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Related ArticlesCurrent topical and systemic approaches to treatment of rosacea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2009 Jun 8; Authors: Korting H, Schöllmann C Rosacea is a common, often overlooked, chronic facial dermatosis characterized by intermittent periods of exacerbation and remission. Clinical subtypes and grading of the disease have been defined in the literature. On the basis of a genetic predisposition, there are several intrinsic and extrinsic factors possibly correlating with the phenotypic expression of the disease. Although rosacea cannot be cured, there are several recommended treatment strategies appropriate to control the corresponding symptoms/signs. In addition to adequate skin care, these include topical and systemic medications particularly suitable for the papulopustular subtype of rosacea with moderate to severe intensity. The most commonly used and most established therapeutic regimens are topical metronidazole and topical azelaic acid as well as oral doxycycline. Conventionally, 100-200 mg per day have been used. Today also a controlled release formulation is available, delivering 40 mg per day using non-antibiotic, anti-inflammatory activities of the drug. Anti-inflammatory dose doxycycline in particular allows for a safe and effective short- and long-term therapy of rosacea. Topical metronidazole and topical azelaic acid also appear to be safe and effective for short-term use. There are indications that a combined therapy of anti-inflammatory dose doxycycline and topical metronidazole could possibly have synergy effects. Further interesting therapy options for the short- and long-term therapy of rosacea could be low-dose minocycline and isotretinoin; however, too little data are available with regard to the effectiveness, safety, optimal dosage and appropriate length of treatment for these medications to draw final conclusions. PMID: 19508315 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesSteroid-induced rosacealike dermatitis: case report and review of the literature. Cutis. 2009 Apr;83(4):198-204 Authors: Chen AY, Zirwas MJ Steroid-induced rosacealike dermatitis (SIRD) is an eruption composed of papules, pustules, papulovesicles, and sometimes nodules with telangiectatic vessels on a diffuse erythematous and edematous background. It results from prolonged topical steroid use or as a rebound phenomenon after discontinuation of topical steroid. There are 3 types of SIRD that are classified based on the location of the eruption: perioral, centrofacial, and diffuse. Diagnosis of this disease entity relies on a thorough patient history and physical examination. Treatment involves discontinuation of the offending topical steroid and administration of oral and/or topical antibiotics. Topical calcineurin antagonists should be considered as alternative or adjunctive therapies for patients who do not respond to traditional treatments. Dermatologists may need to provide psychological support during office visits for patients who have difficulty dealing with the discontinuation of topical steroid and/or the psychological impact of a flare. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, histopathology, and differential diagnosis of the entity also are reviewed. PMID: 19445310 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesThe molecular pathology of rosacea. J Dermatol Sci. 2009 May 27; Authors: Yamasaki K, Gallo RL Rosacea is a common and chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects over 10 million Americans. Although the phenotypes of rosacea are clinically heterogeneous, they are all related by the presence of chronic facial skin inflammation. Until recently, the pathophysiology of this disease has been poorly understood and limited to descriptions of factors that exacerbate or improve this disorder. Recent molecular studies suggest that an altered innate immune response is involved in the pathogenesis of the vascular and inflammatory disease seen in patients with rosacea. These findings may help explain the benefits of current treatments and suggest new therapeutic strategies helpful for alleviating this disease. This article discusses the possible molecular mechanisms for the pathogenesis of rosacea from current clinical observations and laboratory research. PMID: 19481425 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesContact sensitization to metronidazole from possible occupational exposure. Contact Dermatitis. 2009 Feb;60(2):117-8 Authors: Madsen JT, Lorentzen HF, Paulsen E PMID: 19207390 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related Articles[The role of Versajet in the surgical treatment of rhinophyma. Case report] Ann Chir Plast Esthet. 