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Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2021 Nov 9;14:1629-1636. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S336194. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Monocyte subsets, including classical, intermediate and non-classical monocytes, are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. The pathogenic role of monocytes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with rosacea remains unclear. This study aimed to assess frequencies of monocyte subsets in PBMCs from rosacea patients before and after clinical treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We applied flow cytometry to examine frequencies of monocyte subsets in 116 patients with rosacea, while patients with 26 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 28 acne and 42 normal healthy subjects without skin problems (HC) were recruited as controls. Expression of C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) on monocytes and plasma levels of CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured in HC and rosacea patients before and after treatment. RESULTS: The frequency of classical monocytes, but not intermediate or non-classical monocytes, was higher in rosacea as compared with HC, which decreased after treatment. Frequencies of monocyte subsets showed no gender difference, while increased with age in patients but not in HC. Frequencies of classical monocytes in patients with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR) and ETR-papulopustular rosacea (PPR) overlap were significantly higher than HC or patients with only PPR or phymatous rosacea (PhR). There was a significant higher expression of CCR2 in classical monocytes, with higher plasma levels of CCL2, HMGB-1, IL-1β and TNF-α in patients than in HC, which all significantly decreased after treatment. CONCLUSION: Our data indicated a possible association between abnormal classical monocytes frequencies and rosacea. PMID:34803388 | PMC:PMC8601253 | DOI:10.2147/CCID.S336194 {url} = URL to article

Clin Exp Dermatol. 2021 Nov 19. doi: 10.1111/ced.15021. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Timolol, a non-selective β-adrenergic receptor blocker, is well-tolerated and is becoming increasingly popular in dermatology especially after its use in the management of infantile hemangiomas. Its effects are mainly due to vasoconstriction, inhibition of angiogenesis and keratinocyte migration promotion for re-epithelialization and wound healing. We review the evidence behind the use of timolol in several dermatological conditions including infantile hemangiomas, pyogenic granulomas, Kaposi's sarcoma, chronic wound healing, post-surgical wounds, acne vulgaris, rosacea, eczema and red scrotum syndrome. PMID:34798680 | DOI:10.1111/ced.15021 {url} = URL to article

Clin Dermatol. 2021 Sep-Oct;39(5):772-783. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2021.05.005. Epub 2021 May 21. ABSTRACT Early identification of cutaneous manifestations of alcohol and illicit drug use can aid in the diagnosis and management of these uses, as well as their sequelae. In addition, the effects of alcohol and illicit drug use on the skin can result in significant morbidity. Alcohol misuse can present with jaundice, pruritus, pigmentary alterations, urticaria, hair and nail changes, and oral changes. It is also a risk factor for skin cancer and infections. Vascular disturbances associated with alcohol misuse include telangiectasias, palmar erythema, caput medusae, and flushing. Diseases related to alcohol misuse include nutritional deficiencies, porphyria cutanea tarda, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, nummular dermatitis, and rosacea. Other conditions seen in alcohol misuse include Dupuytren contracture, Peyronie disease, and pancreatitis. Dermatologists should also be aware of hepatotoxic medications that are commonly prescribed for skin diseases so as to avoid initiating hepatoxicity in patients who use alcohol. Illicit drug use can manifest with cutaneous fibrosis, scarring, granulomas, ulceration, pruritus, infections, cocaine-levamisole-induced vasculitis, tooth decay, and oral disease. By recognizing the cutaneous stigmata of alcohol and illicit drug use, dermatologists can aid in the identification and treatment of patients suffering from these addictions. PMID:34785005 | DOI:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2021.05.005 {url} = URL to article

