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  • Misdiagnosed Rosacea

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    Articles, References and Anecdotal Reports

    There are articles on rosacea that mention misdiagnosed rosacea. While this isn't a massive problem, nevertheless, here is a list of different sources that mention the subject, including (if you scroll below) many anecdotal reports of misdiagnosis. Misdiagnosis is what falls under the medical umbrella called 'medical error.' You should be aware that rosacea may be a catch all diagnosis for a number of skin conditions that present with erythema and/or pimples. The list of skin conditions that need to be differentiated from rosacea is massive. It is no wonder that misdiagnosis occasionally happens. There are reports coming out of China of using AI in computer aided diagnosis that may reduce the number of misdiagnosed rosacea in the future. 

    Add Your Report
    If you want to add your experience with misdiagnosis please post your anecdotal report in this thread, since we are not adding to this page any more anecdotal reports. If you scroll below we have over 100 anecdotal reports of misdiagnosis. More are being added as we find more or if you add your report to this thread

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    Articles and References from Reputable Authorities 

    "To the untrained eye, unusual skin presentations can cause confusion and alarm. They can also go misdiagnosed, often not getting the attention they require. This is because many skin conditions can seem similar in appearance to one another, says Shari Marchbein, board-certified dermatologist and clinical assistant professor of dermatology at New York University School of Medicine....Another common misdiagnosis is rosacea disguised as acne, says Estee Williams, a board-certified medical, cosmetic and surgical dermatologist and clinical professor in dermatology at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City." 
    4 Skin Conditions That Are Often Misdiagnosed, According to Dermatologists, BY ERIN NICOLE CELLETTI, Allure

    "Rosacea SKINsights sponsored by Galderma Laboratories [reveals] the lengths that women with rosacea would go to if they could get rid of their rosacea forever, and highlight the low awareness and complicated diagnosis path for this common condition. On average, women with rosacea waited at least seven months before receiving a correct diagnosis, and only half of respondents had ever heard of the condition upon the time of diagnosis. This reveals the high level of misunderstanding and confusion that surrounds rosacea..." Medical News Today

    "Currently, rosacea is only diagnosed by clinical symptoms and can be confused with other dermatological diseases such as acne."
    New Treatment or Diagnosis for Rosacea with Existing Approved Drugs
    Tech ID: 19149 / UC Case 2007-047-0
    University of California, San Diego
    Technology Transfer Office

    "Despite its apparent high incidence, the nosology of rosacea is not well established, and the term “rosacea” has been applied to patients and research subjects with a diverse set of clinical findings that may or may not be an integral part of this disorder. In addition to the diversity of clinical manifestations, the etiology and pathogenesis of rosacea are unknown, and there are no histologic or serologic markers."
    Standard classification of rosacea: Report of the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea

    ''Some physicians may not be aware of or recognize rosacea and may treat patients with rosacea inappropriately as if they had adult acne.''
    Dr. Jonathan Wilkin NRS Medical Advisory Board

    "Rosacea is a common dermatologic disorder. It is frequently overlooked or misdiagnosed, particularly when mild in nature."
    Rosacea: A Review of a Common Disorder by Carolyn Knox, IJAPA

    "Patients with rosacea frequently present with coexisting skin conditions, such as seborrheic dermatitis, acne, perioral dermatitis, and melasma, which may complicate diagnosis and treatment."
    Heather Roebuck, Nurse Pract. 2011 Jan 11.

    "A committee member, Dr. Mark Dahl, a dermatologist at the Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Ariz., said, ''This is a syndrome with lots of different elements that is easy to diagnose when all the elements are present,'' but not as easy when only one or two of the characteristics appear."
    PERSONAL HEALTH; Sometimes Rosy Cheeks Are Just Rosy Cheeks
    By JANE E. BRODY, New York Times, March 16, 2004

    "Rosacea is a complex and often misdiagnosed condition." The Rosacea Forum Moderated by Drs. Bernstein and Geronemus (site is down but you can view this statement in the Wayback Machine)

    "Whereas the classical subtypes of rosacea can be recognized quite well, the variants of rosacea may be overlooked or misdiagnosed." rosacea.dermis.net

    "Rosacea is often misdiagnosed as acne or discoid or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)." Christiane Northup, M.D.

    "Frequently misdiagnosed as adult acne, this chronic, progressive skin disorder affects millions." Recognizing and Managing Rosacea by Thalia Swinler, JSTOR

    "The last subtype, ocular rosacea, is common but often misdiagnosed." uspharmacist.com

    "The signs and symptoms of ocular rosacea in children may be frequently underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed..." NRS Rosacea Review, Summer 2008

    “It’s a condition that is often misdiagnosed and overdiagnosed. Sometimes a rosy cheek is just a rosy cheek.” Herbert Goodheart, M.D., a dermatologist in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., and author of “Acne for Dummies,” as quoted in the New York Times article

    "Dr. Jay points to the inherent dangers of misdiagnosis and inability to handle complications because of a limited understanding of cutaneous physiology."
    IPL: Wave of the future in rosacea therapy by John Nemec, Aug 1, 2006

    "...unusual manifestations of rosacea may be overlooked or misdiagnosed...."
    Rosacea: An Update
    Stanislaw A. Buechner
    Dermatology 2005;210:100-108 (DOI: 10.1159/000082564)

    "Rosacea is a skin condition as misunderstood as sensitive skin, and as frequently misdiagnosed." Dermilogica

    "Rosacea is a very common, but often misunderstood and misdiagnosed skin condition." skinlaboratory.com

    "Rosacea is a long lasting, non-scarring skin condition of the face that is often misdiagnosed as adult acne." Paul M. Friedman, MD

    "Rosacea is quite often misdiagnosed as any number of other skin disorders including acne." methodsofhealing.com

    "Often misdiagnosed as adult acne, allergy or eczema, Rosacea, if left untreated, tends to worsen over time...." Dana Anderson Skin Care

    "This present patient clearly had facial changes typical of acne rosacea, with erythema and telangiectasias of the cheeks, forehead, and nose. He had all the typical lid changes as well, including collarattes that are pathognomonic of staphylococcal blepharitis. Unfortunately, he had been misdiagnosed for several years…" Clinical Pearls by Janice A. Gault, p. 206

    "Due to the fact that lupus can cause a red rash across the nose and face, often in a butterfly pattern it can be confused with or misdiagnosed as rosacea. .." www.rosacea-treatment.net/

    "Dr. Callender also noted that rosacea is often misdiagnosed in patients of color, as clinicians may mistake the signs and symptoms of the condition for lupus – a systemic, autoimmune condition that commonly occurs as a “butterfly rash” involving the face."
    Treating acne and rosacea in people with skin of color - ihealthbulletin.com

    "...it's often overlooked in dark-skinned patients or misdiagnosed as lupus, which is marked by a red, butterfly-shaped rash in the center of the face,..." Shape May 2009

    "...the diagnosis of demodicosis is frequently masked by other skin diseases such as papulopustular or erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, seborrhoeic dermatitis, perioral dermatitis and contact dermatitis." Br J Dermatol. 2010 Feb 25.

    A Case of Precursor B-cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Misdiagnosed as Rosacea.
    Han EC, Kim DY, Chung JY, Chung HJ, Chung KY.
    Korean J Dermatol. 2008 Feb;46(2):264-267

    "It is when the first diagnosis and treatment don't work that dermatologists look deeper and often discover something called demodex." Microscopic menace may be cause of skin trouble, Jennifer Van Vrancken, Reporte, FOX 8 News: WVUE Live Stream

    "Busy doctors who cannot take a detailed history will frequently miss the diagnosis, complicated further by the fact that rosacea is a great mimic of other unrelated disorders that present with a “red face”. I have often seen classical cases of rosacea mistakenly diagnosed as acne vulgaris, lupus erythematosus, seborrheic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and other inflammatory diseases." Albert Kligman, A Personal Critique on the State of Knowledge of Rosacea

    "Ocular rosacea is frequently misdiagnosed, particularly in the pediatric population." Eur J Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan 3:0. doi: 10.5301/ejo.5000103.

    A report, About some red faces, stated: "Diagnosis is based on different data: date and mode of appearance, characteristics of the erythema, functional signs, and associated systemic manifestations. A case of red face can have an infectious origin, caused by vascular, congenital, or acquired lesions, or be caused by photodermatosis, or be the main location of inflammatory dermatosis or collagenosis, but depending on the clinical context, many other diagnoses can be suggested."

    "Butterfly rash is a red flat facial rash involving the malar region bilaterally and the bridge of the nose. The presence of a butterfly rash is generally a sign of lupus erythematosus (LE), but it can also include a plethora of conditions. The case presented here is of a female with butterfly rash along with typical bright red discoloration of gingiva. The clinical, histopathological and biochemical investigations suggested the presence of rosacea."
    Contemp Clin Dent. 2012 Jul;3(3):356-8. doi: 10.4103/0976-237X.103637.
    Butterfly rash with periodontitis: A diagnostic dilemma.
    Aggarwal M, Mittal M, Dwivedi S, Vashisth P, Jaiswal D.

    "A 28-year-old female patient presented with extensive facial and ocular eruptions. She had a history of treatment with oral prednisolone due to the clinical diagnosis of lupus erythematosus (LE)....With the clinical diagnosis of severe oculofacial rosacea, she was successfully treated with oral doxycycline, steroid eye drops, and ocular lubricants. Histopathological features of skin biopsy were consistent with rosacea in the context of infection with Demodexfolliculorum.... Rosacea can be extremely severe and disfiguring, and it can be misdiagnosed as the pathognomonic butterfly rash of LE."
    J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2017 Oct-Dec; 12(4): 429–433.doi:  10.4103/jovr.jovr_46_16
    PMCID: PMC5644412
    Severe Rosacea: A Case Report
    Ebrahim Shirzadeh, MD, Abbas Bagheri, MD, Mojtaba Fattahi Abdizadeh, PhD, and Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi, MD

    Q: I was diagnosed with rosacea, but my skin isn’t responding to the rosacea treatments. In fact, it’s getting worse. Is it possible that I have both rosacea and acne?

    A: In a word, yes. For some patients, it is possible to have both rosacea and acne., Sue Chung , Patient Expert, Rosacea Misdiagnoses, Skin Health, Health Central

    "Many people with skin of color who have rosacea may experience delayed diagnosis leading to inappropriate or inadequate treatment, greater morbidity, and uncontrolled, progressive disease with disfiguring manifestations, including phymatous rosacea."
    J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018 Sep 18;:
    Global Epidemiology and Clinical Spectrum of Rosacea, Highlighting Skin of Color: Review and Clinical Practice Experience.
    Alexis AF, Callender VD, Baldwin HE, Desai SR, Rendon MI, Ta ylor SC

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    Anecdotal Reports of Misdiagnosis

    The following is a partial list of anecdotal reports either of misdiagnosing rosacea for another skin disease or vice versa:

    1. Bob reports his rosacea was misdiagnosed for discoid lupus

    2. Elizabeth's initial diagnosis of rosacea turned out to be KP

    3. Andrea says her initial diagnosis of rosacea may have turned out to be pellegra

    4. Jason was misdiagnosed numerous times and was unfortunately given steroids which he believes aggravated the condition.

    5. Kari was initially diagnosed with rosacea and later found out it was eczema.

    6. maxigee2002 said after six months of being treated for rosacea a doctor discovered she was misdiagnosed and actually had Pityrosporum Folliculitis

    7. gdybe was misdiagnosed with Crohn's disease and after six months of steroids developed rosacea.

    8. Ladonna was misdiagnosed with rosacea and it turned out to be Graves Disease. 

    9. Susan reports that she developed "a rash above my eye (below the eyebrow - a little on the lid itself). First he said it was "orbital dermatitis" and gave me topical cortisone and anti-biotics. Not sure it helped much, it seemed to go away on its own schedule, although the steroid may have lessened the itchiness. I went back and he prescribed Metrogel and more cortisone cream. He told me it was a form of rosacea."

    10. Tom says that 6 years before he was diagnosed with rosacea and treated and now says "This doctor does not think I have rosacea, instead 
    he thinks I have erythema." Tom says he thinks he might have KP. 

    11. DC says his physician misdiagnosed his dermatitis as rosacea. 

    12. NorthNova says he was misdiagnosed by dermatologists before he found out he had rosacea. 

    13. flareface reports that a dermatologist diagnosed her condition as "physiological flushing" and later she says a PA "misdiagnosed pretty much everything, gave me 3 different steroidal creams and sent me on my way." Later another derm diagnosed "contact allergy" on her eyes and prescribed a mild dose of cortisone cream for a couple days and it all cleared up. 