2009 Feb;54(1):78-81 Authors: Nicolas J, Garmi R, Labbé D, Compère JF, Benateau H Rhinophyma is an hypertrophy of the nose occurring primarily in men, from the age of 40, secondary to hyperplasia and fibrosis of sebaceous glands. This pathology is particularly unsightly and sometimes responsible of nasal obstruction. The treatment of this pathology is primarily surgical and the purpose of all techniques is to carry out a decortication. The authors describe one case of surgical treatment of rhinophyma by hydro-dissection using Versajet. After having presented the other possibilities of surgical technics for the treatment of this pathology, the authors compare the advantages and drawbacks of this new technique compared to those described in the international literature. PMID: 18945534 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesEvidence for a positive regulatory role of strawberry (Fragariaxananassa) Fa WRKY1 and Arabidopsis At WRKY75 proteins in resistance. J Exp Bot. 2009 May 21; Authors: Encinas-Villarejo S, Maldonado AM, Amil-Ruiz F, de Los Santos B, Romero F, Pliego-Alfaro F, Muñoz-Blanco J, Caballero JL Knowledge of the molecular basis of plant resistance to pathogens in species other than Arabidopsis is limited. The function of Fa WRKY1, the first WRKY gene isolated from strawberry (Fragariaxananassa), an important agronomical fruit crop, has been investigated here. Fa WRKY1 encodes a IIc WRKY transcription factor and is up-regulated in strawberry following Colletotrichum acutatum infection, treatments with elicitors, and wounding. Its Arabidopsis sequence homologue, At WRKY75, has been described as playing a role in regulating phosphate starvation responses. However, using T-DNA insertion mutants, a role for the At WRKY75 and Fa WRKY1 in the activation of basal and R-mediated resistance in Arabidopsis is demonstrated. At wrky75 mutants are more susceptible to virulent and avirulent isolates of Pseudomonas syringae. Overexpression of Fa WRKY1 in At wrky75 mutant and wild type reverts the enhanced susceptible phenotype of the mutant, and even increases resistance to avirulent strains of P. syringae. The resistance phenotype is uncoupled to PATHOGENESIS-RELATED (PR) gene expression, but it is associated with a strong oxidative burst and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) induction. Taken together, these results indicate that At WRKY75 and Fa WRKY1 act as positive regulators of defence during compatible and incompatible interactions in Arabidopsis and, very likely, Fa WRKY1 is an important element mediating defence responses to C. acutatum in strawberry. Moreover, these results provide evidence that Arabidopsis can be a useful model for functional studies in Rosacea species like strawberry. PMID: 19470657 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesFungal keratitis associated with ocular rosacea. Int Ophthalmol. 2009 May 23; Authors: Jain V, Shome D, Sajnani M, Natarajan S In order to report fungal keratitis in patients of ocular rosacea, a retrospective review of all cases of fungal keratitis was undertaken. Cases in which ocular rosacea coexisted were identified and included in the study. The clinical course of patients thus identified was studied from the medical records and outcomes were evaluated. A total of three cases of fungal keratitis with coexisting ocular rosacea were identified. All three patients were known cases of acne rosacea with an intermittent, irregular treatment for the same. Previous history of contact lens use, ocular surgery or trauma was not present in any of the cases. Microbiological evaluation revealed Aspergillus flavus as the causative organism in two patients and an unidentified hyaline fungus in the third. Patients received simultaneous therapy for fungal keratitis and ocular rosacea. The ocular surface completely stabilized and the infiltrate resolved in all three cases. The chronic ocular surface changes and induced inflammation in ocular rosacea, along with the instillation of topical steroids for therapy, may create an environmental milieu favorable for fungal keratitis. Microbiological evaluation should be considered, even in cases of suspected sterile keratitis, prior to treatment with topical steroids, so as to prevent the possible worsening of an associated infective corneal condition. PMID: 19466382 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesManagement of benign skin lesions commonly affecting the face: actinic keratosis, seborrheic keratosis, and rosacea. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009 May 21; Authors: Brodsky J PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Patients commonly present to the otolaryngologist for management of benign facial lesions. It is important to be able to both recognize these lesions and offer patients the most effective therapies currently available. Advances in the understanding and management of three of the more common benign skin lesions affecting the face will be addressed in this review, with a particular emphasis on the most current therapeutic options for each lesion. RECENT FINDINGS: Actinic keratosis can now be treated with photodynamic therapy or with many topical agents, as alternatives to traditional surgical techniques. Seborrheic keratosis, as well as actinic keratosis and rosacea, are now often treated with laser therapy. In addition, rosacea management now includes nonantimicrobial topical agents, such as azelaic acid, and a wider armamentarium of systemic agents. SUMMARY: An understanding of these options will allow the clinician to provide patients with optimal treatment outcomes while minimizing unfavorable side effects. PMID: 19465852 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesQuality of life and rosacea: Pulsed dye laser impact. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2009 May 22;:1-3 Authors: Menezes N, Moreira A, Mota G, Baptista A Background: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory eruption of the face that may significantly impair patients' lives, leading to considerable emotional distress and behavioral withdrawal from normal social interactions. The pulsed dye laser is a device that selectively targets oxyhemoglobin with proved efficacy in the treatment of vascular lesions, especially at purpuric doses. Objective: We decided to evaluate the impact of the pulsed dye laser on rosacea patients' quality of life using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score. Methods: Twenty-two patients with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea were enrolled in the study. They were asked to complete a DLQI questionnaire before and after three treatments. Erythema improvement was subjectively evaluated by two investigators who ranked it as equal, better or worse after the three treatments. Results: A statistically significant improvement was observed in the DLQI score after three treatment sessions. All patients were judged by the investigators to have improved facial erythema. Conclusion: This study reinforces the idea that pulsed dye laser usage for the treatment of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea is very efficient, emphasizing that it also has the ability to improve rosacea patients' quality of life. PMID: 19462330 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related Articles[inflammation of the conjunctiva] Ther Umsch. 2009 Mar;66(3):153-61 Authors: Meyer P, Messerli J Inflammations of the conjunctiva represent some of the most frequent eye diseases in general and ophthalmologic practice. Etiologically multiple diseases can be identified. A group of infectious conjunctivites contrasts with a very hereogeneous non-infectious group. Neoplastic processes such as low grade epithelial dysplasias and lymphomas may mascarade conjunctivitis. The differentiation of the various clinical pictures may be challenging for the practitioner. This article reviews the methodology of patient history and clinical work up as well as the symptomatology and treatment options for the most important conjunctivites in clinical practice. PMID: 19266461 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesAczone, a topical gel formulation of the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory dapsone for the treatment of acne. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2009 May;10(5):474-81 Authors: Scheinfeld N Allergen Inc has launched Aczone, a topical gel formulation of the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory agent dapsone, for the potential treatment of acne vulgaris. Oral dapsone has demonstrated efficacy in acne, but was associated with severe side effects such as anemia, which was particularly serious in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Aczone was developed to overcome this limitation, and is formulated using solvent-microparticle technology for improved absorption and action and for fewer side effects. In a phase I clinical trial, systemic exposure to dapsone was 126-fold lower following treatment with Aczone compared with oral dapsone. Aczone significantly reduced lesion counts in patients with acne in phase III trials, and was particularly effective in reducing inflammatory lesions. In a phase IV trial, Aczone was safely applied to patients with G6PD deficiency without inducing anemia. Phase IV trials in patients with acne were ongoing at the time of publication to assess safety and to compare Aczone monotherapy with combinations of Aczone and other anti-acne therapeutics. At the time of publication, Allergen was also developing Aczone for the treatment of rosacea; the drug was undergoing phase II trials for this indication. Aczone appears to be a novel promising anti-acne therapeutic option, particularly for patients with inflammatory acne. PMID: 19431080 [PubMed - in process] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related Articles[Rhinophyma in a black African male patient.] Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac. 2009 May 8; Authors: Allah KC, Kossoko H, Yéo S, Richard Kadio M, Assi Djè Bi Djè V Rhinophyma is an irregular and progressive nasal hypertrophy, due to hyperplasia and fibrosis of the sebaceous glands and surrounding soft tissues. Its etiology is unknown. Its psychosocial, functional, and esthetic consequences may be severe. It is rare in the black African population. We present a case of glandular rhinophyma in a 70-year-old black male patient. OBSERVATION: A 70-year-old male patient consulted for nasal tumors. These lesions had appeared 11 years before, after rosacea acnea. The patient had no specific history, no alcohol addiction nor any particular treatment. The nose was voluminous. The tumors were located on the left nostril ala, the tip of the nose, and the tip and right nostril ala junction. The size of the pediculated lesions was variable. They covered most of the nostril opening and upper lip. Pressure forced out whitish, pasty, and fetid sebum. The lesions were an obstacle to nasal ventilation and feeding. This glandular rhinophyma was responsible for a severe social and affective handicap. It was treated by exeresis and simple closure, under local anesthesia. Operative follow-up was uneventful. No sign of relapse was noted at 20 months. The psychosocial, functional, and esthetic results were satisfactory. DISCUSSION: The rhinophyma is a rare presentation in the black African or Afro-American population. Three cases have been reported so far. PMID: 19428039 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesTopical ophthalmic cyclosporine: pharmacology and clinical uses. Surv Ophthalmol. 2009 May-Jun;54(3):321-38 Authors: Donnenfeld E, Pflugfelder SC Cyclosporine has been used successfully as a systemic immunomodulator for more than two decades, and numerous studies have investigated its mechanisms of action. In 2003 an ophthalmic formulation, cyclosporine 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion, was approved by the FDA to treat dry eye disease. Topical cyclosporine emulsion has also been investigated for treatment of other ocular surface disorders that may have an immune-based inflammatory component. In these trials, cyclosporine 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion has shown efficacy for management of posterior blepharitis, ocular rosacea, post-LASIK dry eye, contact lens intolerance, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, graft-versus-host disease, and herpetic stromal keratitis. As these disorders are often refractory to other available treatments, ophthalmic cyclosporine is a welcome nontoxic adjunct or replacement to potentially toxic topical or systemic immunosuppressive therapies. PMID: 19422961 [PubMed - in process] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesPrevention and therapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the rodent esophagus using freeze-dried black raspberries. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2007 Sep;28(9):1422-8 Authors: Stoner GD, Aziz RM AIM: This study was conducted to determine if short-term treatment of Nnitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced tumors in the rat esophagus with dietary freeze-dried black raspberries (FBR) would result in tumor regression and enhanced survival of the animals. METHODS: Four-week-old male Fisher-344 rats were administered an AIN-76A control diet and injected subcutaneously with 0.5 mg/kg NMBA once per week for 15 weeks. At 19 weeks, when rats had an average of 5-6 tumors (papillomas) per esophagus, they were given a control diet containing either 5%, 10%, or 20% FBR. After 7 weeks of berry treatment, all surviving rats were killed and tumor incidence, number and volume were determined. RESULTS: Esophageal tumor incidences, numbers and volumes in NMBA-treated rats were not influenced by any of the berry treatments. There were progressive increases in the survival of NMBA-treated rats fed 5%-20% FBR diets; however, these increases were not significant. CONCLUSION: FBR at 5%, 10%, and 20% of the diet had no effect on the development of NMBA-induced tumors in the rat esophagus or on animal survival when administered for 7 weeks beginning at the papilloma stage of tumor development. Thus, FBR appear to have no therapeutic value in the treatment of esophageal tumors. In contrast, dietary FBR are highly effective in preventing the development of NMBA-induced esophageal tumors in rats when administered before and during NMBA treatment or shortly after NMBA treatment when the esophagi contain preneoplastic (dysplastic) lesions of varying degrees of severity. PMID: 17723175 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesComparative Efficacy of Nonpurpuragenic Pulsed Dye Laser and Intense Pulsed Light for Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea. Dermatol Surg. 2009 Apr 6; Authors: Neuhaus IM, Zane LT, Tope WD BACKGROUND Erythematotelangiectatic (ET) rosacea is commonly treated with a variety of laser and light-based systems. Although many have been used successfully, there