FRF treatments for three to six times, with an interval of 2 weeks between each treatment. VISIA, dermoscopy, and the Clinician's Erythema Evaluation Scale (CEA) were applied to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment before and after the treatment, to record the VAS scores and adverse reactions, and to conduct a patient satisfaction survey. RESULTS: The characteristic counts and scores of red zone and porphyrin as assessed by VISIA test were significantly decreased, and the difference between the treated side and the pretreatment side was statistically significant (p < 0.05), and the efficacy of the treatment was statistically insignificant compared with the control side, except for the red zone and porphyrin which were statistically significant before and after the treatment (p > 0.05). By CEA score, the difference between the treated side after treatment and the control side was statistically significant (p < 0.05), and the difference between the treated side before and after treatment was statistically significant (p < 0.05); the difference between the control side before and after treatment was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Dermatoscopic observation showed reduction in pore size, reduction of yellowish-white and black horn plugs within the pores, lightening of the red background and thinning and blurring of the capillary structure on the treated side of the skin compared to the control side, and the skin on the treated side showed the above mentioned changes before and after the treatment as well. The mean pain score of the subjects was obtained by VAS score 3.67 ± 0.90. Adverse effects included mild edema, erythema, and microscopic crusting; no long-term adverse effects were seen in all patients. The efficacy of FRF treatment was evaluated 1 month after the final treatment, and 85% of the subjects rated it as satisfactory, very satisfactory, and very satisfactory. CONCLUSION: FRF for the treatment of erythematous capillary dilatation rosacea is effective, safe, and suitable for clinical promotion. PMID:38943266 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.16354 {url} = URL to article
    • Skin Res Technol. 2024 Jul;30(7):e13782. doi: 10.1111/srt.13782. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Prior research has explored the relationship between inflammatory skin disorders and breast cancer (BC), yet the causality of this association remains uncertain. METHODS: Utilizing a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, this study aimed to elucidate the causal dynamics between various inflammatory skin conditions-namely acne, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis vulgaris, urticaria, and rosacea-and BC. Genetic variants implicated in these disorders were sourced from comprehensive genome-wide association studies representative of European ancestry. In the forward MR, BC was posited as the exposure, while the reverse MR treated each inflammatory skin disease as the exposure. A suite of analytical methodologies, including random effects inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median (WME), and MR-Egger, were employed to probe the causative links between inflammatory skin diseases and BC. Sensitivity analyses, alongside evaluations for heterogeneity and pleiotropy, were conducted to substantiate the findings. RESULTS: The MR analysis revealed an increased risk of acne associated with BC (IVW: OR = 1.063, 95% CI = 1.011-1.117, p = 0.016), while noting a decreased risk of atopic dermatitis (AD) in BC patients (IVW: OR = 0.941, 95% CI = 0.886-0.999, p = 0.047). No significant associations were observed between BC and psoriasis vulgaris, urticaria, or rosacea. Conversely, reverse MR analyses detected no effect of BC on the incidence of inflammatory skin diseases. The absence of pleiotropy and the consistency of these outcomes strengthen the study's conclusions. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate an elevated incidence of acne and a reduced incidence of AD in individuals with BC within the European population. PMID:38937884 | PMC:PMC11211090 | DOI:10.1111/srt.13782 {url} = URL to article
    • Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Jun 28;103(26):e38705. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038705. ABSTRACT Rosacea is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disease affecting the center of the face that causes burning and itching sensations and changes in aesthetics. Liang Xue Wu Hua Tang (LXWHT) is a classic herbal formulation that is efficacious and has been widely used in the clinical treatment of rosacea; however, the pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of action of LXWHT using network pharmacology and molecular docking. The Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology database was searched to identify the active ingredients and pharmacological targets of LXWHT, and the GeneCard, Disgenet, and Gene Expression Omnibus databases were applied to screen rosacea-related targets. Cytoscape software was used to visualize the protein-protein interaction network, and network topology analysis was used to identify core targets. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed for the core targets. Molecular docking simulations and visualization were performed using Maestro and PyMOL, respectively. A total of 43 active compounds and 28 potential targets for LXWHT treatment of rosacea were selected for analysis. The Gene Ontology/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results indicated that LXWHT may exert therapeutic effects on rosacea by intervening in immune pathways including tumor necrosis factor pathway, interleukin-17 pathways, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Chemokine ligand 2, interferon-γ, interleukin-1ß, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and matrix metallopeptidase 9 may be the core therapeutic target. Quercetin, stigmasterol, kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, luteolin, beta-carotene, baicalein, acetin, and isorhamnetin were predicted to be the key active ingredients. LXWHT may exert therapeutic effects in the treatment of rosacea by modulating immunity and angiogenesis, laying the foundation for further research. PMID:38941423 | DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000038705 {url} = URL to article
    • J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024 Jun 23. doi: 10.1111/jocd.16435. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:38923159 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.16435 {url} = URL to article
    • Acta Derm Venereol. 2024 Jun 25;104:adv40053. doi: 10.2340/actadv.v104.40053. ABSTRACT Patients with rosacea commonly experience stigmatization, which induces stress and thereby exacerbates their symptoms. Given the strong effects of rosacea on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), addressing the physical and psychosocial aspects of rosacea is essential. To examine the effects of rosacea on HRQoL, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis involving real-world data. PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cross-sectional studies, and case series evaluating the HRQoL of patients with rosacea were included. HRQoL assessment tools such as the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Rosacea-Specific Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (RosaQoL) were used. Data on 13,453 patients were retrieved from 52 eligible studies: 4 RCTs, 15 case series, and 33 cross-sectional studies. Compared with healthy controls, patients with rosacea had significantly lower DLQI scores (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.81 to -1.37). The DLQI scores after treatment were higher than those before treatment (SMD = -1.451, 95% CI = -1.091 to -1.810). The pooled estimates for the overall DLQI and RosaQoL scores were 8.61 and 3.06, respectively. In conclusion, patients with rosacea have lower HRQoL compared with healthy individuals, and treatment for rosacea improves their HRQoL. PMID:38916178 | PMC:PMC11218680 | DOI:10.2340/actadv.v104.40053 {url} = URL to article
    • Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2024 Jul 1;64(3):9-12. doi: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000527. Epub 2024 Jun 24. ABSTRACT Intense pulsed light has a growing body of research supporting its use in skin rejuvenation, dermatologic conditions, as well as ocular rosacea, dry eyes and meibomian gland dysfunction. This paper will start with the conception of one protocol for treating dry eyes, blepharitis and styes using broad band light, a version of intense pulsed light, and its evolution into a life-changing in-office procedure for many patients. The approach for optimizing the settings, considerations during the consultation, the procedure in detail, after treatment care, and potential complications to avoid are all explained. Periocular and facial rejuvenation treatment protocols are discussed as well. This should be a useful guide for clinicians looking to add intense pulsed light to their in-office treatment armamentarium to significantly improve the lives of their patients. PMID:38910500 | DOI:10.1097/IIO.0000000000000527 {url} = URL to article
    • Dermatol Res Pract. 2024 Jun 15;2024:7714527. doi: 10.1155/2024/7714527. eCollection 2024. ABSTRACT The most prevalent skin condition is acne vulgaris. Recent clinical practice guidelines recommend oral isotretinoin to treat moderate-to-severe acne. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and risk perception of oral isotretinoin for acne treatment. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the country of Jordan. The study sample includes people resident in Jordan aged ≥14 years who have been treated with oral isotretinoin for acne. The study involved 373 participants who previously used oral isotretinoin for skin disorders. Most were Jordanian (89.3%), aged 19-25 (37.3%), and from the central region (82.8%). Mostly, they used isotretinoin for severe or mild acne (25.2% and 24.1%, respectively), rosacea (4.1%), or to alleviate acne scars. Surprisingly, 58.1% did not consult their specialist for side effects, and 20% shared their treatment. The average proper use score was 9.98 out of 16. A link was found between higher risk knowledge scores and proper use scores. Side effects such as nausea, irregular heartbeat, and pancreatitis affected some users (11.5%, 10.5%, 7.0%, and 3.2%, respectively). Knowledge about isotretinoin's risks varied, with percentages recognizing teratogenicity (57.7%), liver damage (52.6%), and lipid profile effects (37.2%), while 25% believed that they had no side effects. The study revealed partial adherence to oral isotretinoin guidelines, with gaps in monitoring and consultation. A positive correlation emerged between risk knowledge and proper usage, emphasizing the need for comprehensive education and monitoring strategies in isotretinoin therapy for skin disorders. PMID:38911019 | PMC:PMC11193596 | DOI:10.1155/2024/7714527 {url} = URL to article