    14. redKen (see post #2) says his dermatologist misdiagnosed his rosacea for dermatitis. 

    15. nk104 says two dermatologists diagnosed rosacea. A third physician said it was not rosacea but neurodermitis. 

    16. Jonesy says his GP said he didn't have rosacea and later went to another physician who diagnosed urticaria. 

    17. RedFacedRedHead says her rosacea turned out to be KP.

    18. cliopatra25 says that for ten years she was misdiagnosed with acne when all the time she had rosacea. 

    19. vicky says "both my sisters was misdiagnosised collectively 10 times... and they have lupus...similar to my brother, he even had 2 positive ANA tests and thedoctor refused to treat him for lupus...... 

    20. Deb says, "I mentioned in another post that for years I was given things that were making the Rosacea worse, like retin-A and cortisone cream. I had mild rosacea then, so was misdiagnosed. For a while they thought it was Lupus since I also maintain a low-positive ANA. Their and my mistakes only made it worse, especially in the past few years." 

    21. Lisa M says, "I suffered from cystitis for years... and had to go on daily antibiotics for it for about 2 years. I also did saw a homeopath at
    the time and changed my lifestyle to no alcohol at all. I didn't know
    it at the time but I had rosacea (sadly totally misdiagnosed by
    several derms). 

    22. Mike says, "I also developed ocular rosacea a couple of years ago, after having facial rosacea for quite a few years. My first opthamologist misdiagnosed it, and treated me for months with steroids (mainly Tobradex) which ended up raising my IOP to a dangerous level. 

    23. Aurelia reports that "A teenage girl was given an "almost certain" diagnosis of ocular rosacea....The symptoms suffered by this girl did NOT match those of ocular rosacea and specialists later came up with a diagnosis of autoimmune Urticarial Vasculitis.

    24. Kerry reports that "I have found out today that I was yet again misdiagnosed and I don't have rosacea I have Lupus." 

    25. Sarah Smart says, "I am 12 weeks pregnant and my rosecea fulmins was horribly misdiagnosed by my derm (as shingles if you can imagine) and I spent 5 days in the hospital before they figured it out."Report.

    26. Kerry says, "I was misdiagnosed for 4 yrs by my gp as I have pretty severepsorisis on 60% of my body and scalp. They gave me a really strong steroid which has made my skin worse on my face.although it kept it under control. I found out 3 weeks ago i have rossacea and they
    stopped my steroids so my face has had a major eruption." 

    27. Ellen says, "my rosacea related blepharitis was misdiagnosed as seb derm." 

    28. sand7676 says, "I was misdiagnosed with acne I believe because of my skin tone. 

    29. Francois says that three derms diagnosed he had 'vascular dilation' and the last one said he had " 'Sebore' in Turkish. I looked at internet and I think it means 'Seborrhe'." 

    30. Kevin Forest says, "I've recently been diagnosed with rosacea after being misdiagnosed for ~2.5 years (errrrrr! derm aggerssion)."

    31. Joe says, "I've been misdiagnosed by numerous dermatologists who
    were in disbelieft that I would have rosacea at such a young age and
    assumed it was merely acne."

    32. Suzi LeBaron says, "I was misdiagnosed because it looked like
    rosacea -- including occular symptoms."

    33. Mike Lester says, "they called it seborrheic dermatitis, maybe rosacea. to be honest no one knew. many blood tests for lupus or something....Ive been going to doctors and doctors for my facial redness that ive had for over a year now. Well, they seem to have diagnosed me with ROSACEA!!!....I was checked for everything, lupus's, mastocytosis, carcinoids, tumors on the kidneys, brain tumors, and much, much more, some things some doctors have never even heard of. but it turns out i was misdiagnosed by the Mayo Clinic from the start, so we didnt need to go through months and months of stress, depression(which by the way i go to a psychologist now and am on PROZAC too).

    34. Stuart Clark says, "I too waited months for an appointment (on two separate occasions) and she completely misdiagnosed me." 

    35. Carol Voigt says, "I, too, was "misdiagnosed" for many years."

    36. Jeff says, "I got misdiagnosed by my previous dermatologist...So he gave me a steroid to apply twice a day, which of course, did not help. And by the time I had diagnosable rosacea..." 

    37. Eddie O'Neill says, "She said that I did NOT have bacterial conjunctivitis and had been misdiagnosed..."

    38. Chantal says, "in my early 20's (around 22-23), and was misdiagnosed for years (about 5) until the correct diagnosis of rosacea was made."

    39. Heather says, "My facial rosacea was misdiagnosed for MANY years (mainly an acne component with some redness)..."

    40. Jay Valof says, "2yrs ago i had septoplasty (deviated septum) nose surgery. soon after developed symptoms, was misdiagnosed as having asthma/allergy. 2 months ago derm. said in had rosacea..."

    41. jesseleigh says, " I just found out about a week ago I have rosacea, have been misdiagnosed with atopic dermatitis for ten years." 

    42. yoli says, "I was misdiagnosed for 2 years they thought I had dermatitis but in reality i don't itch but burn.... it took me 6 dermatologist in order to get diagnosed with Rosacea." 

    43. beecham says, "I was diagnosed in December 2007 with pustular rosacea by my new doctor, I was on oxytetracycline for about a year before with my previous doctor who had misdiagnosed me with perioral 
    dermatitis.... "

    44. LoriB says, "When I saw my general doctor while waiting for an appointment with a derm he misdiagnosed me as having acne vulgaris. He told me I don't have rosacea because my cheeks aren't red." 

    45. jodieginger says, "I was repeatedly misdiagnosed as having dermatitis and none of the derms seemed to care that I simultaneously had blepharitis simultaneously. "

    46. mineren says, "I have adult acne in addition to rosacea and
    was misdiagnosed a couple of times. "

    47. mythjedi says, "She stated that I had "contact dermatitis" and gave me doxycycline....but it wasn't long before transient, big, patchy red blotches began to form on my face and chest....I discovered that I was allergic to these pills, and I stopped taking them.... I have been
    off of the pills for six months...I went to a dermatologist and was diagnosed with rosacea..."

    48. Yvonne says, "My SD was misdiagnosed as rosacea." 

    49. Cassie Henderson says, "I was misdiagnosed by a blind derm and used hydrocotizone for three months. My rosacea went from a splotty red blotch on one cheek to an all over the face red hue very bumpy dry and ruddy looking. I then went to a derm who wasn't legally blind and started using metrogel and minocycline which helped for awhile."

    50. Keith on 07.15.09 at 12:43 pm says, "...I went to a highly accomplished and respected doctor in my area who diagnosed it as Rosacea so I guess thats what it is. Other Derms have said sundamage, Folliculitis, so it is still uncertain to me..." Scroll down to Comment # 91

    51. Lori said her acne was diagnosed as rosacea which later turned out to be also seborrhoeic dermatitis after she had taken Oracea for over a month. She was switched to Doxycycline at a higher dose and Finacea. See Comments #68, #84, #89, #93, #107, #114, #117, #123.

    52. raly says, ..."I've been "diagnosed" at different times as it being rosacea, folliculitis, sebderm or possibly just acne from both GPs and a dermatologist..." Scroll down to Post #9

    53. dan pacifik says, ".... After a second trip to the doctors, my doctor seemed to think it was rosacea so she prescribed me metro cream 0.75%....…I think! I pretty much used this for about 8 months....I went back to my doctor about this and she said it looked more like acne on my forehead....I am however skeptical over my doctors and derms diagnosis..." 

    54. kfoltz9 says, "I am a 25 year old female with what appears to be perioral dermatisis around my mouth. My family history only consists of Psoryasis and I have not had a personal experience with this. I am currently on Effexor XR. I use Aveda sensitive skin facial cleanser which does not contain any Petrolatum. I have not introduced any new cosmetic products into my regimen. The dermatologist I went to yesterday about this month-old rash (I have had one previous occurence, only less intense) did not even inspect the rash, asked me if I blushed easily or often (I do not, and told him that) and diagnosed Rosacea in about 3 seconds. 

    55. siliconmessiah says, "...I first went to the doctor on a "drop-in"-visit. One of them (a really shitty doctor actually) prescribed cortisone cream for my problems - I took it for a couple of weeks with no signs of getting better. I returned to a new doctor, a really good one I might add...she diagnosed me in one minute under the light of a lamp..." Scroll down to post #2

    56. brighteyes says, "It took me approximately 3 years (and 6 derms) to get an official diagnosis...." Scroll down to post #3

    57. Mistica says, "...So in my case, rosacea wasn't recognised immediately and even 10 and a half years on from the orginal diagnosis, the 'diagnosis' is continuing in some ways. It looks like rosacea ( no missing that!!) and it behaves like rosacea, ... but is it just Rosacea?..." Scroll down to post #8

    58. IJDVL reports, "Subsequently, the initial diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis was revised by the ophthalmologists to ocular rosacea." *

    59. A 32-year-old woman had developed moderate swelling, erythema and papules of the central part of her face for 8 weeks. She started to apply various topical cosmetic products sold for acne that did not help. As one of her hobbies was outdoor biking she noticed that sun exposure aggravated her skin condition, also resulting in burning and stinging sensations. She consulted her general practitioner who prescribed prednicarbat cream for topical application on the affected regions. Whereas she observed a slight improvement of the skin condition during the first week, she later on suddenly developed a severe worsening with erythema, papules and many pustules. She presented to a dermatologist and was diagnosed with "steroid rosacea". She went off the steroid, started topical treatment with metronidazole 1% and oral treatment with metronidazole 500 mg twice daily for 2 weeks. After an initial worsening during the first 3 days the skin condition rapidly improved. She continued metronidazole 500 mg once daily for another 2 weeks and then stopped. The topical treatment was continued twice daily for altogether 4 weeks and then reduced to once daily for another 4 weeks. Besides, she applied sun screen whenever she was outside. She continued intermittent topical use of metronidazole 1%. She remained free of symptoms except of an intermittent slight centrofacial erythema. See case report #1 

    60. A 39-year-old woman was referred to a dermatology department because of worsening of her known rosacea. She had been suffering from rosacea for 3 years. After initial, short-term and intermittent oral therapy with tetracycline for periods of up to 3 weeks she had continued topical treatment with tretinoin without any problems for the last months. Suddenly, she developed an erythema of the face accompanied by strong burning that increased in the evening, decreased over night and was moderate at day time. She discontinued topical tretinoin therapy because she felt that the symptoms were caused by it. She presented to a dermatologist with a sharp erythema of the whole face with only solitary papules and pustules. Due to the patient's history and the clinical finding contact allergy was suspected. Patch testing revealed a sensitisation to cocamidopropyl betaine, a surfactant that is frequently added to shampoos and skin cleansing products. This substance could be identified in her skin cleanser. When she discontinued this product, the symptoms disappeared and the patient could continue her topical treatment.
    We recommend to precisely ask patients about all the topical drugs and cosmetics they use including skin cleansing products. Contact allergy can also occur in rosacea patients and may mislead patients and physicians. See Case Report #3

    61. A 56-year-old diabetic man presented erythematous papules and pustules on the neck and face who had developed since 3 months. He had been treated with topical corticosteroids for the same time period that resulted in progressive exacerbation. He additionally showed patches of hair loss in the beard area, erythema and scaling of the ears. Among various differential diagnoses the clinical picture reminded of stage II rosacea. Microscopial examination and culturing revealed Microsporum canis. He was diagnosed tinea incognito, a term that has been used to describe dermatophyte infections modified by corticosteroid treatment.
    This case report demonstrates that there is a number of other skin diseases that can mimic rosacea. (see Case Report #7)
    Gorani A, Schiera A, Oriani A: Case Report. Rosacea-like Tinea incognito. Mycoses 2002; 45: 135-137. 

    62. A Case of Precursor B-cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Misdiagnosed as Rosacea
    Han EC, Kim DY, Chung JY, Chung HJ, Chung KY.
    Korean J Dermatol. 2008 Feb;46(2):264-267

    63. Pete says, "...Had previously been misdiagnosed by my G.P. Had been treated with steroid creams for eczema...."

    64. shakti says, "...I had a horrible rash on my face which the Dr. (dermatologist) even took pictures of, but he said it was rosacea....Then a neurologist said I could have some sort of mild m.S..... I've recently had a "rosacea flare" swelling and redness around my eyes and upper cheeks, the tiredness has returned and so has pain in my bladder and gi tract...."