Clin Dermatol. 2021 Sep-Oct;39(5):829-839. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2021.08.021. Epub 2021 Sep 3. ABSTRACT The microbiome plays a significant role in human health, homeostasis, immune system, and disease pathogenesis. Disrupted communication between the microbiome and host has been extensively studied in gastrointestinal diseases. To a lesser extent, there is emerging research on the skin microbiome and its connection with the gut, referred to as the gut-skin axis and its effects on dermatologic conditions. A basic overview will be provided of the gut and skin microbiome with a focus on the impact of this connection on cutaneous diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, acne vulgaris, photoaging, and cutaneous wounds. In addition, we shall discuss nutrition-based approaches mediated through the gut-skin axis and topical treatments that could serve as potential adjunctive management by manipulation of the microbiome. In particular, there is a growing body of research on oral probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary modifications that may help improve symptoms for a variety of dermatologic conditions in select demographic groups. PMID:34785010 | DOI:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2021.08.021 {url} = URL to article Microbiome-based therapeutic strategies

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021 Nov 15. doi: 10.1111/jdv.17817. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The plethora of pharmacologic treatments used for periorificial dermatitis (POD) makes clinical decision-making challenging. The objectives of this review were to assess the efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions for POD in children and adults. The search was performed on 2 February 2021 and included 7 databases and trial registries, with no date or language restrictionsStudy selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessments were performed independently and in duplicate by two authors, in accordance with a pre-specified protocol. Meta-analyses were performed and reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Where meta-analysis was not possible, a narrative synthesis was performed and reported in accordance with SWiM guidelines. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Eleven studies representing 733 participants were included. Oral tetracycline may improve physician-reported severity of POD from day 20 onwards (low certainty evidence). Adverse effects may include abdominal discomfort, facial dryness, and pruritus. Pimecrolimus cream may improve physician-reported severity slightly after 4 weeks of treatment (MD -0.49, 95% CI -1.02 to 0.04, n=164, low certainty evidence). Adverse effects may include erythema, herpes simplex virus infection, burning and pruritus. Azelaic acid gel may result in no change in either physician- or patient-reported severity after 6 weeks of treatment. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of praziquantel ointment on physician-reported severity and skin-related quality of life after 4 weeks of treatment. The evidence is also very uncertain about the effect of topical clindamycin/ benzoyl peroxide on physician-reported severity. The body of evidence to inform treatment of POD currently consists of low and very low certainty evidence for important outcomes. Well-designed trials are needed to further investigate treatment options. Data is required for children and from low-middle income countries to improve external validity. Future trials should also include adequate post-treatment follow-up and standardized outcome measures. PMID:34779023 | DOI:10.1111/jdv.17817 {url} = URL to article

Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 7;22(21):12035. doi: 10.3390/ijms222112035. ABSTRACT Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels, is associated with inflammation in various pathological conditions. Well-known angiogenetic factors include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietins, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, and basic fibroblast growth factor. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) have recently been added to an important angiogenic factor. Accumulating evidence indicates associations between angiogenesis and chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Angiogenesis is deeply involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. VEGF, angiopoietins, tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-8, and interleukin-17 are unregulated in psoriasis and induce angiogenesis. Angiogenesis may be involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, and in particular, mast cells are a major source of VEGF expression. Angiogenesis is an essential process in rosacea, which is induced by LL-37 from a signal cascade by microorganisms, VEGF, and MMP-3 from mast cells. In addition, angiogenesis by increased VEGF has been reported in chronic urticaria and hidradenitis suppurativa. The finding that VEGF is expressed in inflammatory skin lesions indicates that inhibition of angiogenesis is a useful strategy for treatment of chronic, inflammatory skin disorders. PMID:34769465 | DOI:10.3390/ijms222112035 {url} = URL to article

Pharmacol Res. 2021 Nov 8:105971. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105971. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory disease that affects the middle of the face. Due to the unclear pathogenesis, the effective treatment options for rosacea remain limited. In this study, weighted gene co-expression network analyses (WGCNA) identified three rosacea-related hub modules, which were involved in immune-, metabolic- and development- related signaling pathways. Next, the key genes from green and brown modules were submitted to CMap database for drug prediction and metformin was identified as a candidate drug for rosacea. Moreover, network pharmacology analysis identified pharmacological targets of metformin and demonstrated that metformin could help in treating rosacea partly by modulating inflammatory and angiogenesis signaling pathways. Finally, we verified the therapeutic role and mechanism of metformin on rosacea in vivo and vitro. We found that metformin treatment significantly improved rosacea-like skin lesions including immune cells infiltration, cytokines/chemokines expression and angiogenesis. Moreover, metformin suppressed LL37- and TNF-α-induced the ROS production and MAPK-NF-κB signal activation in keratinocytes cells. In conclusion, our findings identified and verified metformin as a novel therapeutic candidate for rosacea, and it alleviates the pathological symptoms, possibly by suppressing inflammatory responses, angiogenesis in rosacea. PMID:34763093 | DOI:10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105971 {url} = URL to article