are a limited number of comparative efficacy studies. OBJECTIVE To compare nonpurpuragenic pulsed dye laser (PDL) with intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment in the ability to reduce erythema, telangiectasia, and symptoms in patients with moderate facial ET rosacea. METHODS Twenty-nine patients were enrolled in a randomized, controlled, single-blind, split-face trial with nonpurpuragenic treatment with PDL and IPL and untreated control. Three monthly treatment sessions were performed with initial PDL settings of 10-mm spot size, 7 J/cm(2), 6-ms pulse duration and cryogen cooling, and initial IPL settings of 560-nm filter, a pulse train of 2.4 and 6.0 ms in duration separated by a 15-ms delay, and a starting fluence of 25 J/cm(2). Evaluation measures included spectrophotometric erythema scores, blinded investigator grading, and patient assessment of severity and associated symptoms. RESULTS PDL and IPL resulted in significant reduction in cutaneous erythema, telangiectasia, and patient-reported associated symptoms. No significant difference was noted between PDL and IPL treatment. CONCLUSION A series of nonpurpuragenic PDL and IPL treatments in ET rosacea was performed with similar efficacy and safety, and both modalities seem to be reasonable choices for the treatment of ET rosacea. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters. PMID: 19397667 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesRhinophyma treated with cryosurgery. Dermatol Surg. 2009 Mar;35(3):543-5 Authors: Kempiak SJ, Lee PW, Pelle MT PMID: 19292842 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesAllergic Contact Dermatitis to Antibacterial Agents. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2009 Apr;17(1):70-76 Authors: Gorgievska Sukarovska B, Turčić P, Marasović D, Lipozenčić J Topical antibiotics are frequently introduced in therapy by various specialists, e.g., dermatologists-venereologists, ENT specialists, proctologists, ophthalmologists, and others. In dermatology, topical antibiotics are used in the treatment of superficial inflammatory skin lesions, acne and rosacea. These agents are also used in the prevention of inflammatory lesions after surgical and corrective procedures. Long-term and uncontrolled application of topical antibiotics, on the skin with impaired protective barrier in particular, implies a risk for the development of hypersensitivity to these agents. Considering the very wide utilization of these agents, hypersensitivity to topical antibiotics poses a major problem worldwide. The groups at a high risk of contact sensitivity to topical antibiotics include patients with chronic venous insufficiency, chronic ulcers and chronic otitis externa, as well as individuals at occupational exposure to antibiotics, e.g., human medicine and veterinary medicine professionals, pharmaceutical industry workers, cattle breeders, etc. When long-term therapy fails to result in improvement in the above mentioned chronic states, the possibility of allergic reactions to topical agents should be taken in consideration. Cross-sensitivity, which is frequently associated with the use of topical aminoglycoside antibiotics, poses a significant problem. PMID: 19386217 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesRosacea fulminans confined to the nose. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2009 Apr 2; Authors: Patterson CR, Wilkinson JD, Lewis FM PMID: 19368613 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesCombined carbon dioxide laser and bipolar electrocoagulation: Another option to treat rhinophyma. J Dermatolog Treat. 2009 Jan 1;:1-3 Authors: Cravo M, Miguel Canelas M, Carlos Cardoso J, Vieira R, Figueiredo A Rhinophyma is a progressive and disfiguring disorder of the nose characterized by hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands and dermal tissue, representing the end-stage of rosacea. Four male patients affected by a moderate-severe rhinophyma were treated using a combined therapy with carbon dioxide laser and bipolar electrocoagulation. All patients achieved marked cosmetic results with minimal scarring. Various surgical approaches have been described to treat this condition but as yet there is no agreement in the literature on the ideal treatment. This combined method provides a bloodless operative field which allows the sculpting of the hypertrophic areas, leading to a good cosmetic outcome and a pain-free postoperative recovery. PMID: 19365784 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesImpact of order of application of moisturizers on percutaneous absorption kinetics: evaluation of sequential application of moisturizer lotions and azelaic acid gel 15% using a human skin model. Cutis. 