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    • Arch Dermatol Res. 2024 Oct 14;316(10):677. doi: 10.1007/s00403-024-03433-y. ABSTRACT Dysbiosis in the skin microbiome is closely associated with various inflammatory skin diseases. However, current research on the causal relationship between the skin microbiome and inflammatory skin diseases lacks comprehensive and detailed investigation. We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to explore associations between the skin microbiome and seven inflammatory skin diseases, including acne, atopic dermatitis, erysipelas, vitiligo, psoriasis, rosacea, and urticaria. The GWAS summary data for the skin microbiome was derived from 647 participants in two German population-based cohorts, and for the inflammatory skin diseases, they were sourced from the FinnGen consortium. Our primary MR analysis method was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, complemented by alternatives like MR-Egger regression, weighted median estimation, and constrained maximum likelihood. Sensitivity analyses, including Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and MR-PRESSO outlier detection, were conducted to validate and stabilize our findings. We identified significant causal relationships between the skin microbiome and seven inflammatory skin diseases: acne, atopic dermatitis, erysipelas, vitiligo, psoriasis, rosacea, and urticaria, with 7, 6, 9, 1, 7, 4, and 7 respective causal relationships for each disease. These relationships comprise 20 protective and 14 risk causal relationships. We applied the false discovery rate correction to these results. Sensitivity analysis revealed no significant pleiotropy or heterogeneity. Our study revealed both beneficial and detrimental causal relationships between diverse skin microbiota and inflammatory skin diseases. Additionally, the ecological niche of the skin microbiome was crucial to its functional impact. This research provided new insights into how skin microbiota impacted skin diseases and the development of therapeutic strategies. PMID:39400597 | DOI:10.1007/s00403-024-03433-y {url} = URL to article
    • Biomark Res. 2024 Oct 9;12(1):118. doi: 10.1186/s40364-024-00663-0. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Traditional topical drug delivery for treating inflammatory skin diseases suffers from poor skin penetration and long-term side effects. Metal nanoparticles show promising application in topical drug delivery for inflammatory skin diseases. METHODS: Here, we synthesized a new type of nanoparticles, azelamide monoethanolamine-functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au-MEA NPs), based on citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (Au-CA NPs) via the ligand exchange method. The physical and chemical properties of Au-CA NPs and Au-MEA NPs were characterized. In vivo studies were performed using imiquimod-induced psoriasis and LL37-induced rosacea animal models, respectively. For in vitro studies, a model of cellular inflammation was established using HaCaT cells stimulated with TNF-α. In addition, proteomics, gelatin zymography, and other techniques were used to investigate the possible therapeutic mechanisms of the Au-MEA NPs. RESULTS: We found that Au-MEA NPs exhibited better stability and permeation properties compared to conventional Au-CA NPs. Transcutaneously administered Au-MEA NPs exerted potent therapeutic efficacy against both rosacea-like and psoriasiform skin dermatitis in vivo without overt signs of toxicity. Mechanistically, Au-MEA NPs reduced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes by promoting SOD activity and inhibiting the activity of MMP9. CONCLUSION: Au-MEA NPs have the potential to be a topical nanomedicine for the effective and safe treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. PMID:39385245 | PMC:PMC11465885 | DOI:10.1186/s40364-024-00663-0 {url} = URL to article
    • Skin Appendage Disord. 2024 Oct;10(5):429-432. doi: 10.1159/000537807. Epub 2024 May 15. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Scalp rosacea is often misdiagnosed or overlooked, and few reports deal with this peculiar localization. Furthermore, the pharmacological approach to scalp rosacea remains a therapeutic challenge, as no topical and/or systemic drugs have been approved for this specific area so far. CASE PRESENTATION: A series of 5 adult patients affected by inflammatory rosacea and concurrent scalp involvement, confirmed by dermoscopy and histopathology with negative microbiologic swabs, and effectively treated with ivermectin 1% cream once daily for 12 weeks is presented. CONCLUSION: Our experience, although limited, suggests that evaluation of rosacea subjects should also include the scalp and that the treatment with ivermectin 1% cream may be effective on scalp rosacea. PMID:39386311 | PMC:PMC11460844 | DOI:10.1159/000537807 {url} = URL to article
    • J Invest Dermatol. 2024 Sep 27:S0022-202X(24)02155-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.09.009. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The potent carcinogen, benzene, is a known degradation product of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and was recently reported to form when BPO drug products, used for acne and rosacea treatment, are incubated at body temperature and elevated temperatures expected during storage and transportation. This study provides evidence for a wide range of benzene concentrations (0.16 ppm to 35.30 ppm) detected by GC-MS in 111 over-the-counter BPO drug products tested and maintained at room temperature. A prescription encapsulated BPO drug product was stability tested at cold (2°C) and elevated temperature (50°C), resulting in no apparent benzene formation at 2°C, and high levels of benzene formation at 50°C, suggesting that encapsulation technology may not stabilize BPO drug products but cold storage may greatly reduce benzene formation. Face model experiments where BPO drug product was applied to PolyMethyl MethAcrylate (PMMA) photoprotection test skin plates and benzene was detected in surrounding air by SIFT-MS, showed detectable benzene through evaporation and substantial benzene formation when exposed to UV light at levels below peak sunlight. Results suggest that potential benzene exposure from formation during BPO drug product use poses significant risks independent of the starting benzene concentration. PMID:39384016 | DOI:10.1016/j.jid.2024.09.009 {url} = URL to article
    • Nat Commun. 2024 Oct 9;15(1):8737. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-52946-7. ABSTRACT Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder, whose underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we generate a single-cell atlas of facial skin from female rosacea patients and healthy individuals. Among keratinocytes, a subpopulation characterized by IFNγ-mediated barrier function damage is found to be unique to rosacea lesions. Blocking IFNγ signaling alleviates rosacea-like phenotypes and skin barrier damage in mice. The papulopustular rosacea is featured by expansion of pro-inflammatory fibroblasts, Schwann, endothelial and macrophage/dendritic cells. The frequencies of type 1/17 and skin-resident memory T cells are increased, and vascular mural cells are characterized by activation of inflammatory pathways and impaired muscle contraction function in rosacea. Most importantly, fibroblasts are identified as the leading cell type producing pro-inflammatory and vasodilative signals in rosacea. Depletion of fibroblasts or knockdown of PTGDS, a gene specifically upregulated in fibroblasts, blocks rosacea development in mice. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the aberrant alterations of skin-resident cell populations and identifies fibroblasts as a key determinant in rosacea development. PMID:39384741 | PMC:PMC11464544 | DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-52946-7 {url} = URL to article
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