Indian J Dermatol. 2021 Jul-Aug;66(4):343-346. doi: 10.4103/ijd.IJD_18_20. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Granulomatous rosacea is a distinct variant of rosacea because of its unique histopatholiogic findings. However, the pathogenesis of granulomatous rosacea has not yet been clearly demonstrated. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of toll-like receptor 2, mast cells, and neurofilaments in the granulomatous rosacea compared with the non-granulomatous rosacea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biopsy specimens were obtained from 12 patients with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, 11 patients with granulomatous rosacea, and 11 control patients. Biopsy tissue blocks were subjected to immunohistochemical staining using antibodies against toll-like receptor 2, mast cells, and neurofilaments. RESULTS: In granulomatous rosacea, the expression of mast cells increased significantly, compared to the erythematotelangiectatic rosacea and the control group (P-value = 0.001 and 0.013, respectively). Additionally, the expression of toll-like receptor 2 in the granulomatous rosacea group was higher than that in the control group (P-value = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the increased expression of mast cells may be a sign of chronic, later stage of granulomatous rosacea compared to the erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. The increased expression of toll-like receptor 2 suggests that cathelicidin-induced neuroimmune pathogenesis also contributes to the pathophysiology of granulomatous rosacea. PMID:34759390 | PMC:PMC8530054 | DOI:10.4103/ijd.IJD_18_20 {url} = URL to article

Indian J Dermatol. 2021 Jul-Aug;66(4):401-404. doi: 10.4103/ijd.IJD_759_20. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The gradual opening of healthcare system since second week of May 2020 following lockdown imposed due to corona virus pandemic saw spurts of cases of unexplained central facial dermatoses in subset of previously healthy people. The aim of the study was to find out the cause and establish the definitive diagnosis of unusual occurrence of facial dermatoses on previously healthy people so that an appropriate management can be offered to the patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a cross-sectional, observational study carried during May 15 to July 15, 2020 at a tertiary dermatology center. All cases presented with erythema on face and papular or pustular lesions on central facial area of not more than 2 months of duration were included in the study. RESULTS: Total 81 patients visited skin OPD with facial dermatoses of various types during this period, out of which 21 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. This was 0.72% (21/2900) of total skin OPD of the 2 months. All the patients had been using face masks during this period of symptoms due to the ongoing coronavirus situation. Dermatological examination revealed only erythema on the central area of face (n = 10), erythema and few papules (n = 3), erythmatous papules and pustules (n = 5), and erythematous papules, pustules, and telengiectasia (n = 3). All the skin biopsies showed predominantly epithelioid cells, noncaseating granuloma with a variable degree of infiltrate. CONCLUSION: There has been a definite change in the lifestyle due to the current Covid-19 pandemic. People are compulsorily using face masks to avoid the spread of Covid-19 infection. This change in behavior has brought out a surge of rosacea like lesions on the covered area of face. Partly, it can be explained by change in innate immunity due to excessive sweating and change in microenvironment of skin. PMID:34759399 | PMC:PMC8530062 | DOI:10.4103/ijd.IJD_759_20 {url} = URL to article

Dermatol Online J. 2021 Aug 15;27(8). doi: 10.5070/D327854724. NO ABSTRACT PMID:34755972 | DOI:10.5070/D327854724 {url} = URL to article