2009 Mar;83(3):119-24 Authors: Del Rosso JQ, Lehman PA, Raney SG The medical management of rosacea increasingly has involved not only the appropriate selection of topical medication but also patient education and specific recommendations regarding appropriate skin care. The recognition that epidermal barrier dysfunction and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) play a pathophysiologic role in rosacea and that skin moisturization may help to mitigate signs and symptoms of the disease has led to a deeper appreciation of the importance of proper skin care in the treatment of rosacea. Data from a percutaneous penetration study performed using human skin suggest that any of the tested moisturizer lotions may be applied either before or after azelaic acid gel 15% without a major change in the percutaneous absorption profile of azelaic acid. PMID: 19363903 [PubMed - in process] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesConfocal Raman microspectroscopy on excised human skin: uncertainties in depth profiling and mathematical correction applied to dermatological drug permeation. J Biophotonics. 2008 May;1(2):140-53 Authors: Tfayli A, Piot O, Manfait M Confocal Raman microspectroscopy represents the advantage of giving structural and conformational information on samples without any destructive treatment. Recently, several studies were achieved to study the skin hydration, endogenous and exogenous molecules repartition in the skin using the confocal feature of this technique. Meanwhile, when working through a material boundary with a different refractive index, the main limitation remains the spatial precision, especially the distortion in the depth and the depth resolution. Recently, several authors described mathematical models to correct the depth and the resolution values. In this study, we combined theoretical approaches, proposed by different authors with experimental measurements to try to find out the most appropriate approach for correction. We then applied the corrections on in-depth profiles tracking the penetration of Metronidazole, a drug produced by Galderma for rosacea treatment, through excised human skin. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim). PMID: 19343645 [PubMed - in process] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesRosacea and its topical management. Skin Therapy Lett. 2009 Feb;14(2):1-3 Authors: Gooderham M Many options exist for the treatment of rosacea, including topical and systemic therapies, laser and light-based therapies, and surgical procedures. A classification system for rosacea identifies 4 subtypes (i.e., erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular), which may help guide therapeutic decision-making. The goals of therapy include reduction of papules, pustules, erythema, physical discomfort, and an improvement in quality of life. Standard topical treatment agents include metronidazole, azelaic acid, and sodium sulfacetamide-sulfur. Second line therapies include benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin, calcineurin inhibitors, and permethrin. PMID: 19330270 [PubMed - in process] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesSkin findings in thyroid diseases. Eur J Intern Med. 2009 Mar;20(2):158-161 Authors: Artantaş S, Gül U, Kılıç A, Güler S BACKGROUND: In cases of thyroid diseases, many of the symptoms arise on the skin. In this study, we aimed to detect and compare the skin findings and accompanying dermatoses of patients with thyroid diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 220 patients with thyroid diseases, who did not have any medical cure, and 90 healthy individuals as a control group attended our study. All of the cases were examined, and the skin findings and/or dermatoses were recorded. The skin findings in the patients and the control group were compared statistically. RESULTS: Among 220 cases, in 125 (56.8%) skin findings were detected. The most frequently observed skin findings were chronic urticaria (6.8%), vitiligo (6.8%), diffuse alopecia (6%), acne vulgaris (5%) and acne rosacea (3.6%). No significant difference was detected statistically between the patients and control group in terms of skin findings. When compared for the presence of each dermatosis, chronic urticaria, vitiligo and pruritus were found to be significantly higher in the patient group with thyroid diseases than in the control group. In terms of the presence of skin findings, no statistical difference was detected between autoimmune hyperthyroidism and non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism, between autoimmune hypothyroidism and non-autoimmune hypothyroidism, or between autoimmune euthyroidism and non-autoimmune euthyroidism. Chronic urticaria, vitiligo, and diffuse alopecia were found to be significantly higher in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases than in the control group. Vitiligo and diffuse alopecia were found to be higher in autoimmune hyperthyroidism patients than in the control group. Vitiligo was found to be significantly higher in autoimmune hypothyroidism patients than in the control group. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, no report investigating the skin findings among thyroid diseases exists in literature. We believe this study would provide data for further studies. PMID: 19327604 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesRecent insights into the role of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DPIV) and aminopeptidase N (APN) families in immune functions. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2009;47(3):253-61 Authors: Ansorge S, Bank U, Heimburg A, Helmuth M, Koch G, Tadje J, Lendeckel U, Wolke C, Neubert K, Faust J, Fuchs P, Reinhold D, Thielitz A, Täger M Abstract Background: In the past, different research groups could show that treatment of immune cells with inhibitors of post-proline splitting dipeptidyl aminopeptidases leads to functional changes in the immune system consistent with immunosuppression. This is due to the inhibition of proliferation of lymphocytes and the production of inflammatory cytokines of the TH(1), TH(2), and TH(17) cells as well as the induction of immunosuppressive cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and interleukin (IL)-1RA. Until recently, most of the effects of these inhibitors on immune functions were attributed to the inhibition of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DPIV/CD26). With the identification of new peptidases of the DPIV family (DASH) with the same or similar substrate specificity [fibroblast activation protein (FAP), DP8/9], the question arose whether and to what extent the inhibition of intracellularly localized enzymes, DP8 and DP9, contribute to the observed immunosuppression. In addition, members of the aminopeptidase N (APN) family are also involved in the regulation of immune functions. Hence, the concept of a combined targeting of both families of peptidases for treatment of inflammatory diseases is a promising strategy. Results/Conclusions: Summarizing data obtained from the usage of different non-selective and selective inhibitors of DPIV, DP8/9, FAP, and DPII, this review provides evidence that in addition to DPIV, DP8/9 also regulate the immune response via modulation of cell cycle progression and cytokine production. The strongest and most consistent effects in vitro were, however, observed with non-selective inhibitors for the suppression of DNA synthesis and cytokine production. Similar effects were provoked by APN inhibitors, which were also found to suppress DNA synthesis and the production of inflammatory cytokines in vitro. However, different mechanisms and signaling pathways appear to mediate the cellular effects resulting from the inhibition of either APN or DPIV family members. In particular, members of the APN family uniquely influence the function of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T-cells. Consequently, the concomitant inhibition of both APN and DPIV enzyme families by means of two separate inhibitors or by binary inhibitors with specificity for both enzyme families (PETIR, peptidase targeted immunoregulation) synergistically affects immune cells on the level of cell cycle regulation, suppression of TH(1), TH(2), and TH(17) cytokines as well as the activation of regulatory T-cells. Besides leukocytes, dermal cells as sebocytes, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts are also targeted by these inhibitors. This strongly suggests a broad potential of the multiple anti-inflammatory effects of PETIR in treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, allergies, and transplant rejections, as well as of inflammatory skin diseases, such as acne, psoriasis, rosacea or atopic dermatitis. The first active dual inhibitor, IP10.C8, has been developed by IMTM for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases and has just entered the first phase II study. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:253-61. PMID: 19327105 [PubMed - in process] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesInnovations in natural antioxidants and their role in dermatology. Cutis. 2008 Dec;82(6 Suppl):2-16 Authors: Ditre C, Wu J, Baumann LS, Rigel D The use of natural products for skin care has become more common in the past few years. Consumers are more aware of unnatural chemicals and other toxins and are searching for natural products to use on their skin. Fortunately, a large number of botanical antioxidants exist and are being marketed as either over-the-counter or prescription skin care products. Antioxidants can have profound effects on the intracellular signaling pathways involved in skin damage and thus may be protective against photodamage as well as may prevent wrinkles and inflammation. This supplement discusses the potent effect that botanical antioxidants may have in the management of a broad range of skin issues, from photoaging to inflammatory skin conditions. PMID: 19227685 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...p;dopt=Abstract = URL to article