    • J Adv Res. 2024 Jun 22:S2090-1232(24)00250-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.013. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Rosacea is an inflammatory skin disorder characterized by the release of inflammatory mediators from keratinocytes, which are thought to play a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Despite an incidence of approximately 5.5%, rosacea is associated with a poor quality of life. However, as the pathogenesis of rosacea remains enigmatic, treatment options are limited. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the pathogenesis of rosacea and explore new therapeutic strategies. METHODS: Transcriptome data from rosacea patients combined with immunohistochemical staining were used to investigate the activation of STAT3 in rosacea. The role of STAT3 activation in rosacea was subsequently explored by inhibiting STAT3 activation both in vivo and in vitro. The key molecules downstream of STAT3 activation were identified through data analysis and experiments. Dual-luciferase assay and ChIP-qPCR analysis were used to validate the direct binding of STAT3 to the IL-36G promoter. DARTS, in combination with experimental screening, was employed to identify effective drugs targeting STAT3 for rosacea treatment. RESULTS: STAT3 signaling was hyperactivated in rosacea and served as a promoter of the keratinocyte-driven inflammatory response. Mechanistically, activated STAT3 directly bind to the IL-36G promoter region to amplify downstream inflammatory signals by promoting IL-36G transcription, and treatment with a neutralizing antibody (α-IL36γ) could mitigate rosacea-like inflammation. Notably, a natural plant extract (pogostone), which can interact with STAT3 directly to inhibit its activation and affect the STAT3/IL36G signaling pathway, was screened as a promising topical medication for rosacea treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed a pivotal role for STAT3/IL36G signaling in the development of rosacea, suggesting that targeting this pathway might be a potential strategy for rosacea treatment. PMID:38909883 | DOI:10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.013 {url} = URL to article
    • J Invest Dermatol. 2024 Jun 20:S0022-202X(24)01859-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.05.024. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:38908780 | DOI:10.1016/j.jid.2024.05.024 {url} = URL to article
    • Cureus. 2024 May 21;16(5):e60731. doi: 10.7759/cureus.60731. eCollection 2024 May. ABSTRACT Background Internalized stigma (IS) is the acceptance of unfavorable stereotypes about the disease that society has created and withdrawing from society with feelings of shame and worthlessness. Due to the visibility feature of facial skin diseases such as rosacea and acne vulgaris (AV), it is possible for them to cause IS. Objective We aimed to examine the level of IS in AV and rosacea patients and compare these patient groups as well. Methods Fifty-three AV and 46 rosacea patients aged 18-65 were included in this study. Internalized Stigma Scale (ISS) adapted for AV and rosacea were applied to all the patients. They also responded to the "Dermatology Life Quality Index" (DLQI) questionnaire. The relationship between IS levels and DLQI was investigated, and then acne and rosacea patients were compared with each other. Results Total DLQI, total ISS, and its subscales' scores of all patients were found to be positively correlated with each other. When rosacea and AV patients were compared with each other, there was no difference regarding DLQI and ISS scores. Conclusion AV and rosacea patients experience high IS, and it is significantly related to low quality of life and health status. They also have similar IS levels when compared with each other. PMID:38903377 | PMC:PMC11187619 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.60731 {url} = URL to article
    • Arch Dermatol Res. 2024 Jun 21;316(7):428. doi: 10.1007/s00403-024-03131-9. ABSTRACT Cannabidiol (CBD), which is derived from hemp, is gaining recognition because of its anti-inflammatory and lipid-modulating properties that could be utilized to treat acne. We conducted experiments to quantitatively assess the effects of CBD on acne-related cellular pathways. SEB-1 sebocytes and HaCaT keratinocytes were exposed to various CBD concentrations. CBD exhibited a concentration-dependent impact on cell viability and notably reduced SEB-1 viability; furthermore, it induced apoptosis and a significant increase in the apoptotic area at higher concentrations. Additionally, CBD remarkably reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, including CXCL8, IL-1α, and IL-1β. Additionally, it inhibited lipid synthesis by modulating the AMPK-SREBP-1 pathway and effectively reduced hyperkeratinization-related protein keratin 16. Simultaneously, CBD stimulated the synthesis of elastin, collagen 1, and collagen 3. These findings emphasize the potential of CBD for the management of acne because of its anti-inflammatory, apoptotic, and lipid-inhibitory effects. Notably, the modulation of the Akt/AMPK-SREBP-1 pathway revealed a novel and promising mechanism that could address the pathogenesis of acne. PMID:38904694 | PMC:PMC11192675 | DOI:10.1007/s00403-024-03131-9 {url} = URL to article