Dermatol Online J. 2021 Sep 15;27(9). doi: 10.5070/D327955140. ABSTRACT We present a 76-year old man who developed papulopustular rosacea after receiving nivolumab treatment for his esophageal carcinoma, metastatic to the lungs. Nivolumab is an emerging cancer therapy whose immune-related adverse events are still not fully recognized and likely underreported. The treatment has been reported to cause a myriad of cutaneous immune-related adverse events. However, nivolumab-induced-papulopustular rosacea has been scarcely reported. Thus, this case presents a clinically important finding that physicians should be aware of when seeing patients on nivolumab therapy. PMID:34755982 | DOI:10.5070/D327955140 {url} = URL to article

Saudi Med J. 2021 Nov;42(11):1195-1200. doi: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210560. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: To assess the quality of life (QoL) of patients with different dermatological diseases. Multiple international studies have evaluated the QoL among patients with different dermatological diseases; however, few studies of this kind have been conducted in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study was carried out in the dermatology outpatient clinics of King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from September 2019 until February 2020. Data was collected using the validated Arabic version of the Dermatology of Life Quality Index (DLQI). RESULTS: A total of 391 patients ≥18 years participated in the study. The mean age of participants was 33 years (18-75 years). Most participants in this study reported that their dermatological disease had a small or no effect on their QoL (62.5%). The majority of patients who had acne vulgaris (79.7%), vitiligo (79.3%), hair disorders (76.9%), or rosacea (71.5%) reported a small to no effects on their QoL. However, diseases that reflected the largest percentages of a large to extremely large effect on QoL were urticaria (37.1%), eczema (26.6%), and psoriasis (24%). A total of 42.9% of the participants suffered from lichen planus and 66.7% of participants suffered from cutaneous neoplasms reported a moderate effect on their QoL. CONCLUSION: Understanding the impact of different dermatological diseases on QoL can help dermatologists to improve thier patients' QoL. Therefore, we recommend that further studies on this topic be conducted in multiple health centers. PMID:34732551 | DOI:10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210560 {url} = URL to article

Int Ophthalmol. 2021 Nov 2. doi: 10.1007/s10792-021-02093-5. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate ocular surface manifestations in patients with acne rosecea (AR) and to find out main features indicating a propensity toward an association with disease diagnosis. METHODS: Right eyes of consecutive 76 AR patients and 113 age-gender matched healthy subjects were enrolled. Ophthalmologic examinations including tear break-up time (t-BUT) and Schirmer-2 tests to analyze tear film insufficiency, optical coherence tomography (OCT)-assisted infrared meibography to analyze meibomian gland drop-out, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire were performed in all participants. RESULTS: No statistically differences were found in visual acuity, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, and axial length assessments between the study and control eyes. Study eyes had more foreign body sensation, itching, dryness, hyperemia, conjunctival telangiectasia, and meibomitis (p ≤ 0.005, for all). Significantly higher t-BUT and Schirmer-2 tests; lower-eyelid and total OCT meibography; and OSDI scores were found in AR patients (p < 0.05, for all). Among all, only conjunctival telangiectasia (p = 0.001; OR:0.070, 95% CI:0.015-0.330) was found to be major independent predictor for AR diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Detailed slit-lamp examination to detect any conjunctival telangiectasia seems to be crucial in recalcitrant dry eye cases, not to miss underlying AR. Especially, lower-eyelid OCT meibography score may be sensitively used for disease staging. PMID:34727263 | DOI:10.1007/s10792-021-02093-5 {url} = URL to article

J Craniofac Surg. 2021 Nov-Dec 01;32(8):2821-2822. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000007567. ABSTRACT Rhinophyma, the final stage of acne rosacea, severely influences the patient's appearance and can only be treated by surgical methods. This case reports a simple, safe, effective, and economical surgical method-five-blade scratcher. After the surgical treatment, the overall nasal contour of the patient, a male with severe rosacea, was restored without scar formation. Thus, this surgical method reported in this case is feasible and easy to operate, and worthy of clinical promotion. PMID:34727484 | DOI:10.1097/SCS.0000000000007567 {url} = URL to article