    65. belinda says, "After being misdiagnosed for 7 years, I had almost given up hope." published April 8, 2008

    66. mmee says, "...just wanted to say after many years of suffering with depression and social anxity because of a red face and not being able to get any information out of 3 dermatologists and about 5 GPs (they just said it was 'normal') . I've found out from a link on this website it must be Keratosis pilaris rubra faceii..." 

    67. Gem says, "A couple of months ago I developed a rash on my forehead and weas gicven a steroid cream for it that seemed to keep it under controlfor a while, then around 3 weeks ago it spread and looked angry, I went to the doctor who said it was acne the cream I was given just aggravated it, so I went back and was given another cream by a different doctor who still thought it was acne... this again aggravated it, so I started looking on the net for other ideas or medications that could help. I tried coconut oil and aloe vera topical and ingested, another trip to the GP I was given Tetracycline oral antibiotic but it was something like a 3 month course, ....I went to my doctor again today as my self treatment wasn't doing any good and I was told it looks like rosacea I've been given metronidazole gel and I've started the Tetracycline oral antibiotics again...." 

    68. ssaeed says, "...He diagnosed me initially with Seb Derm and prescribed Desonide cream for 3 weeks. I noticed my skin got a lot better and softer during this treatment although towards the end of the treatment I started getting small pus filled acne bumps on my nose and cheek, about the size of a pore. When I saw the doc after the 3 week Desonide treatment he told me I may have symptoms of Rosacea and started me off on a treatment of Metrogel once a day and Oracea once a day in the morning." 

    69. Ladonna says, "...my husband took me to the dermatologist and she said it was Rosacea and couldnt be anything but....So he took me to many doctors, and finally a wonderful doctor took a shot in the dark blood test and discovered my problem. Later more involved tests and scans confirmed it. I was Hyperthyroid...specifically Graves Disease..."

    70. DylanG says, "... I finally got an appointment with a dermatologist for my rosacea. After waiting about half a year, I go to the appointment. The dermatologist walks in, doesn't even look at my face and says "There's nothing I can do about redness. Some people just have red skin". Then, to top it off, he gave me cream for acne - something which I could care less about - that has the side effect of making your face red. I was out of his office in practically two minutes with about twenty tiny tubes of acne medication I had no need for. ..." Scroll to Post #22

    71. Donna says, "I got results back from labs and xray..i do NOT have sarcoidosis…but still not sure what i have …i have granulomas popping out on parts of my body and my face is still not clear. I am going to a conference of doctors on the 16th to get their opinions. I was originally diagnosed with Granulomateous rosacea so lets see what opinions i get." Post #146

    72. liangjuany says, "I saw another doctor today and was told what I had was not rosacea but pityriasis rosea instead." 

    73. huiness says, "another derms who told me I had acne, or folliculitis etc. When I finally decided to go back to Derm #2, he then diagnosed me with rosacea.....went to Derm #14809348. He agreed with the rosacea diagnosis but said that this was probably steroid induced...."

    74. mrsmoof says, "1st dermatologist thought I had dermititis.....Well, I went to a 2nd dermatologist and told her my story, symptoms.....within minutes she said it was Rosacea...." Scroll to Post #43 

    75. "My wife was diagosed by a local Dermatologist as having Rocacea. He only did a visual inspection without any actual skin testing. He was sure it was Rocacea and prescribed an expensive cream which she would have to use for who knows how many years. Luckily she had a severe reaction to the cream, and discontinued it. She visitited her home country of Russia and was treated by a specialist. He told her she didn’t have Rocacea but had Demodex. She had one treatment by the doctor and her face is still clear after 6 months. Always get a second opinion." J Noble on 01.12.10 at 7:11 am Post #215 

    76. spuggylegs says, "I think it took about 10 mins for a NHS dermatologist to tell me that I didnt have rosacea. She looked at my skin said there was no visible erythema or papules and pustules to suggest rosacea, and that I needed to stop "reading stuff on the internet". I had to actually ask for a blood test to rule out lupus etc!!!!! I asked my GP if he could send me for a second opinion but he refused. The problem is that there is a lot of inequality in the NHS...and as someone who lives in a deprived area, healthcare is usually not as good as those who live in more affluent areas. (but thats another story). Well I still carried on "reading stuff on the internet" : ) and decided the only way forward was to go private..even though i couldnt really afford it. So travelled from the north east to London, and got so stressed, as we got lost a few times, and London is not the friendliest of places. By the time I had got to see the derm I was having a major flush....so after reading my medical notes, asking about family members who may have rosacea,, symptons, and looking at my skin, he diagnosed rosacea. From what i can remember the consultation lasted about 30 mins." Scroll to Post #50

    77. Rachelle C says, "My doctor diagnosed me with rosacea, delusional paristosis. The medications for these did no good. Then another dermatolgist with an allergist diagnosed me with demodex (skin mite) allergy." Scroll to Post no. 77 on 05.04.10 at 1:00 AM

    78. Girrlock Holmes says, "…I was finally diagnosed hypothyroid, insulin resistant and PCOS, and my doctor also thinks my symptoms fit with fibromyalgia…I saw a dermatologist who said it was not Rosacea but offered no info on what it could be. Then I saw an allergist and he said the derm had no basis for saying it was not Rosacea; it looked like it to him. So you see I have no clear diagnosis. I am waiting for a different derm to see me but it will not be for another 2 months…"

    79. "Terri Flynn, a 63-year-old part-time receptionist from Texas....Two different evaluators told her she had "dry eye" and prescribed artificial tears and various eye medications, while one also suggested she have her bottom eyelids lifted to help retain the moisture in her eyes....She made an appointment with a dermatologist, who "took one look at me and said, 'Yes, it's rosacea." NRS Rosacea Review Spring 2010

    80. GNR reports, "...I was told I had Perioral dermatitis because there was an outbreak near my nose....Began to notice a swelling under my right eye and a red path beneath extending up the temple. It became hot and sensitive and flares when I workout with weights. Told "hmm don't know what that is, it's not rosacea (my fear was that it was) but try rozex cream to see if it goes." It didn't. Didn't change. Had a second opinion. Same as the first. "Don't know, looks like it might be fungul. Leave it until you see a dermatologist." Began to a sore eye, a few pains and watering. Went back to the second opinion to ge this checked was given a scrip for kenocomb ointment for fungus....out of desparation I went to another gp explained the whole story again. He checked the skin, told me it wasn't rosacea that it looked like a fungus infection try Nizoral 2%. Hmmm. Later that day I had an appointment with a new dermatologist who told me that I actually had seborrhec dermatitis...this sounded right as all the systems relate, rash on chest, dry skin in eyebrows, dandruff...funny I'd never connected these things and either had anyone else.
    He then checked the rash thing on the right side of my face and temple and told me it was rosacea. I asked about the pain in the eye, watery, and he said not connected. Gave me a print of what to expect with rosacea and out the door I went..."

    81. comicraven reports, "I had been misdiagnosed for a while - everything from shingles to testing for lupus - and was finally properly diagnosed about 6 months ago..."

    82. koki says, "OK according to dermatologist # 4 , again I dont have rosacea, I explained my symptoms and he said it sounds more like an allergic reaction and when he examined my face he said it was more like eczema/seborrheic dermatitis and gave me some diflucan. ....I am glad most derms say is not rosacea..."

    83. stb09 says, "In May 2004, I developed a pimple on my nose that left a red mark on it for, what must've been a solid YEAR after it cleared up. I was thorougly convinced this was a scar, and went to several dermatologists to find proper treatment. Such begins my ongoing battle (and subsequent HATRED) for all dermatologists.

    The first one I saw told me that it was a mole....
    I sought a second opinion. This one told me it was a scar, and could only be removed by a plasic surgeon. He took my $100, and gave me the number of a plastic surgeon.

    The plastic surgeon (who was once a dermatologist) was convinced it was a pimple still, and simply lanced it and dug around in it, ultimately making it worse....

    The fourth and final dermatologist perscribed me a prescription in January of 2005 for my back acne/oily skin. He agreed with ME that whatever was on my nose was inflammed and most likely a sebacous cyst. He injected it with cortisone, and that made a tremendous difference, and today there's not a mark to be found. This is the same dermatologist that dismissed my concerns of facial redness and never spoke a word about Rosacea in spite of my ruddy complexion that I was, at the time, unaware of....I was at a new branch of my college and went to the local dermatologist to seek treatment. He told me it was probably a scar and gave me the number of a laser surgeon FOUR hours away that "might" be able to help me.

    THIS is the first time a doctor has mentioned the word "Rosacea" to me. He explained that I had a ruddy complexion, and thus, the red spot on my nose was more noticable. He went on to state that people with my complexion "could be candidates for Roscea later in life." and encouraged me to stay out of the sun......I finally decided to see a dermatologist to rule Rosacea in or out so I could get on with my life one way or the other. I went back to the local dermatologist, who had told me that someone with my complexion might be a candidate for Rosacea later in life, and was told absolutely nothing new.

    He once again told me that, maybe I'd have it one day, and maybe not. I asked him if I should try avoiding "triggers" and he said that I shouldn't bother. Because it probably wouldn't help. I asked if there was any treatment, because I've since learned Rosacea is best treated early on. He said that any creams he could give me would most likely not do anything at all for me, and would be a waste of my money. The entire visit was quite ambiguous.

    I asked him what "Pre-rosacea" was, and what the difference was between that, and a normal ruddy complexion. He told me that, in his opinion, there wasn't one. As he considers anyone with a ruddy complexion at risk for developing Rosacea, and THAT he considers to be "pre-Rosacea."

    Before I left, I asked him for a definitive answer one way or the other, and he told me NO, I do not have Rosacea.....To the point of the original thread, I'd like to determine what it is I have. The doctor seems sure it's not Rosacea, but as evidenced by my ongoing battle with Dermatologists prior, I believe if I went to 10 Dermatologists I would receive 10 different opinions. Rosacea, ruddy complexion, acne, allergic rash, facial blushing, too much Niacin, high blood pressure, lupus...

    these people don't know anything, and with no insurance I'm not going to waste $100 a visit to find out precisely nothing.

    84. Ontarian says, "I was diagnosed with seborrheic dermatitis on my face about 5 years ago. The diagnosis was made by a dermatologist. Soon after, the dermatitis completely disappeared for a loooong time. Then, I suddenly got a red patch on my right cheek five years later, more precisely in February of 2006. It has slowly spread to my entire right cheek. It got worse in the summer. This whole time I thought I had seb. dermatitis. My family dr. said my face was dermatitic and prescribed hydrocortisone. It didn’t help. In August of 2006 I went to my dermatologist. This time, he said I had rosacea. I was shocked. I was not flushing like crazy (except maybe when I played soccer in +35 C degrees outside). My symptoms started as a small red patch on my right cheek, this could not be rosacea. I went to see another dermatologist (an old dude who thinks rosacea is a proper diagnosis only when your face is swollen like a balloon and when you are covered with pustules).
    So, now I have two doctors thinking I don’t have rosacea, and one doctor thinking I do." Posted: Tue Oct 17, 2006 1:34 pm (scroll down to find the post)

    85. Jen says, "Since I have stopped the med I was diagnosed with Perioral Dermititis and now as of yesteday the derm tells me I have acne.....The derm said I have almost all the face disorders (rosacea, acne, perioral dermititis, seb derm)....

    86. jhelli1 says, "I've been to four different doctors in the past and have gotten four different diagnosis. The last one was rosacea. Yesterday, I went to a fifth doctor and was told that I have..........eczema!

    87. fedup says, "....I went to this dermatologist maybe 2-3 times a year over about a 4 year period, every appointment he seemed to have absolutely no idea what was going on, or what he had prescribed/said the last time, he took a look at my scalp, says "its folliculitus" (the way he said it, every time, was as if it was a breakthrough and he figured out some giant mystery, even though he said the same thing last time....and sent me home with a prescription for Ceftin 500mg 2x a day for 2 weeks (insanely strong antibiotic, I know now..).....Made an appointment with a new dermatologist (roughly 2 years ago), after explaining the antibiotic fiasco, he told me my old doctor probably shouldnt be practicing medicine. He took about 10 seconds to diagnose me, looked at my scalp, and simply said "you have inflammatory rosacea."