    • Am Fam Physician. 2024 Jun;109(6):533-542. ABSTRACT Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the central face, affecting 5% of the population. The exact etiology is unknown. A diagnosis is made based on the updated 2017 National Rosacea Society Expert Committee guidelines, including fixed erythema, phymatous changes of skin thickening due to sebaceous gland hyperplasia and fibrosis, papules, pustules, telangiectasia, and flushing. Delays in an accurate diagnosis and treatment may occur in skin of color due to difficulty visualizing erythema and telangiectasia. The daily use of sunscreen, moisturizers, and mild skin cleansers and avoidance of triggers are essential aspects of maintenance treatment. Effective topical treatment options include alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists for flushing and ivermectin, metronidazole, and azelaic acid for papules and pustules. Systemic treatments include nonselective beta blockers for flushing, low-dose doxycycline, and isotretinoin for papules and pustules. Rosacea can significantly affect a patient's emotional health and quality of life. A referral for care is recommended for fixed phymatous changes and ocular rosacea. (Am Fam Physician. 2024;109(6):533-542. PMID:38905551 {url} = URL to article
    • World J Clin Cases. 2024 Jun 16;12(17):3253-3258. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i17.3253. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In addition to the non-specific symptomatology of ocular rosacea, currently, there are no reliable diagnostic tests for the disease, which may lead to its misdiagnosis. Here, we report a case of ocular rosacea presenting with multiple recurrent chalazion on both eyelids. CASE SUMMARY: A 63-year-old female patient presented with multiple chalazion and dry eyes in both eyes, with no facial erythema. Initial management done were application of steroid eye ointment on both eyelids, hot compresses, and eyelid margin cleaning; noting that there was no relief of symptoms. Surgical excision of the chalazion was done on both eyes, however, bilateral recurrence occurred post-operatively. The pathological studies showed infiltration of a small amount of fibrous tissue with many chronic inflammatory cells. Immunohistochemistry studies were positive for LL-37. Resolution of the chalazion occurred after oral administration of doxycycline and azithromycin. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that ophthalmologists should recognize the ocular manifestations of skin diseases. PMID:38898849 | PMC:PMC11185401 | DOI:10.12998/wjcc.v12.i17.3253 {url} = URL to article
    • Skin Res Technol. 2024 Jun;30(6):e13735. doi: 10.1111/srt.13735. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition associated with erythema, inflammation and skin sensitivity. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefit of a dermocosmetic cream (DC cream) containing Sphingobioma xenophaga extract and soothing agent in adult females with rosacea-associated erythema and sensitive skin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During phase 1, DC was applied twice daily on the randomized half-face and compared to usual-skincare (USC) for 28 days. During phase 2, DC was applied on the full face twice daily for 56 days. Clinical, instrumental and skin sensitivity assessments were performed at all visits; demodex density (standardized skin surface biopsy (SSSB) method) was performed at baseline and D28, quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the stigmatization questionnaire (SQ), Rosacea Quality of Life index (ROSAQoL) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) at baseline and D84. RESULTS: At D28, a significant benefit of DC over USC was observed for erythema, tightness, burning and stinging (all p ≤ 0.05), erythema measured by chromameter (p < 0.01), corneometry and transepidermal water loss (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05, respectively), skin sensitivity (p < 0.001) and significant reduction of mean demodex density (p < 0.05) on the DC side. At D84, DC significantly (all p < 0.05) improved clinical signs and symptoms on both sides of the face compared to baseline; SQ, ROSAQoL and DLQI scores improved by 40.4%, 25.0% and 55.7%, respectively compared to baseline. Tolerance was excellent. CONCLUSION: DC significantly improved erythema, skin sensitivity, demodex count, QoL and feeling of stigmatization of subjects with rosacea and is very well tolerated. PMID:38899754 | PMC:PMC11187799 | DOI:10.1111/srt.13735 {url} = URL to article
    • If we had 100 core members who subscribe a dollar a month we could keep the RRDi website and non profit organization going. Would you be one the core 100 members who subscribe a dollar a month? 
    • Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2024 Jun 6;151(3):103244. doi: 10.1016/j.annder.2023.103244. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:38848643 | DOI:10.1016/j.annder.2023.103244 {url} = URL to article
    • Indian J Dermatol. 2024 Mar-Apr;69(2):152-158. doi: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_815_22. Epub 2024 Apr 29. ABSTRACT Gluten, a polypeptide hapten, found in many cereals such as barley, wheat, rye, oats, and others, has been recently implicated in a range of cutaneous disorders ranging from chronic plaque psoriasis through psoriatic arthritis, urticaria (chronic as well as paediatric onset), and angioedema to lichen planus, vitiligo, and rosacea. The evidence for them is still not well reviewed. To generate evidence for the causal role of gluten in various dermatological disorders. The Pubmed, MedLine, and EMBASE databases were searched using the keywords "Gluten" and one of the dermatoses, namely, "Atopic Dermatitis", "Vasculitis", "Psoriasis", "Psoriatic Arthritis", "Acne", "Alopecia Areata", and "Immunobullous disorders". All articles published in English for which free full text was available were taken into consideration. The search strategy returned in a total of 1487 articles which were screened for relevance and elimination of duplicates. Ultimately, around 114 articles were deemed suitable. The data were extracted and presented in the narrative review format. A simple and cost-effective solution to many of these chronic and lifelong conditions is to restrict gluten in the diet. However, the dermatologist would do well to remember that in the vast majority of dermatological disorders including the ones listed here, gluten restriction is not warranted and can even lead to nutritional deficiencies. The evidence varied from Grade I for some disorders like psoriatic arthritis to Grade IV to most disorders like acne, vitiligo, vasculitis, and atopic dermatitis. Herein, we review the evidence for each of these conditions and make practical recommendations for gluten restriction in them. PMID:38841247 | PMC:PMC11149804 | DOI:10.4103/ijd.ijd_815_22 {url} = URL to article
    • Skin Appendage Disord. 2024 Jun;10(3):207-214. doi: 10.1159/000536246. Epub 2024 Feb 2. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory dermatosis characterized by erythema, telangiectasia, papules, and pustules on the central face. The frequency of contact sensitization complicating rosacea and its therapy is unknown, with only few studies published in the literature. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate contact sensitivity in patients with rosacea. METHODS: A total of 50 rosacea patients and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Both groups were patch tested with the European Baseline Series. RESULTS: A positive reaction to at least one allergen of the European Baseline Series was observed in 15 (30%) of rosacea patients and 10 (20%) of the healthy controls. Although the rate of positive reaction in the rosacea group was higher than in the controls, no statistically significant difference was documented. In addition, the total number of positive reactions to allergens in the rosacea group was higher than the control group, namely, 26 versus 17. CONCLUSION: Contact hypersensitivity may coexist with rosacea. Its identification holds significant clinical relevance, influencing the long-term management and justifying the application of patch testing in rosacea patients. PMID:38835717 | PMC:PMC11147521 | DOI:10.1159/000536246 {url} = URL to article
    • J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024 Jun 3. doi: 10.1111/jocd.16372. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND & AIM: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory, multifactorial disease for which combination therapy could be an effective treatment. In this study, we evaluate the effect of the combination therapy of brimonidine 0.33% and ivermectin 1% as a single cream for the treatment of papulopustular rosacea. METHOD: A stable and appropriate formulation was prepared by adding the aqueous phase to the lipid phase while being stirred. The stability and physicochemical properties of the formulation were evaluated under accelerated conditions. Twelve patients (36-60 years) with mild to moderate papulopustular rosacea and a Demodex count of five or more were treated with the combination of brimonidine 0.33% and ivermectin 1% cream. Clinician's Erythema Assessment (CEA), Patients Self-Assessment (PSA), skin erythema (ΔE) and lightness (ΔL), and skin biophysical parameters including transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration, pH, and sebum content, as well as erythema and melanin index and ultrasound parameters, were measured before treatment and 4 and 8 weeks after. Adverse drug reactions were also recorded. RESULTS: CEA and PSA decreased significantly from 3 to 2 after 8 weeks, respectively (p-value = 0.014 for CEA and 0.010 for PSA). ΔE and ΔL, as well as skin erythema index and TEWL improved after 8 weeks of treatment (p < 0.05). Two patients withdrew from the study in the first week because of local adverse effects; one developed flushing following treatment and left the investigation after 4 weeks and another patient withdrew from the study after 4 weeks due to deciding to become pregnant. CONCLUSION: Eight-week treatment with the combination of brimonidine 0.33% and ivermectin 1% was shown to be effective for improvement of erythema and inflammatory lesions in mild to moderate papulopustular rosacea. PMID:38831548 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.16372 {url} = URL to article