J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021 Oct 31. doi: 10.1111/jocd.14556. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: No researches about the interaction among the risk factors for rosacea were conducted. Some studies prompted obesity and spicy food may have some common pathways. AIMS: To clarify the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and rosacea, and explore the interaction between BMI and spicy food consumption in rosacea. METHODS: This hospital-based case-control study enrolled 1347 rosacea patients and 1290 healthy subjects. The demographic data and clinical data were collected. The association between BMI and rosacea, and the relative excess risk due to interaction of BMI and spicy food consumption was calculated. RESULTS: No interaction was found between underweight, overweight/obesity, and spicy food consumption with regard to the risk of rosacea, mild-to-moderate rosacea, papulopustular rosacea (PPR), or phymatous rosacea (PhR). And underweight and overweight/obesity were not significant associated with rosacea, mild-to-moderate rosacea, PPR, or PhR (p > 0.05). However, spicy food consumption was significantly interacted with underweight on the risk of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR), and with overweight/obesity on the risk of severe rosacea. Underweight was associated with increased risk of ETR (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21, 3.03) among spicy no users, but the association was attenuated into insignificant level when mixed with spicy food factor (p > 0.05). Among moderated spicy food consumers, overweight/obesity was associated with decreased risk of severe rosacea (aOR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.98), but overweight/obesity was insignificant associated with severe rosacea among spicy no users and heavy spicy food consumers (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Body weight status alone was not significantly associated with rosacea, but the interaction between body weight status and spicy food consumption is involved in the rosacea. PMID:34719110 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.14556 {url} = URL to article

Dermatol Ther. 2021 Oct 29:e15180. doi: 10.1111/dth.15180. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: An important goal of effective rosacea treatment is to maximize the duration of remission. METHODS: This was a 2-part study. Part 1 was a multicenter, open-label, 12-week study in which adults with moderate or severe inflammatory lesions (papules and pustules) of rosacea received subantibiotic dose oral doxycycline 40mg modified release (SDD40 ) and topical metronidazole gel 1%. Part 2 was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 40-week study in which successfully treated subjects received once-daily SDD40 or placebo capsules. The primary objective was to assess relapse and efficacy during long-term use of SDD40 versus placebo. Relapse was defined as a return to baseline Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) or lesion count, or any other necessary change in treatment. RESULTS: Part 1 enrolled 235 subjects. Sixty-five subjects in the SDD40 treatment group and 65 subjects in the placebo group met the definition of treatment success at week 12, and were included in the part 2 analysis. At the end of part 2, half as many subjects in the SDD40 group had relapsed compared to the placebo group (13.8% [n = 9] vs. 27.7% [n = 18], P < .05). Significant differences in the median change in inflammatory lesion counts were also observed (P < .05). Adverse events (AEs) were generally mild-moderate in severity, and most were not treatment-related. Stinging/burning responded with more improvement in subjects treated with SDD40 . CONCLUSION: After 52 weeks of once-daily treatment, subantibiotic dose doxycycline significantly reduced the relapse rate and inflammatory lesion counts in subjects with moderate-to-severe inflammatory rosacea. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID:34713539 | DOI:10.1111/dth.15180 {url} = URL to article

Clin Exp Dermatol. 2021 Oct 28. doi: 10.1111/ced.14994. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Acne and rosacea are common inflammatory skin conditions present in numerous racial and ethnic groups. There are distinct differences in clinical presentation, exacerbating factors, potential triggers and consequences of both conditions in individuals with skin of colour (SOC, Fitzpatrick skin type III-VI). For example, acne can be complicated by the development of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and keloids scarring in SOC, this can influence treatment choice. Although rosacea is reported less frequently in skin of colour, this may be due to a delayed diagnosis or late presentation due to the difficulty in discerning the classical feature of erythema in darker skin tones. In such cases, additional clues in the history and examination may assist in making the diagnosis. This review aims to summarise nuances in the both diagnosis and management of two these common skin conditions in patients with skin of colour to support clinicians in providing an individualised treatment approach. PMID:34709676 | DOI:10.1111/ced.14994 {url} = URL to article