    88. mutantfrog says, "...I always grumble to myself about rosacea...but if it turns out that I never had rosacea but instead have had an autoimmune disorder...well it's scary I'd rather take rosacea. I swear to god I'll never complain about 'rosacea' again..." Post #10 22nd July 2010, 07:40 PM

    89. quixotic_pessimist says, "Anyway, I had been seeing a dermatologist during this time period for acne that I have had for about 3 years, and he never mentioned anything about the red complexion of my nose. One time I voiced my concerns, and he pretty much dismissed them, saying that he didn't think my nose looked red. During my last meeting with him, I was a bit more belligerent (in that I brought up the grievances that I have with my red nose a few times). He then nonchalantly throws out that it is possible that I have Rosacea. How is it that I had been visiting this doctor for 3 years with the same red nose, but it is not until now that he suggests that I might have Rosacea? I don't get it."

    90. CHI_GUY says, "...First doc said, sebborhea/eczema. He gave me many different things, to list a few....Second doc, new one, diagnosed perioral derm. She gave me tetracycline. 500mg x2/day for the first month. She exclaimed that the previous doctor was treating the wrong thing, because I brought all my old meds in to show her...."

    91. Natasha says, "I have just been diagnosed with Rosacea....a week ago the doctor wrongly diagnosed excema..."

    92. hesperidianblue says, " I was going to 7 dermatologist till 2 of them agreed that is rosacea other wasn`t shore what is it often they thought it was atopic dermatitis."

    93. misdiagnosed says, "During this whole ordeal, I have seen a dermatologist (in OH) 2x. THe first time she tried to convince me it was “in my head” and reluctantly prescribed an antibiotic for adult acne. 8 weeks later, she seemed a little more open to the fact that it could be demodex and prescribed metrogel. Last week, I asked for metronidozale in a pill format because the lotion only does so much. She agreed to call it in. It is helping, but I have good and bad days, depending on the “hatching” cycle." #385 misdiagnosed on 10.08.10 at 12:45 AM

    94. Maureen says, "I have had this now for about I would say 2 years when I was told I had rosacea and lupus. Now a new dermatologist tells me no it's dermographism,..."

    95. francois can says, "I just cant believe. Today I went to see a derm. She looked at my face closely with a tool like a magnifier and said I misdiagnosed myself. She said rosacea has 4 components and someone has to have at least 3 of them to be diagnosed rosacea.....She said I have a
    condition associated with neurovascular dilaiton..."

    96. LarsMM says, "...First I went to a regular doctor and even though he ran a few tests he couldn't tell me wheat the problem was. He told me I shouldn't worry since the redness was at that time "barley noticeable". At the end of the third summer (2010) I went to another doctor and got the same response. After this visit I got somewhat frustrated since I was well aware that I had not been this red a few years earlier, as a result I started reading online and came across rosacea. I got an appointment with a dermatologist and she confirmed that I had stage one rosacea...."

    97. 444 says, "...my doctor has failed on many occasions to diagnose me properly probably due to my young age at the time and has disregarded any possiblilty of rosacea since the beggining....'

    98. claire says, "...I am 34 years old and I was wrongly diagnosed 7 years ago. I have gradually seen since then my skin get progressively worse, it is now in its advanced stages. ..." #41 claire on 05.16.09 at 8:16 PM

    99. Rachelle C says, "My doctor diagnosed me with rosacea, delusional paristosis. The medications for these did no good. Then another dermatolgist with an allergist diagnosed me with demodex (skin mite) allergy. Since I have very many allergies, this was a good bet. I treat itchy and red areas with tea tree oil and have managed to reielve my problem almost completely. The dermatologist also thinks a monthly treament with Kwellada-P would help further." #76 Rachelle C. on 05.04.10 at 1:00 AM

    100. findingaway says, "So I am no further forward...I still don't really know what it is I'm dealing with... Rosacea, SD, KP. All?" 

    101. Just an update and to show the importance of knowing what you have, I saw a Rosacea specialist with 20 years of treating and research under his belt, and made the appointment saying "Trying to treat Rosacea" as the reason. The second I came in he was confused and wondered where the Rosacea patient was. He looked at me and told me I absolutely do not have Rosacea, he's seen thousands of cases over decades and it's simply not it. And it's not caused by being choked, ever. It was thinned skin due to Steroid Creams, and thankfully, he caught that because the General Practitioner who 'diagnosed' me with Rosacea prescribed steroid cream. The most alarming was that the general practitioner gave me Metrogel which I understand is meant to help Pimples, and I have absolutely zero of those. AlenaCena post no 68

    102. I've been to dermatologists in three different countries starting when I was 16, and I'm now 41. When I first started going to them, they didn't know a lot about eczema and dermatitis and the treatment course was antibiotics and cortozone creams. (Not much has changed) Even then I knew foods and hormones were triggers or the cause of the skin eruptions. I've had dermatologists tell me it's not rosacea and dermatologists tell me it is. One things for certain out of the more than 30 dermatologists I've seen in my life time, no two have had the same things to say. However last time I was at one, she did look up patronizing and say, yes we now know hormones can affect eczema...as if her telling me that made a whit of difference to what I have already known. In the UK, where they have now said it is rosacea, I have had no other tests. The dermatologists I've seen refuse to accept other countries diagnosis of food allergies. They refuse to take into consideration what I'm saying, about my upper eye lid cracking (it's been cracking there my whole life, so much so I've a deep scar) and the bubbling around my eyes, and over my brows. In the end, I think a they've learnt mo about the what some skin problems are, they seem to have bunched the rest as rosacea. Which appears to me to be a blanket term, covering a huge amount of things. Melania post no 66

    103. I had a misdiagnosed case of demodex for many years. It was misdiagnosed as bacterial acne/hormonal acne and "allergic conjunctivitis". None of the treatment my 4 dermatologists prescribed ever worked. It turned into a really bad case of ocular rosacea. Early this year, I took the 2 week Oral Ivermectin + Oral Metronidazole treatment. It worked. ElaineA post no 2 