    • J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024 Jun 3. doi: 10.1111/jocd.16413. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of a repairing mask as an adjunctive treatment for skin barrier maintenance of mild to moderate rosacea. METHODS: Patients with rosacea were recruited in this dual center randomized controlled trial from November 2019 to December 2021. A total of 64 patients were included and randomized into two groups at a ratio of 3:1 into a mask group (n = 47) and a control group (n = 17). Patients in the mask group received treatment with Dr. Yu Centella asiatica repairing facial mask three times weekly for a duration of 6 weeks. All participants were instructed to continue their regimen of 50 mg oral minocycline twice daily and to apply Dr. Yu Intensive Hydrating Soft Cream twice daily. The primary endpoint of this study was the Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) score. RESULTS: A total of 54 patients completed this trial, with 41 in the mask group and 13 in the control group. After using this facial mask for 3 and 6 weeks, the IGA, facial skin dryness, facial flushing, and severity of skin lesion in the mask group showed significantly improvement (p < 0.05). Moreover, the change in the delta degree of skin flushing was significantly higher than that in the control group (p = 0.037). Throughout the study, no adverse events were reported in either group of participants. CONCLUSION: The Dr. Yu Centella asiatica repairing facial mask, as an adjunctive treatment of rosacea, appears to effectively repair and protect the skin barrier, alleviate cutaneous symptoms of rosacea, and is both efficacious and safe for patient use. PMID:38831627 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.16413 {url} = URL to article
    • J Drugs Dermatol. 2024 Jun 1;23(6):446-449. doi: 10.36849/JDD.8362. ABSTRACT Acne vulgaris is a common chronic dermatological condition characterized by obstruction and inflammation of pilosebaceous units. Recent research on a different dermatologic condition has demonstrated that the use of vasodilatory medications is associated with a decreased relative risk of rosacea. This finding is significant due to the overlapping inflammatory pathways involved in rosacea and acne. Herein, a retrospective cohort study was designed to determine the correlation between vasodilator usage and the risk of developing acne within 5 years, contrasting it with thiazide diuretics, chosen as a control due to its non-vasodilatory antihypertensive mechanism and availability of data. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (RR, 0.775; 95% CI, 0.727-0.826; P&lt;0.05), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (RR, 0.739; 95% CI, 0.685-0.797; P&lt;0.05), beta-blockers (BB) (RR, 0.829; 95% CI, 0.777-0.885; P&lt;0.05), and calcium channel blockers (CCB) usage (RR, 0.821, 95% CI, 0.773-0.873; P&lt;0.05) were associated with a significantly lower risk of developing acne within 5 years of initiating therapy compared to thiazide diuretics. It is unclear if thiazide diuretics are more likely to cause acne within the adult population or if vasodilators are protective against the development of acne. Finding mechanisms and therapeutics that lower the risk of developing acne is of significant public health interest, and this study provides a step toward this endeavor. Further research is required to uncover the underlying mechanisms for this reduction in the development of acne.&nbsp; J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(6):446-449.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; doi:10.36849/JDD.8362. PMID:38834225 | DOI:10.36849/JDD.8362 {url} = URL to article
    • Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2024 Jun 3:102247. doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2024.102247. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of topical autologous serum and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in patients with severe dry eye and persistent epithelial defects. METHODS: Sixty-seven eyes of 42 patients including 12 Sjogren, 11 meibomian gland dysfunction, 8 post penetrating keratoplasty, 5 acne rosacea, 5 chemical burn and 3 neurotophic keratopathy were analyzed. Best corrected visual acuity, Schirmer, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear break-up time, Oxford staining scores were measured before the treatment and 1 month. One month scores of two groups were compared. RESULTS: Thirty three eyes received autologous serum and 34 received PRP. There was no statistically significant differences between two groups in ocular surface parameters at baseline. Statistically significant improvements were achieved in both groups in all parameters at 1 month (p < 0.05). Schirmer score improved from 7.9 ± 7.6 to 10.6 ± 8.4 mm in autologous serum (p < 0.001) and from 10.9 ± 9.5 to 13.3 ± 10.1 in PRP (p < 0.001); BUT from 4.3 ± 2.7 to 6.7 ± 3.4 s (p < 0.001) and 4.5 ± 3.0 to 6.0 ± 3.6 (p < 0.001); OSDI from 47.7 ± 14.7 to 25.7 ± 11.0 (p < 0.001) and from 54.1 ± 17.3 to 26.8 ± 11.0 (p < 0.001); Oxford score from 4.0 ± 1.0 to 1.3 ± 1.1 in (p < 0.001) and 3.9 ± 0.9 to 1.6 ± 1.3 (p < 0.001) respectively. Significant visual improvement was achieved with PRP from 0.81 ± 0.73 LogMAR to 0.72 ± 0.63 (p = 0.025), whereas insignificant with serum from 0.60 ± 0.65 to 0.57 ± 0.67 (p = 0.147). Mean epithelial healing time was 6.7 ± 4.7 (2-14) days in serum and 3.6 ± 1.9 (2-7) in PRP (p = 0.195). CONCLUSIONS: Both treatments are equally effective in severe dry eye and persistent epithelial defects. Although, visual gain is higher in PRP, autologous serum may be preferable due to low cost. PMID:38834425 | DOI:10.1016/j.clae.2024.102247 {url} = URL to article
    • Lasers Med Sci. 2024 Jun 1;39(1):146. doi: 10.1007/s10103-024-04098-9. ABSTRACT Previous clinical studies have shown that pulsed dye laser (PDL) and intense pulsed light (IPL) are effective for treating erythematotelangiectatic rosacea(ETR). This article aims to compare the efficacy and safety of PDL and IPL at three different wavelength bands (broad-band, single-narrow-band, and dual-narrow-band) in treating ETR. Sixty subjects with ETR were randomly categorized into four groups and received one of the following laser treatments: PDL (595 nm), IPL with Delicate Pulse Light (DPL, 500-600 nm), IPL with M22 590 (590-1200 nm), or IPL with M22 vascular filter (530-650 nm and 900-1200 nm). Four treatment sessions were administered at 4-week intervals, with one follow-up session 4 weeks after the final treatment. The efficacy of the four lasers was evaluated by comparing the clinical symptom score, total effective rate, VISIA red area absolute score, and RosaQoL score before and after treatment. The safety was evaluated by comparing adverse reactions such as pain, purpura, erythematous edema, and blister. All 60 subjects completed the study. Within-group effects showed that the clinical symptom score, VISIA red area absolute score, and RosaQoL score of all four groups were significantly reduced compared to before treatment (p < 0.001). Between-group effects showed no statistically significant difference among the four laser groups. Safety analysis showed that all four lasers were safe, but the incidence of blister was higher in the M22 vascular group. Nonpurpurogenic PDL, DPL, M22 590, and M22 vascular were equally effective in treating ETR and were well-tolerated. ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT05360251. PMID:38822948 | DOI:10.1007/s10103-024-04098-9 {url} = URL to article
    • J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024 May 30. doi: 10.1111/jocd.16417. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The changes in the skin caused by obesity may predispose patients with rosacea to Demodex infestation (DI). Besides, identifying predisposing factors in these patients is important for initial treatment plan. AIMS: The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between DI and obesity in patients with rosacea. METHODS: Sociodemographic characteristics, body mass index, and clinical features of 130 rosacea patients were recorded. Demodex density was measured by noninvasive standard skin biopsy, and a determination of ≥5/cm2 mites was regarded as positive for DI. Patients with a BMI of 30 and above were categorized as the obese group, and those with a BMI below 30 were classified as the nonobese group. Moreover, patients were divided according to DI into positive and negative. These groups were compared with each other. RESULTS: Upon comparing the patients with and without obesity, it was noted that the obese patients had significantly higher rates of erythematotelangiectatic type rosacea, rosacea severity, and flushing complaints. Furthermore, results show that the DI was significantly more common in obese patients. The most determinant factors for predicting DI in rosacea patients were papulopustular type rosacea, obesity, and rosacea severity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, DI was found to be more common in obese patients with rosacea. Besides, obesity was found to be one of the most determining factors in detecting DI in patients with rosacea. PMID:38817094 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.16417 {url} = URL to article
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