J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021 Oct 27. doi: 10.1111/jocd.14546. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: How diseases associated with skin discoloration affect the quality of life (QoL) has rarely been examined. In this study, we directly compared the QoL and willingness to pay (WTP) among patients with skin disorders associated with facial discoloration. METHODS: A single-center, cross-sectional study consisting of patients seeking treatment for facial discoloration was performed. All patients completed the dermatology life quality index (DLQI) and the short form 36 (SF-36) health survey questionnaires. Additionally, information regarding monthly income and the WTP for a complete cure of the affected condition was obtained. RESULTS: Patients with melasma (58), lentigo (56), postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (5), vitiligo (51), acne-induced erythema (10), and rosacea (31) were enrolled. Vitiligo, acne-induced erythema, and rosacea patients reported significantly worse QoL compared to lentigines or melasma patients as evaluated by DLQI. Using SF-36, rosacea patients were affected mentally the most as they reported the worst mental component scores, and the scores were significantly worse than that of melasma patients (rosacea vs. melisma = 46.5 vs. 52.7, p = 0.007). Vitiligo patients had the worst general health scores. Although there were no differences in the WTP among different diseases, the vitiligo group had the highest percentage of patients willing to pay more than 40% of their monthly income for a complete cure. CONCLUSIONS: The impact on QoL is different among skin diseases associated with facial discoloration. Only vitiligo patients reported worse general health as compared to the general population, explaining the discordance between life quality scores and WTP in these patients. PMID:34706154 | DOI:10.1111/jocd.14546 {url} = URL to article

Hautarzt. 2021 Oct 26. doi: 10.1007/s00105-021-04905-2. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been able to establish itself in recent years not only in academic-scientific, but also in everyday dermatological practice. Its focus lies on epithelial tumors of the skin, which can be diagnosed intuitively and within a few seconds. Thus, basal cell carcinomas, actinic keratoses, and different stages of field cancerization can be diagnosed and monitored for response to therapy or possible recurrence. This often helps to avoid invasive sample extraction. Recently, the field of OCT and its latest advancement, dynamic OCT (D-OCT), has been expanded to include non-oncologic dermatological diseases. This encompasses inflammatory dermatoses and the analysis of physiological skin parameters such as hydration. Thanks to automated vascular imaging and the measurement of objective parameters such as epidermal thickness, blood flow at depth, optical attenuation coefficient, and skin roughness, more and more characteristics of the skin can be studied in a noninvasive and standardized way. New potential areas of application are eczema, contact allergic dermatitis, psoriasis, rosacea, telangiectasia, acute and chronic wounds, melasma and nevus flammeus but also melanocytic lesions. PMID:34698874 | DOI:10.1007/s00105-021-04905-2 {url} = URL to article

Clin Exp Dermatol. 2021 Oct 20. doi: 10.1111/ced.14987. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT For several decades, there has been a significant growth in the incidence of autoimmune diseases. Studies indicate that genetic factors may not be the only trigger for disease development and that dysbiosis of the microbiome may be another mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The role of the microbiome in the development of common skin disorders such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, and rosacea is increasingly well understood. However, few studies have focused on lichen planus and the rare acquired immunobullous diseases (AIBD), both mucocutaneous groups of disorders linked to skin, oral and gut microbiomes. This review provides an insight into the current understanding of how the microbiome may contribute to the development of autoimmunity as well as themaintenance and exacerbation of acquired immunobullous and lichenoid diseases. These mechanisms may have implications for future preventive and therapeutic approaches. PMID:34669983 | DOI:10.1111/ced.14987 {url} = URL to article