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    • Dermatologie (Heidelb). 2023 Mar 7. doi: 10.1007/s00105-023-05123-8. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Dermoscopy is an easily accessible, noninvasive diagnostic tool, originally used in the differentiation of benign and malignant skin tumors. Other structures beside pigment content observed by dermoscopy, e.g., scaling, follicles, or vessels, may present in a specific pattern in different dermatoses. Recognition of these patterns may aid the diagnosis of inflammatory and infectious dermatological conditions. The aim of this article is to review the distinct dermoscopic features of granulomatous and autoimmune skin diseases. Diagnosis of granulomatous skin disorders is based on the histopathological examination. The dermoscopic picture of these diseases (cutaneous sarcoidosis, granuloma annulare, necrobiosis lipoidica, and granulomatous rosacea) show many similarities; however, there are some differences to note between the dermatoses, mainly in granuloma annulare. The cornerstones of the diagnostic process of autoimmune skin diseases (morphea, systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus) include the clinical picture, immunoserology, and histology; however, dermoscopy may aid the diagnostic process and follow-up of the patients. For those diseases, where vascular abnormalities play an important role in the pathogenesis, videocapillaroscopy is used for examination of the microcirculation at the nailfold capillaries. Dermoscopy can be an easy-to-use everyday diagnostic tool in clinical practice regarding granulomatous and autoimmune skin diseases. Although punch biopsy is inevitable in many cases, the distinct dermoscopic structures can aid the diagnostic process. PMID:36881125 | DOI:10.1007/s00105-023-05123-8 {url} = URL to article
    • Front Pharmacol. 2023 Feb 15;14:1037925. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1037925. eCollection 2023. ABSTRACT TRPV1 is a non-selective channel receptor widely expressed in skin tissues, including keratinocytes, peripheral sensory nerve fibers and immune cells. It is activated by a variety of exogenous or endogenous inflammatory mediators, triggering neuropeptide release and neurogenic inflammatory response. Previous studies have shown that TRPV1 is closely related to the occurrence and/or development of skin aging and various chronic inflammatory skin diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, herpes zoster, allergic contact dermatitis and prurigo nodularis. This review summarizes the structure of the TRPV1 channel and discusses the expression of TRPV1 in the skin as well as its role of TRPV1 in skin aging and inflammatory skin diseases. PMID:36874007 | PMC:PMC9975512 | DOI:10.3389/fphar.2023.1037925 {url} = URL to article
    • Indian J Dermatol. 2022 Sep-Oct;67(5):625. doi: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_353_21. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Thirty per cent supramolecular salicylic acid (SSA) is a water-soluble, sustained release salicylic acid (SA) modality, which is well tolerated by sensitive skin. Anti-inflammatory therapy plays an important role in papulopustular rosacea (PPR) treatment. SSA at a 30% concentration has a natural antiinflammatory property. AIMS: This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of 30% SSA peeling for PPR treatment. METHODS: Sixty PPR patients were randomly divided into two groups: SSA group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases). Patients of the SSA group were treated with 30% SSA peeling three times every 3 weeks. Patients in both groups were instructed to topically apply 0.75% metronidazole gel twice daily. Transdermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration and erythema index were assessed after 9 weeks. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients completed the study. The improvement of erythema index in the SSA group was significantly better than that in the control group. No significant difference was found in terms of TEWL between the two groups. The content of skin hydration in both the groups increased, but there was no statistical significance. No severe adverse events were observed in both the groups. CONCLUSION: SSA can significantly improve the erythema index and overall appearance of skin in rosacea patients. It has a good therapeutic effect, good tolerance and high safety. PMID:36865859 | PMC:PMC9971792 | DOI:10.4103/ijd.ijd_353_21 {url} = URL to article
    • Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Mar 3;102(9):e33023. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000033023. ABSTRACT Rosacea is a chronic erythematous disease with telangiectasia that affects the central area of the face. However, because of the ambiguity in the pathophysiology of rosacea, its treatment has not been clearly elucidated; therefore, new therapeutic options need to be developed. Gyejibokryeong-hwan (GBH) is widely used in clinical practice for various blood circulation disorders, including hot flushes. Therefore, we explored the potential pharmaceutical mechanism of GBH on rosacea and investigated the therapeutic points exclusive to GBH through comparative analysis with chemical drugs recommended in 4 guidelines for rosacea based on network analysis. The active compounds in GBH were identified, and the proteins targeted by these compounds and the genes related to rosacea were searched. Additionally, the proteins targeted by the guideline drugs were also searched to compare their effects. And the pathway/term analysis of common genes was conducted. Ten active compounds were obtained for rosacea. There were 14 rosacea-related genes targeted by GBH, with VEGFA, TNF, and IL-4, which were suggested as core genes. The pathway/term analysis of the 14 common genes revealed that GBH could potentially act on rosacea via 2 pathways: the "interleukin 17 signaling pathway" and the "neuroinflammatory response." Comparison and analysis of the protein targets between GBH and guideline drugs revealed that only GBH separately acts on the "vascular wound healing pathway." GBH has the potential to act on IL-17 signaling pathway, neuroinflammatory response and vascular wound healing pathway. Further studies are needed to determine the potential mechanism of GBH in rosacea. PMID:36862896 | PMC:PMC9981404 | DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000033023 {url} = URL to article
    • Eur J Dermatol. 2022 Nov 1;32(6):716-723. doi: 10.1684/ejd.2022.4358. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Contact hypersensitivity or Demodex mite infestation is commonly reported in patients with rosacea. However, the associations and clinical implications of these two phenomena are poorly described in the literature. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the association between clinical characteristics, contact sensitization profiles, and Demodex mite infestation in patients with rosacea. MATERIALS & METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 189 patients diagnosed with rosacea, and categorized the patients into a rosacea-contact hypersensitivity or rosacea-non-contact hypersensitivity group. RESULTS: The rosaceacontact hypersensitivity group had older age (median: 45.5 vs. 37.0 years; p = 0.006), a higher frequency of itching (63.0% vs. 45.1%; p = 0.040), and a higher Demodex mite density (15.0/cm2 vs. 7.0/cm2; p = 0.002) than the rosacea-non-contact hypersensitivity group. Nickel sensitization was correlated with a higher Demodex mite density, female sex, and papulopustular subtype of rosacea. Based on the multivariate regression model, a favourable clinical outcome was correlated with nickel sensitization alone (odds ratio: 2.20, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-4.81). CONCLUSION: Patients with rosacea and contact hypersensitivity showed distinctive clinical features and a higher Demodex mite density. The association between nickel sensitization, Demodex mite infestation, and treatment response may reflect the role of allergen-specific TH polarization in the pathogenesis of rosacea. PMID:36856381 | DOI:10.1684/ejd.2022.4358 {url} = URL to article
    • Aesthet Surg J. 2023 Mar 1:sjad044. doi: 10.1093/asj/sjad044. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In the aesthetic clinical practice, botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is best known for its use as a neuromodulator for the treatment of dynamic facial lines; however, when injected intradermally as microdroplets, BoNT-A can improve skin quality and overall skin appearance. OBJECTIVES: To discuss key aspects of microtoxin use in clinical practice and provide expert guidance on use. METHODS: As part of a Continuing Medical Education (CME) lecture series and roundtable, the authors discussed key aspects of microtoxin patient selection, injection technique, and safety. RESULTS: The experiences of expert faculty are shared here. Clinical experience is consistent with reported data. Microtoxin can be used to reduce pore size, sebum production, rosacea, acne, and fine lines, and to improve jawline and neck definition. Intradermal injection can also be used for the improvement of transverse neck lines as well as for the safe prevention and management of scars and keloids. CONCLUSIONS: Expanding the use of BoNT-A, a predictable, minimally invasive, and affordable treatment to address commonly encountered complaints, is appealing. The authors have found that making patients aware of microtoxin as a treatment option results in increased interest, increased use of BoNT-A, and high satisfaction among appropriately selected patients. PMID:36857534 | DOI:10.1093/asj/sjad044 {url} = URL to article
    • Front Microbiol. 2023 Feb 10;14:1108661. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1108661. eCollection 2023. ABSTRACT Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disorder of uncertain etiology that mainly affects the centrofacial region, including cheeks, nose, chin, forehead, and eyes. The pathogenesis of rosacea remains unclear because it involves several complex factors. Additionally, the potential treatment methods need to be explored. We reviewed the common bacterial species in the skin microbiota and gut microbiota of rosacea patients such as Demodex folliculorum, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus oleronius, Cutibacterium acnes, and Helicobacter pylori and identified their role in the pathogenesis. Besides, we summarized the influence factors such as temperature and age on rosacea patients. We also systematically reviewed the commonly used clinical treatment methods, including antibiotics, probiotics. as well as their treatment mechanism and application precautions. PMID:36846769 | PMC:PMC9950749 | DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1108661 {url} = URL to article
    • J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2023 Feb-Mar;35(1):88-94. doi: 10.55519/JAMC-01-11442. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cosmetics have been a part of routine body care not only for the upper classes but also for the middle and lower classes since the dawn of civilization. Cosmetic formulations are in more demand as the public's interest in skin whitening grows. The contamination of cosmetics with heavy metals is a major concern as they containing heavy metals and pose a major risk to human health. This study looks in to the effects of Lead on human skin. METHODS: In this cross sectional study different products were examined. The matrices (scalp hair, blood, serum and nails) of reference and dermatitis cosmetic female patients (seborrhoeic dermatitis, rosacea, allergic contact dermatitis, and irritant contact dermatitis) and cosmetic samples were used in a 2:1 mixture of HNO3 (65%) and H2O2 (30%), and oxidation was performed using a microwave. The oxidized beauty and biological specimen underwent electrothermal atomic emission spectrophotometry after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity and precision of the methodology were verified using certified reference materials. Cosmetic products (lipstick, face powder, Eye Liner and Eye shadow) of different brands contain Pb concentrations in the ranges of 50.5-120 μg/g, 14.6-30.7 μg/g, 2.87-4.25 μg/g and 15.3-21.6 μg/g, respectively. RESULTS: In the present study, cosmetic products (lipstick (N=15), face powder (N=13), eye liner (N=11), eye shadow (N=15) and female patients with dermatitis (N=252) residing in Hyderabad city, Sindh, Pakistan, was investigated. The outcome of this investigation showed significantly higher levels of Pb in biological samples (blood and scalp hair) of different types of female dermatitis patients than in reference subjects (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The cosmetic products, especially with regard to heavy metals adulteration, are in use by the female population. PMID:36849384 | DOI:10.55519/JAMC-01-11442 {url} = URL to article
    • Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 17;24(4):4039. doi: 10.3390/ijms24044039. ABSTRACT Melatonin is the main hormone that regulates the sleep cycle, and it is mostly produced by the pineal gland from the amino acid tryptophan. It has cytoprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Melatonin is also one of the most powerful natural antioxidants, directly acting on free radicals and the intracellular antioxidant enzyme system. Furthermore, it participates in antitumor activity, hypopigmentation processes in hyperpigmentary disorders, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating activity in inflammatory dermatoses, maintaining the integrity of the epidermal barrier and thermoregulation of the body. Due predominantly to its positive influence on sleep, melatonin can be used in the treatment of sleep disturbances for those with chronic allergic diseases accompanied by intensive itching (such as atopic dermatitis and chronic spontaneous urticaria). According to the literature data, there are also many proven uses for melatonin in photoprotection and skin aging (due to melatonin's antioxidant effects and role in preventing damage due to DNA repair mechanisms), hyperpigmentary disorders (e.g., melasma) and scalp diseases (such as androgenic alopecia and telogen effluvium). PMID:36835450 | PMC:PMC9967801 | DOI:10.3390/ijms24044039 {url} = URL to article
    • Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 18;24(4):4135. doi: 10.3390/ijms24044135. ABSTRACT cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) functions as a prototypical stimulus-inducible transcription factor (TF) that initiates multiple cellular changes in response to activation. Despite pronounced expression in mast cells (MCs), CREB function is surprisingly ill-defined in the lineage. Skin MCs (skMCs) are critical effector cells in acute allergic and pseudo-allergic settings, and they contribute to various chronic dermatoses such as urticaria, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, psoriasis, prurigo, rosacea and others. Using MCs of skin origin, we demonstrate herein that CREB is rapidly phosphorylated on serine-133 upon SCF-mediated KIT dimerization. Phosphorylation initiated by the SCF/KIT axis required intrinsic KIT kinase activity and partially depended on ERK1/2, but not on other kinases such as p38, JNK, PI3K or PKA. CREB was constitutively nuclear, where phosphorylation occurred. Interestingly, ERK did not translocate to the nucleus upon SCF activation of skMCs, but a fraction was present in the nucleus at baseline, and phosphorylation was prompted in the cytoplasm and nucleus in situ. CREB was required for SCF-facilitated survival, as demonstrated with the CREB-selective inhibitor 666-15. Knock-down of CREB by RNA interference duplicated CREB's anti-apoptotic function. On comparison with other modules (PI3K, p38 and MEK/ERK), CREB was equal or more potent at survival promotion. SCF efficiently induces immediate early genes (IEGs) in skMCs (FOS, JUNB and NR4A2). We now demonstrate that CREB is an essential partaker in this induction. Collectively, the ancient TF CREB is a crucial component of skMCs, where it operates as an effector of the SCF/KIT axis, orchestrating IEG induction and lifespan. PMID:36835547 | PMC:PMC9966046 | DOI:10.3390/ijms24044135 {url} = URL to article
    • J Clin Med. 2023 Feb 19;12(4):1649. doi: 10.3390/jcm12041649. ABSTRACT Infestation with Demodex mites is a common occurrence, especially in adults and the elderly. More recent attention has been paid to the presence of Demodex spp. mites in children, even ones without comorbidities. It causes both dermatological and ophthalmological problems. The presence of Demodex spp. is often asymptomatic, thus it is suggested to include parasitological investigation tests in dermatological diagnostics, in addition to bacteriological analysis. Literature reports show that Demodex spp. are related to the pathogenesis of numerous dermatoses, including rosacea or demodicosis gravis, and common eye pathologies reported by patients such as dry eye syndrome or ocular surface inflammatory conditions, such as blepharitis, chalazia, Meibomian gland dysfunction, and keratitis. Treatment of patients is a challenge and is usually prolonged, therefore it is important to carefully diagnose and properly select the therapy regimen for the treatment to be successful, and with minimal side effects, especially for young patients. Apart from the use of essential oils, research is ongoing for new alternative preparations active against Demodex sp. Our review was focused on the analysis of the current literature data on the available agents in the treatment of demodicosis in adults and children. PMID:36836184 | PMC:PMC9961532 | DOI:10.3390/jcm12041649 {url} = URL to article
    • Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2023 Feb 24. doi: 10.1111/phpp.12869. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:36825933 | DOI:10.1111/phpp.12869 {url} = URL to article
    • Front Nutr. 2023 Feb 2;10:1092781. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1092781. eCollection 2023. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Despite of growing evidence on gastrointestinal comorbidities of rosacea, there was a lack of literatures regarding the role of diet on rosacea. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet pattern and the risk of incident rosacea. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of government employees aged >20 years conducted between January 2018 and December 2021 from five cities of Hunan province of China. At baseline, participants completed a food frequency questionnaire and participated in a skin examination. Presence of rosacea was determined by certified dermatologists. Subsequent skin examinations during follow-up were performed every one-year interval since the entry of the study. The Mediterranean diet score (MDS) was generated based on seven food groups (whole grains, red meats, fish, raw vegetables, legumes, fruits and nuts). Binary logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders were used to estimate risks for incident rosacea. RESULTS: Of the 3,773 participants who completed at least two consecutive skin examinations, 3,496 were eligible for primary analyses. With a total follow-up of 8,668 person-years, we identified 83 incident rosacea cases. After full adjustments for covariates, the MDS was associated a decreased risk of incident rosacea (aOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.99; P trend = 0.037 for 1-point increment of MDS). In subgroup analyses by body mass index (BMI), this inverse association was consistently observed in the lowest and medium tertiles of BMI (<24.5 kg/m2), but not in the highest tertile of BMI (≥24.5 kg/m2), with a significant interaction effect (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet pattern might reduce the risk of incident rosacea among non-overweight individuals. PMID:36819686 | PMC:PMC9932686 | DOI:10.3389/fnut.2023.1092781 {url} = URL to article
    • J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023 Feb 15:S0190-9622(23)00197-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.01.044. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Patients with refractory erythema of rosacea have limited treatment options. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 12-week course of paroxetine for moderate-to-severe erythema of rosacea. METHODS: In a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, patients with refractory erythema of rosacea were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive paroxetine 25 mg daily or placebo for 12 weeks. RESULTS: Overall, 97 patients completed the study (paroxetine: 49; placebo: 48). The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants achieving Clinical Erythema Assessment (CEA) success (defined as CEA score of 0, 1 or ≥ 2-grade improvement from baseline) at week 12; this was significantly greater in the paroxetine group than in the placebo group (42.9% vs. 20.8%, P=0.02). Some secondary endpoints were met, such as flushing success with point reductions ≥2 (44.9% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.04) and improvement in overall flushing (2.49 ± 3.03 vs. 1.68 ± 2.27, P=0.047), burning sensation (46.9% vs. 18.8%, P=0.003), and depression (P=0.041). The most reported adverse events associated with paroxetine were dizziness, lethargy, nausea, dyspepsia, and muscle tremors. LIMITATIONS: Only a single-dosage regimen of paroxetine within a 12-week study was evaluated. CONCLUSION: Paroxetine is an effective and well-tolerated alternative treatment for moderate-to-severe erythema of rosacea. PMID:36806645 | DOI:10.1016/j.jaad.2023.01.044 {url} = URL to article
    • Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2023 Feb 3;16:339-343. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S400302. eCollection 2023. ABSTRACT Sporotrichosis is a deep fungus infection caused by the Sporothrix. In China, the most common species is Sporothrix globosa which is difficult to treat with most antifungal drugs. Atypical clinical forms of sporotrichosis can be a hinder to clinicians for an early diagnosis and treatment. We report a case of fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis of the face caused by S. globosa in a healthy adult that was initially misdiagnosed as rosacea due to its unusual clinical features. We made an effort to dermoscopically track changes in skin lesions both before and after treatment, confirming that itraconazole was effective in the treatment of sporotrichosis. PMID:36762257 | PMC:PMC9904292 | DOI:10.2147/CCID.S400302 {url} = URL to article
    • Br J Dermatol. 2023 Feb 10;188(2):304-306. doi: 10.1093/bjd/ljac041. NO ABSTRACT PMID:36763873 | DOI:10.1093/bjd/ljac041 {url} = URL to article
    • Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2023 Feb 6;65(1669):21-22. doi: 10.58347/tml.2023.1669c. NO ABSTRACT PMID:36757349 | DOI:10.58347/tml.2023.1669c {url} = URL to article
    • Skin Health Dis. 2022 Nov 17;3(1):e190. doi: 10.1002/ski2.190. eCollection 2023 Feb. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Rosacea is a cutaneous disease that may secondarily affect the ocular surface. Due to the vision threatening, cosmetic, psychological, and work productivity impact, the identification of cellular targets that govern rosacea would enhance our understanding of the biology of the disease and delineate targets for therapeutic manipulation. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the involvement of SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) in the pathogenesis of rosacea. METHODS: Specimens from elective ectropion surgery (n = 20) were processed from patients with rosacea (n = 10) and control patients (n = 10). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative western blotting (WB) were performed to identify and quantify the presence of SHP2 and 4G10 (a phosphotyrosine antibody) in rosacea compared to normal tissue. IHC samples were graded according to an intensity scale (0-4). Mann-Whitney statistical analyses were performed via a dedicated computerized software package. RESULTS: On WB, SHP2 was expressed in higher concentrations in rosacea specimens (p < 0.05). On IHC, SHP2 was enriched in the epidermis in rosacea (p < 0.05), although 4G10 levels were not statistically significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: SHP2 is enriched in cutaneous specimens of rosacea, suggesting a critical role for this protein in the disease and indicating a modifiable therapeutic moiety. PMID:36751313 | PMC:PMC9892417 | DOI:10.1002/ski2.190 {url} = URL to article
    • Skin Health Dis. 2022 Sep 8;3(1):e154. doi: 10.1002/ski2.154. eCollection 2023 Feb. ABSTRACT In this report, we correlated the incidence of rosacea with coffee (regular and decaffeinated) and tea consumption in a large cohort of middle-aged men and women living within the United Kingdom. Caffeinated coffee drinkers had lower odds for rosacea diagnosis compared to non-coffee drinkers. We hypothesize that the vasoconstrictive effects of caffeine in regular coffee overpower the vasodilatory effects associated with hot beverages and support it to be protective against rosacea. PMID:36751326 | PMC:PMC9892423 | DOI:10.1002/ski2.154 {url} = URL to article
    • Cureus. 2023 Jan 3;15(1):e33309. doi: 10.7759/cureus.33309. eCollection 2023 Jan. ABSTRACT Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are commensal human ectoparasites that reside within or near hair follicles and have been highly associated with rosacea-like papulopustular skin eruptions. We present an interesting case of recurrent, iatrogenic demodicosis in a 56-year-old man. We suspect this to have been triggered by antifungal therapy given it occurred twice closely following azole treatment. We propose that oral antifungals in the setting of immunosuppression can alter the skin microbiome, facilitating Demodex proliferation. PMID:36741596 | PMC:PMC9894334 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.33309 {url} = URL to article
    • Front Immunol. 2023 Jan 18;14:955369. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.955369. eCollection 2023. ABSTRACT Interleukin (IL)-18, an interferon-γ inducer, belongs to the IL-1 family of pleiotropic pro-inflammatory factors, and IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) is a native antagonist of IL-18 in vivo, regulating its activity. Moreover, IL-18 exerts an influential function in host innate and adaptive immunity, and IL-18BP has elevated levels of interferon-γ in diverse cells, suggesting that IL-18BP is a negative feedback inhibitor of IL-18-mediated immunity. Similar to IL-1β, the IL-18 cytokine is produced as an indolent precursor that requires further processing into an active cytokine by caspase-1 and mediating downstream signaling pathways through MyD88. IL-18 has been implicated to play a role in psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, and bullous pemphigoid in human inflammatory skin diseases. Currently, IL-18BP is less explored in treating inflammatory skin diseases, while IL-18BP is being tested in clinical trials for other diseases. Thereby, IL-18BP is a prospective therapeutic target. PMID:36742296 | PMC:PMC9889989 | DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2023.955369 {url} = URL to article
    • J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2023 Feb 6. doi: 10.1111/jdv.18918. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) Task Forces (TFs) on Quality of Life (QoL) and Patient-Oriented Outcomes and Acne, Rosacea and Hidradenitis Suppurativa (ARHS) do not recommend the use of any generic instrument as a single method of Health Related (HR) QoL assessment in rosacea, except when comparing quimp (quality of life impairment) in rosacea patients with that in other non-dermatologic skin diseases and/or healthy controls. The EADV TFs on QoL and Patient-Oriented Outcomes and ARHS recommend the use of the dermatology-specific HRQoL instrument the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and the rosacea-specific HRQoL instrument RosaQoL in rosacea patients. The DLQI minimal clinically important difference may be used as a marker of clinical efficacy of the treatment and DLQI score banding of 0 or 1 corresponding to no effect on patients' HRQoL could be an important treatment goal. This information may be added to consensuses and guidelines for rosacea. PMID:36744752 | DOI:10.1111/jdv.18918 {url} = URL to article
    • J Drugs Dermatol. 2023 Feb 1;22(2):SF344607s3-SF344607s14. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory skin disorders compromise skin barrier health. Early and daily skincare use aims to maintain a life-long healthy skin barrier. Racial/ethnic and age variations in skin barrier properties, cultural differences, and clinical presentation of the inflammatory skin disorder influence the choice of treatment and skin care. Ceramide-containing skin care may play a role in restoring and maintaining a healthy skin barrier. METHODS: A panel of 6 dermatologists met to develop consensus statements based on their 8 previous publications on promoting skin barrier health throughout life using ceramide-containing skin care. The publications covered skin barrier integrity in the newborn and infant, and the role of the skin barrier in mitigating atopic dermatitis (AD); racial/ethnic variations in the skin barrier and implications for skin care; the role of the skin barrier in inflammatory skin conditions including acne, AD and psoriasis in skin of color (SOC) populations; skin barrier integrity in patients with rosacea; and xerosis in patients with diabetes mellitus. The panel synthesized the 8 publications, selected information from a literature review, and their expert opinions and experiences to create the statements. The consensus was reached through a modified Delphi method where the panel met face-to-face and followed up virtually. RESULTS: The panel adopted 6 consensus statements highlighting the importance of skin care in restoring/maintaining a healthy skin barrier in the populations mentioned above. Skin care suited to this role is gentle, has near-physiologic pH, is pleasant to use, and contains ceramides. This type of skin care can promote a healthy skin barrier and attenuate or delay inflammatory skin conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Adjunctive daily skin care throughout life promotes a healthy skin barrier and is beneficial in managing various inflammatory skin disorders in all populations. However, when choosing optimal treatment and skin care, physicians should consider variations in age, skin properties, presentation of the condition, and cultural differences. J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22:2(Suppl 1):s3-14. PMID:36745380 {url} = URL to article
    • Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jan 17;9:1093868. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1093868. eCollection 2022. ABSTRACT Zinc is a necessary trace element and an important constituent of proteins and other biological molecules. It has many biological functions, including antioxidant, skin and mucous membrane integrity maintenance, and the promotion of various enzymatic and transcriptional responses. The skin contains the third most zinc in the organism. Zinc deficiency can lead to a range of skin diseases. Except for acrodermatitis enteropathic, a rare genetic zinc deficiency, it has also been reported in other diseases. In recent years, zinc supplementation has been widely used for various skin conditions, including infectious diseases (viral warts, genital herpes, cutaneous leishmaniasis, leprosy), inflammatory diseases (hidradenitis suppurativa, acne vulgaris, rosacea, eczematous dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, Behcet's disease, oral lichen planus), pigmentary diseases (vitiligo, melasma), tumor-associated diseases (basal cell carcinoma), endocrine and metabolic diseases (necrolytic migratory erythema, necrolytic acral erythema), hair diseases (alopecia), and so on. We reviewed the literature on zinc application in dermatology to provide references for better use. PMID:36733937 | PMC:PMC9887131 | DOI:10.3389/fmed.2022.1093868 {url} = URL to article
    • Dermatol Surg. 2023 Feb 1;49(2):208-209. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000003686. Epub 2023 Jan 18. ABSTRACT Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. PMID:36728072 | PMC:PMC9891264 | DOI:10.1097/DSS.0000000000003686 {url} = URL to article
    • Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2023 Jan 26;16:253-256. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S394754. eCollection 2023. ABSTRACT Minocycline is a tetracycline derivative antibiotic commonly used to treat acne, rosacea, and other inflammatory skin conditions. Taking minocycline risks inducing skin pigmentation. If minocycline-induced hyperpigmentation is not treated, it may take months to years for the symptoms to subside after discontinuation of the drug, or the hyperpigmentation may never disappear completely, which can lead to cosmetic anxiety and affect people's quality of life. Previous treatment options for hyperpigmentation were mainly q-switched nd: YAG, ruby, and alexandrite lasers. This article reports a case of facial hyperpigmentation caused by minocycline using a combination of chemical peel and intense pulsed light in a patient with eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells syndrome) who was taking oral minocycline. This case suggests combining chemical peel and intense pulsed light is an effective treatment option for minocycline-induced hyperpigmentation. PMID:36726812 | PMC:PMC9885878 | DOI:10.2147/CCID.S394754 {url} = URL to article
    • Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2023 Jan 11;16:71-77. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S391893. eCollection 2023. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Rosacea is a common facial dermatosis, with flares induced by exposome factors. M89PF containing Vichy mineralizing water, probiotic fractions, hyaluronic acid, niacinamide and tocopherol repairs the skin barrier and reinforces skin defences against exposome factors. This study assessed the benefit of M89PF in subjects with rosacea associated with erythema and sensitive skin during the Covid-19 pandemic using protective face masks. METHODS: M89PF was compared to usual skin care in a randomized, split-face study, for 30 days in subjects with rosacea associated with erythema and sensitive skin. Clinical evaluations included erythema, desquamation, skin tightness, dryness, burning sensation, itching, stinging, stinging test, and local tolerability. Instrument evaluations included erythema, skin hydration and TEWL. Subject satisfaction was also assessed. RESULTS: Erythema significantly improved with M89PF at both time points (p<0.01 at D15, and p<0.001 at D30). Skin sensitivity assessed by the skin stinging test improved significantly (p<0.01) with M89PF at D30, compared to baseline and usual skin care. Skin erythema, tightness, dryness, hydration and TEWL significantly improved (p≤0.05) with M89PF at D15 and D30, versus baseline and the untreated side. Subjects were highly satisfied with M89PF at D15 and D30. Tolerance was very good in all subjects. CONCLUSION: In subjects with rosacea, M89PF significantly reduces erythema, skin tightness, dryness and TEWL, and improves skin hydration and skin sensitivity, even when using protective masks. M89PF is well tolerated and received high satisfaction ratings. CLINICALTRIALSGOV NO: NCT05562661. PMID:36660190 | PMC:PMC9843703 | DOI:10.2147/CCID.S391893 {url} = URL to article
    • Arch Dermatol Res. 2023 Jan 18. doi: 10.1007/s00403-023-02531-7. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Patient adherence to medications usually increases with age, however, it can also be impacted by other factors. Accountability is a psychosocial construct that is defined as the expectation for an individual to account for their actions. Accountability may also influence patients' motivation to adhere to their treatments. We assessed the relationship between age and perception of accountability as well as efficacy of interventions to improve accountability in a clinical study of 30 rosacea patients. Accountability was assessed using the validated Accountability Measurement Tool. Interventions to improve accountability included a digital interaction group and a digital skin analysis group. All patients were given ivermectin cream 1% and informed to apply it daily for 3-months. There was a negative association between age and AMT scores in all intervention groups, including the control group. Younger patients have a baseline greater perception of accountability that responded more to our interventions. PMID:36652005 | DOI:10.1007/s00403-023-02531-7 {url} = URL to article
    • JCI Insight. 2023 Jan 12:e151846. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.151846. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a fluctuating course of excessive inflammation and apparent neovascularization. Microbial dysbiosis with high density of B. oleronius and increased activity of kallikrein 5, which cleaves cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, are key pathogenic triggers in rosacea. However, how these events are linked to the disease remains unknown. Here, we show that type I interferons produced by plasmacytoid dendritic cells represent the pivotal link between dysbiosis, the aberrant immune response, and neovascularization. Compared to other commensal bacteria, B. oleronius is highly susceptible and preferentially killed by cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides leading to enhanced generation of complexes with bacterial DNA. These bacterial DNA-complexes but not DNA-complexes derived from host cells are required for cathelicidin-induced activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and type I interferon production. Moreover, kallikrein 5 cleaves cathelicidin into peptides with heightened DNA-binding and type I interferon-inducing capacities. In turn, excessive type I interferon expression drives neoangiogenesis via IL22 induction and upregulation of the IL22 receptor on endothelial cells. These findings unravel a novel pathomechanism, which directly links hallmarks of rosacea to the killing of dysbiotic commensal bacteria with induction of a pathogenic type I interferon-driven and IL22-mediated angiogenesis. PMID:36633910 | DOI:10.1172/jci.insight.151846 {url} = URL to article
    • J Clin Med. 2022 Dec 23;12(1):115. doi: 10.3390/jcm12010115. ABSTRACT Rosacea is a common skin disease that affects about 5% of the general population. Its symptoms include telangiectasia, persistent erythema, burning/stinging sensation, dry skin sensation, and pruritus. It is characterized by a chronic course with frequent exacerbation. It often coexists with anxiety and depression, reducing the quality of life of affected patients. The etiopathogenesis of rosacea is complex and not fully elucidated; hence, there is no causative effective treatment. In this review, we highlight the role of a cosmetologist in the treatment of rosacea and the maintenance of remission. As part of medical treatment, patients are advised to introduce lifestyle changes and use proper skin care; a cosmetologist can help educate patients affected with rosacea, create effective home care programs for skin care, and support them with treatments in beauty salons. Proper skin care is essential, including the use of dermocosmetics, cleansing of the skin, and frequent visits to beauty salons for tailored apparatus procedures. A cosmetologist is more accessible to patients and can help implement healthy daily habits, including skin care and eating habits, as well as support and mediate good communication between the patient and the patient's treating physician, thereby improving compliance and ensuring long-term satisfactory outcomes. PMID:36614915 | DOI:10.3390/jcm12010115 {url} = URL to article
    • J Drugs Dermatol. 2023 Jan 1;22(1):45-53. doi: 10.36849/JDD.7021. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Rosacea is primarily an inflammatory disease of facial skin associated with impaired skin barrier function. While it is commonly thought of as a Caucasian person's disease, it is likely underdiagnosed in people of color, including Asians, leading to missed and delayed diagnoses and increased morbidity. The purpose of this review is to highlight literature on rosacea in Asian people and the role of non-prescription skincare in managing rosacea. METHODS: Four dermatologists (the panel) completed pre-meeting surveys and participated in a web meeting to discuss the role of skin care in treating rosacea in the Asia Pacific (APAC) region. The survey results were summarized, then presented during the virtual meeting. These survey results and relevant papers identified through a literature review were then discussed. This review shows the fruit of these discussions, as well as the advisors' expert opinions and experiences. RESULTS: The panel crafted 5 consensus statements regarding the role of skin care in the treatment of rosacea in the APAC region. The most common forms of rosacea seen by the advisors are mostly erythematous and papulopustular. Among the panel, doxycycline is the most popular treatment for papulopustular rosacea. The panel prioritize gentleness when choosing skincare products for patients with rosacea. CONCLUSIONS: In Asian patients with rosacea, adjunctive skincare is an important part of treatment, maintenance, and prescription treatment. Given the highly sensitive skin of certain Asian patients with rosacea, avoiding potentially irritating substances is crucial. J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22(1):45-53. doi:10.36849/JDD.7021. PMID:36607763 | DOI:10.36849/JDD.7021 {url} = URL to article
    • J Drugs Dermatol. 2023 Jan 1;22(1):54-59. doi: 10.36849/JDD.7150. ABSTRACT Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) has been used extensively in industry and health care for more than a century and has been approved for the treatment of acne for over 60 years. Recently, BPO received a second approved indication by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of rosacea. Topical BPO use has historically been limited by tolerability, photosensitivity, oxidation, and, uncommonly, contact allergy. Research has led to enhanced efficacy and tolerability, as well as the combination of BPO with other topical medications. These advances have allowed extended use of BPO in additional dermatologic conditions that may not have been feasible in the past. Additionally, the role of BPO in preventing antibiotic resistance cannot be underestimated. Here, we discuss the historical limitations of BPO and recent advances developed to overcome these limitations. We also describe newly approved BPO medications and their role in aiding antibiotic stewardship. J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22(1):54-59. doi:10.36849/JDD.7150. PMID:36607767 | DOI:10.36849/JDD.7150 {url} = URL to article
    • Dermatologie (Heidelb). 2023 Jan 2. doi: 10.1007/s00105-022-05096-0. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Acne, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis vulgaris are common inflammatory dermatoses. Of note, the epidemiology and clinical presentation of these common dermatologic diseases varies considerably between people with different colors of skin. Yet, most dermatology textbooks present and describe the clinical pictures of White people. To provide excellent dermatological care for all patients, it is of central importance to know the epidemiology and recognize key clinical characteristics of these diseases in patients with skin of color (SOC). In acne, cultural habits of Blacks (use of steroid-based lighteners, comedogenic hair care products) may lead to manifestation of specific forms of acne. In addition, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and keloids pose particular therapeutic challenges in this patient group. Atopic dermatitis in Asians shows a clinical and histological picture that is similar to psoriasis in Whites. By contrast, atopic dermatitis manifests on the extensor side in Black people. Due to the difficulty of recognizing erythema in SOC, the severity of the respective inflammatory diseases in these individuals is often underestimated. The treatment of acne, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis does not differ between people of different skin colors. The exception is the necessary therapy for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in all the inflammatory dermatoses mentioned, and for keloids in acne. PMID:36592194 | DOI:10.1007/s00105-022-05096-0 {url} = URL to article
    • Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2022 Dec 20;15:2807-2816. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S390921. eCollection 2022. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Rosacea appears predominantly in highly visible areas of the facial region. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the psychological status and quality of life(QOL) of rosacea. METHODS: We used a hospital-based cross-sectional analytical study design between Jan 1, 2020, and Jan 1, 2021. We analyzed the differences and correlations in the severity of rosacea and its impacts on QOL and mental health, separately. RESULTS: 469 patients with rosacea were included. The mean Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score was 12.6±7.7 and the affected level of DLQI was moderately severe. The total score of Rosacea-specific Quality-of-Life instrument (RosQol) was 2.34 ± 0.84, and the scores of emotion, symptoms, and function were 2.41 ± 0.99, 2.37 ±0.82, and 2.03 ± 0.89, respectively. 44.8% of patients suffered from anxiety and 37.5% from depression. There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of anxiety (p <0.001), the DLQL (p =0.02), RosQol emotion (p =0.04), symptom (p <0.01) and function (p =0.02) scores in the different severity. In addition, worsening QOL was significantly associated with increased disease severity [Spearman's rank correlation index (r) ranging from 0.171 to 0.266,p<0.01 (RosQol); r =0.104,p =0.024 (DLQI)]. There was also a positive correlation between anxiety [r =0.155; p<0.01] and the different severity levels. CONCLUSION: Rosacea maybe has a greater significant impact on patient's QOL and mental health. And the impact of QOL and mental health tend to deteriorate significantly with increasing disease severity. The relationship suggests that QOL assessment is of great interest in clinical practice and should be further explored. PMID:36573169 | PMC:PMC9789702 | DOI:10.2147/CCID.S390921 {url} = URL to article
    • Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Dec 8;9:1033980. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1033980. eCollection 2022. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Vestibular side effects such as dizziness and vertigo can be a limitation for some antibiotics commonly used to treat acne, rosacea, and other dermatology indications. OBJECTIVE: Unlike minocycline, which is a second-generation tetracycline, sarecycline, a narrow-spectrum third-generation tetracycline-class agent approved to treat acne vulgaris, has demonstrated low rates of vestibular-related adverse events in clinical trials. In this work, we evaluate the brain-penetrative and lipophilic attributes of sarecycline in 2 non-clinical studies and discuss potential associations with vestibular adverse events. METHODS: Rats received either intravenous sarecycline or minocycline (1.0 mg/kg). Blood-brain penetrance was measured at 1, 3, and 6 h postdosing. In another analysis, the lipophilicity of sarecycline, minocycline, and doxycycline was measured via octanol/water and chloroform/water distribution coefficients (logD) at pH 3.5, 5.5, and 7.4. RESULTS: Unlike minocycline, sarecycline was not detected in brain samples postdosing. In the octanol/water solvent system, sarecycline had a numerically lower lipophilicity profile than minocycline and doxycycline at pH 5.5 and 7.4. CONCLUSION: The reduced blood-brain penetrance and lipophilicity of sarecycline compared with other tetracyclines may explain low rates of vestibular-related adverse events seen in clinical trials. PMID:36569144 | PMC:PMC9773825 | DOI:10.3389/fmed.2022.1033980 {url} = URL to article
    • Lasers Med Sci. 2022 Dec 23;38(1):17. doi: 10.1007/s10103-022-03685-y. ABSTRACT Rosacea is difficult to treat. Therefore, new alternative modalities are necessary to demonstrate. The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of the combined therapy of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) and intense pulsed light (IPL) for rosacea to provide a new treatment option for rosacea. The study was conducted from November 2017 to April 2019 at the Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University. Patients aged 18-65 years and diagnosed clinically as erythematotelangiectatic (ET) or papulopustular (PP) rosacea were enrolled. Three times of ALA-PDT at 10 days interval followed by 3 times of IPL at 3-4 weeks interval were defined as 1 session and applied to the whole face of each patient. ALA-PDT: 5% ALA, red light (fluency dose 60-100 mW/cm2, 20 min); IPL: 560/590/640 nm, double/triple-pulse mode, pulse width 3.0 to 4.5 ms, delay time 30-40 ms, energy fluency 14-17 J/cm2. Ten patients were enrolled in the study. Among them, 4 patients received only 1 session, while 6 patients received 2 sessions. After all treatments, 50% of patients achieved 75-100% improvement, and 30% achieved 50-75% improvement. Forty percent of patients were graded very satisfaction and 30% graded moderate satisfaction. All noninvasive measurements showed no significant differences among all time points (p > 0.05). The side effects were pain, burning sensation, itching, erythema, desquamation, slight edema, slight exudation, and hyperpigmentation. All of which were tolerable and recovered in a few days. The combined therapy of ALA-PDT and IPL showed an effective option for rosacea with a safety profile. PMID:36562857 | DOI:10.1007/s10103-022-03685-y {url} = URL to article
    • Trials. 2022 Dec 20;23(1):1033. doi: 10.1186/s13063-022-06948-9. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Ocular rosacea is common and is often managed with long-term antibiotic treatment. Doxycycline is the most commonly selected antibiotic for the treatment of rosacea. As there is no established standard of care treatment dose for rosacea, prescribed doses of doxycycline vary widely. The FDA classifies 40 mg daily dose of doxycycline for ocular rosacea as sub-microbial in comparison to an antibiotic dose of 200 mg daily. However, this "sub-microbial" dose has never been evaluated in patients with ocular rosacea, and even the sub-microbial dose has potential to alter systemic mucosa flora. Here, we present a randomized controlled trial using RNA sequencing to fully characterize the impact of sub-microbial antibiotic dosing of doxycycline on antimicrobial resistance and bacterial composition of the ocular and gut flora. METHODS: In a triple-masked parallel randomized control trial, patients with ocular rosacea will be randomized to three arms: a 40-mg dose of doxycycline, a 200-mg antibiotic dose of doxycycline, or placebo. Collected rectal and lower eyelid samples will be compared for frequency of antimicrobial resistance genetic determinants and microbiome diversity. A subjective ocular surface disease index survey and objective tear breakup time measurement will be determined. DISCUSSION: These results will enhance our understanding of the overall systemic impact of long-term systemic sub-microbial antibiotic dosing for the treatment of chronic recurrent ocular inflammatory diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.org (NCT05296837) on March 22, 2022. PMID:36539810 | PMC:PMC9769060 | DOI:10.1186/s13063-022-06948-9 {url} = URL to article
    • Dermatol Pract Concept. 2022 Oct 1;12(4):e2022201. doi: 10.5826/dpc.1204a201. eCollection 2022 Nov. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Topical ivermectin is an anti-inflammatory and anti-Demodex drug for papulopustular rosacea. Rosacea is a relapsing disease and the time between recurrences should be considered alongside efficacy. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to assess the time of first relapse and relapse rates of Demodex mite infestation and papulopustular rosacea. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of subjects affected by different degrees of papulopustular rosacea. Patients that achieved a complete response after treatment were monitored every 4 weeks and up to 32 additional weeks. For each patient, we evaluated recording the time to first relapse and relapse rate of Demodex mite infestation and rosacea. RESULTS: The overall success rate on Demodex infestation was 87.5% only 12.5% relapse. Ivermectin leads to complete response in 70% of patients. Median time to relapse was 140 days, the mean time was 152 days. The global success rate was 54.76%. CONCLUSIONS: Topical ivermectin keeps a remission of Demodex infestation and clinical remission for long time. We proposed a twice weekly ivermectin maintenance therapy to reduce recurrences. PMID:36534532 | PMC:PMC9681206 | DOI:10.5826/dpc.1204a201 {url} = URL to article
    • Dermatol Pract Concept. 2022 Oct 1;12(4):e2022187. doi: 10.5826/dpc.1204a187. eCollection 2022 Nov. NO ABSTRACT PMID:36534579 | PMC:PMC9681237 | DOI:10.5826/dpc.1204a187 {url} = URL to article
    • F1000Res. 2021 Nov 17;10:1165. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.73719.1. eCollection 2021. NO ABSTRACT PMID:36519179 | PMC:PMC9716113 | DOI:10.12688/f1000research.73719.1 {url} = URL to article
    • J Dermatol Sci. 2022 Nov 30:S0923-1811(22)00264-X. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.11.004. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:36517318 | DOI:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.11.004 {url} = URL to article
    • Drug Des Devel Ther. 2022 Dec 2;16:4127-4138. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S393122. eCollection 2022. NO ABSTRACT PMID:36483458 | PMC:PMC9724583 | DOI:10.2147/DDDT.S393122 {url} = URL to article
    • Cureus. 2022 Nov 6;14(11):e31151. doi: 10.7759/cureus.31151. eCollection 2022 Nov. NO ABSTRACT PMID:36483886 | PMC:PMC9724193 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.31151 {url} = URL to article
    • Dermatology. 2022 Dec 7:1-6. doi: 10.1159/000526602. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:36476839 | DOI:10.1159/000526602 {url} = URL to article
    • Ann Dermatol. 2022 Dec;34(6):451-460. doi: 10.5021/ad.22.093. NO ABSTRACT PMID:36478427 | DOI:10.5021/ad.22.093 {url} = URL to article
    • Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Jan;157:114091. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114091. Epub 2022 Dec 5. NO ABSTRACT PMID:36481403 | DOI:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114091 {url} = URL to article
    • Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2022 Nov 23;15:2519-2521. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S392280. eCollection 2022. NO ABSTRACT PMID:36452437 | PMC:PMC9701777 | DOI:10.2147/CCID.S392280 {url} = URL to article
    • Skin Res Technol. 2022 Nov 25. doi: 10.1111/srt.13241. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:36426837 | DOI:10.1111/srt.13241 {url} = URL to article
    • Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2022 Nov 22:S0151-9638(22)00093-X. doi: 10.1016/j.annder.2022.09.007. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:36428121 | DOI:10.1016/j.annder.2022.09.007 {url} = URL to article
    • Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2022 Nov 18;10(11):e4655. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000004655. eCollection 2022 Nov. NO ABSTRACT PMID:36415622 | PMC:PMC9674483 | DOI:10.1097/GOX.0000000000004655 {url} = URL to article
    • Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2022 Nov 1;11(6):505-513. doi: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000571. NO ABSTRACT PMID:36417674 | DOI:10.1097/APO.0000000000000571 {url} = URL to article
    • Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2022 Nov 22. doi: 10.1007/s13555-022-00848-1. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:36414845 | DOI:10.1007/s13555-022-00848-1 {url} = URL to article
    • J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022 Nov 21. doi: 10.1111/jocd.15519. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:36409588 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.15519 {url} = URL to article
    • Skin Appendage Disord. 2022 Nov;8(6):462-468. doi: 10.1159/000525024. Epub 2022 Jun 7. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed to obtain fundamental data, including climate conditions and Demodex mites, on rosacea and similar diseases in the situation where the wearing of face masks is mandatory due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. METHODS: We enrolled 86 Japanese patients habitually wearing face masks with rosacea and similar diseases. Disease severity was assessed using the Investigator Global Assessment. The presence of Demodex mites was examined microscopically. Treatment involved acaricidal and antibiotic agents. RESULTS: The numbers of male and female patients enrolled were 11 and 75, respectively. Among these patients, 85 (98.8%), 57 (66.3%), and 76 (88.4%) had rosacea, rosacea-like dermatitis (RLD), and demodicosis, respectively. The monthly number of patients with rosacea and demodicosis showed two peaks from May to June and in October, during which monthly mean temperature was approximately 20°C (68°F). Improvement rates in rosacea, RLD, and demodicosis were significantly higher when Demodex mites were no longer detected after treatment. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that a season with a mean temperature of approximately 20°C is a risk factor for rosacea and similar diseases in individuals wearing face masks in Japan, and a decrease in Demodex mites is associated with the attenuation of symptoms. PMID:36407649 | PMC:PMC9672874 | DOI:10.1159/000525024 {url} = URL to article
    • J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2022 Nov 17:1-6. doi: 10.1080/14764172.2022.2147953. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT A chemical peel is chemexfoliation, a process of application of a chemical substance to the skin that causes controlled chemical destruction of the epidermis with or without part of the dermis leading to skin regeneration and remodeling. It can be classified depending upon the depth of penetration into superficial, medium, and deep peels. Among various indications, peels can be used to enhance treatment within a variety of conditions including skin- rejuvenation, inflammatory disorders like acne, rosacea, acne scar, and pigmentary disorders like melasma, freckles, lentigens, dyschromia, and post-inflammatory pigmentation. We did a chemical peel for six patients with facial melanosis, diagnosed with Riehl melanosis. All patients had visible clinical improvement. Detailed history and informed consent were taken both for photographs and procedures from all patients. PMID:36384385 | DOI:10.1080/14764172.2022.2147953 {url} = URL to article
    • JAMA Dermatol. 2023 Jan 1;159(1):95. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.4503. NO ABSTRACT PMID:36383347 | DOI:10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.4503 {url} = URL to article
    • J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2022 Nov;15(11):69-74. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Subantibiotic dose doxycycline (SDD40), formulated as a modified-release 40mg capsule administered once daily, is used to treat inflammatory lesions of rosacea. In order to investigate whether the patient's weight or lesion severity impacts clinical outcomes with using SDD40, the efficacy and safety of SDD40 in treating rosacea were evaluated in randomized controlled studies (RCTs). METHODS: Phase II, III, and IV RCTs, and a subsequent meta-analysis were described. For all studies, the primary efficacy endpoint was the change in total inflammatory lesion count (papules, pustules, and nodules) from baseline to Week 16. For one of the studies, body weights were categorized by BMI (body mass index). Secondary efficacy endpoints included the change in Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA). Safety was assessed by monitoring adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: The efficacy of SDD40 was consistent across the studies (two trials including n=72 and n=91 subjects) and meta-analysis (n=127 and n=142). SDD40 remained effective regardless of baseline disease severity and weight (with a weak correlation coefficient below 0.75); overweight or obese subjects with severe rosacea cleared at least as well if not better than those with a normal BMI and mild disease. The treatment was well tolerated with no to minimal gastrointestinal-related AEs. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective analyses have methodological limitations. CONCLUSION: Consistency between study results including the meta-analysis supports the effectiveness and safety of SDD40, irrespective of the weight of the patient or rosacea severity based on inflammatory lesion count at baseline. PMID:36381182 | PMC:PMC9651154 {url} = URL to article
    • Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2022 Nov 1;11(11):13. doi: 10.1167/tvst.11.11.13. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Dry eye disease (DED) is a heterogeneous condition with poorly characterized subtypes. The DREAM study was a large multicenter randomized clinical trial that did not find omega-3 to be more effective than placebo in treating symptomatic DED. We performed secondary analysis of DREAM data to characterize DED subtypes and their omega-3 response. METHODS: A total of 535 patients with moderate-to-severe DED were randomized to omega-3 or placebo treatment for one year. We used latent profile analysis to identify subtypes based on baseline Ocular Surface Disease Index, tear break-up time (TBUT), anesthetized Schirmer's test, corneal and conjunctival staining, and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). We evaluated omega-3's effect for each subtype using generalized linear regression. RESULTS: Five clinically meaningful DED subtypes were identified. They differed significantly in sex (P < 0.001) and race (P = 0.02). Subtype 1 had the most severe DED signs yet milder symptoms and was associated with more Sjögren's syndrome (21%, P < 0.001). Subtype 2 had the mildest DED signs except MGD. Subtype 3 had the most severe symptoms, out of proportion to DED signs. Subtype 4 had relatively milder symptoms and MGD. Subtype 5 had severe MGD and TBUT and was associated with rosacea (29%, P = 0.04). Omega-3 was not significantly more beneficial than placebo for any subtype. CONCLUSIONS: Five clinically meaningful DED subtypes differed significantly in demographics, symptoms, signs, and systemic disease associations. Omega-3 was not significantly more effective than placebo for any subtype. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: T3 translational research identifying subtypes in the DREAM study can improve DED clinical classification and targeted management. PMID:36383391 | DOI:10.1167/tvst.11.11.13 {url} = URL to article
    • We do have a few active members now who have subscribed. We need about 100 members who subscribe to keep this website going which means keeping the RRDi going. Why we chose the subscription vs the freemium version of using our website is explained here. The active members still do not post which is not a requirement, the only requirement is to subscribe. Do you have any comment and wish to post about any of this? You can post for a minimum of a two dollar subscription or if you just donate two dollars we can make you an active member for one month so you can post for a month. You simply donate through a multitude of services listed on our donation page and then CONTACT us explaining you made a minimum two dollar donation and we can activate your membership for a month (or longer if you donate more). If you don't like subscriptions, why not post and explain how we should be operating our website. Your comment could be published in this thread, ACTIVE MEMBERS POSTING, or anywhere you want to post on our website. Maybe you have some insight into why our ACTIVE members don't post at all? Even if you are a volunteer and don't post you become inactive. Read more. 
    • Our website is now a subscription based members only website. 95% of our website requires a donation of a minimum of $2/month ($1/month for three or more months) so we can keep this website going. Guests can only view about 5% of our website. We no longer allow free membership unless you are on our volunteer staff. Please register and donate $12 for a twelve month subscription. Thanks for your donation! All members will have to purchase a subscription to be active again for at least one month or longer.  The RRDi is now showing the active members vs the inactive members in member's profiles, since the non voting and the voting members haven't been engaging in any rosacea discussion for some time now. All you do is login to your account. Look at your account profile and it shows whether you are active or inactive. If you haven't posted in the last 30 days you are automatically placed in the inactive member group. Just post in any area open to guests and you automatically become active again and have access to the member area.  Because of a relatively inactive forum 'engagement' with fellow rosaceans which is really core to our mission (view the RRDi Mission) we have attempted to encourage members to post. Members, you are our only hope! Post! Read our mission goal below:  Goal #7: To allow volunteer members to have a platform to voice their concerns about rosacea and to contribute information about rosacea. Our goal is 10K members.  Since the vast majority of our 1.5K members are not engaging in any discussion, we inform everyone whether a member is active or inactive.  The definition of an active member is one who posts a minimum of at least one post a month. If after one month a member does not post the member status is inactive. This means that access will be visible to what a 'guest' user will be able to see.  Ask not what rosaceans can do for you, but what can you do for rosaceans? Rosaceans Helping Rosaceans.  INACTIVE MEMBER Steps to Become Active Simply login to your account and donate to one of our subscription plans.  If you have forgotten your login credentials use our contact form and give us your email address you used to register your account and we will help you gain back your access.  We will be happy to restore your active status once we have verified which subscription plan you donated for.  (2) Another way to become active is donate two dollars. Contact us and explain you donated and want your inactive membership to be active again. We will need to know what email address you used to register your account and on what date you donated.  (3) Become a volunteer and we waive the subscription fee. However, if you don't post in thirty days you become inactive.  (4) Simply subscribe and you become active again. Members Posting How can inactive members post and become an active member again?  Simple. Subscribe. Find an area you would like to post something, For example, any area still open to guests allows you to START A NEW TOPIC or QUOTE button. Just be sure you are logged into your RRDi member account. Post.  If you are having issues logging into your RRDi member account use the contact form and explain your issue. Be sure to include your email address so we can resolve your login issue for you, if you want a resolution.  New Members Subscribe to one of our subscription plans.  We are trying to encourage engagement. Rosaceans helping Rosaceans.  
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