Int J Cosmet Sci. 2021 Oct 18. doi: 10.1111/ics.12744. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Skin microbiomes vary across individuals. They are known to play essential roles in maintaining homeostasis and preventing infectious pathogens. In recent years, cosmetic product development has begun to focus on the relationship between skin microbiomes and skin conditions. However, the statistical methods used in many studies include the standard t-test and small-scale correlation analysis, which do not take into account the internal correlation structure in data on skin microbiomes and skin features. In this study, we aimed to understand the relationship between skin microbiomes and skin features by analysing complex microbiomes and skin data. METHODS: We obtained data on 19 skin characteristics and skin microbiomes based on 16s ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene analysis of 276 healthy Japanese women. We then performed the principal component analysis (PCA), a method that takes into account the internal correlation structure, on 234 panels of them that did not contain outliers or missing values. We confirmed the relationship between skin microbiomes and skin features with principal component regression analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). RESULTS: The principal component regression analysis showed strong relationships between skin microbiomes and sebum-related skin characteristics and skin pH. In the HCA, the female panel was classified into two major groups based on the skin microbiome. Furthermore, there were significant differences in sebum-related skin characteristics and the way skin condition changes with ageing between those groups, suggesting the possibility of measuring skin condition and age-related skin risk based on microbiome data. In addition, sebum-related characteristics differed significantly among middle-aged participants, suggesting a strong relationship between skin microbiomes and sebum-related characteristics. CONCLUSION: Analysis of skin condition and skin microbiome in Japanese women, taking into account the correlation between variables, showed that skin microbiome was significantly related to the number of pores and the amount of sebum. Furthermore, it was suggested that the skin condition and the way the skin condition changes with ageing may differ depending on the type of skin microbiome. The finding of a relationship between skin condition and skin microbiome suggests the possibility of proposing a new beauty method focusing on the skin microbiome in the future. PMID:34664300 | DOI:10.1111/ics.12744 {url} = URL to article

Dermatol Ther. 2021 Oct 19. doi: 10.1111/dth.15162. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT With the recent interest in medical marijuana, research into cannabinoids is regaining wider attention. Cannabinoids are collectively a group of active compounds that can be produced by animals (endocannabinoids), plants (phytocannabinoids) or synthetically. By acting on a number of different receptors like cannabinoids receptors and transient receptor potential ion channel family, cannabinoids are known to modulate cutaneous inflammation, pain and itch. Rosacea is a highly prevalent disease and can be associated with a significant degree of morbidity associated with its symptom. Transient receptor potential ion channels are known to be triggered in rosacea and may underlie a portion of rosacea's pathophysiology. This article aims to detail the TRP channel pathways in rosacea and the known effects of cannabinoids on these pathways and further discussing the potential role of cannabinoids in treating rosacea. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID:34664381 | DOI:10.1111/dth.15162 {url} = URL to article

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2021 Oct 18. doi: 10.1007/s13555-021-00613-w. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Depression and anxiety are common among people with rosacea. However, the exact magnitude of the prevalence rate and odds ratios (ORs) for depression and anxiety, respectively, in rosacea patients is unclear, and no systematic review or meta-analysis of published data has yet been performed. We therefore performed as systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence rates and ORs for depression and anxiety in rosacea patients. METHODS: We performed a systematic search of the PubMed, Embase and Medline databases for all observational studies published up to October 2020 that reported the prevalence rates and ORs for depression and anxiety in patients with rosacea. The primary outcome measures were prevalence rates and ORs for depression and anxiety in patients with rosacea. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed with the I2 statistic. Sources of heterogeneity were explored through subgroup and meta-regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 14 studies involving 14,134,021 patients with rosacea were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of depression was 19.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.0-24.3%) and that of anxiety was 15.6% (95% CI 11.8-19.3%). The prevalence of depression and anxiety was significantly lower in studies using clinical criteria to diagnose depression and anxiety (9.2 and 10.2%, respectively) than in those studies using screening tools (26.2% [P < 0.01] and 22.7% [P = 0.03], respectively). The methodological quality of the included studies greatly contributed to the heterogeneity. Patients with rosacea were more likely to experience depression (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.79-2.72) and anxiety (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.56-3.44) than healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that patients with rosacea are at a higher risk of experiencing depression and anxiety. More efforts are warranted to recognize and manage depression and anxiety in patients with rosacea. PMID:34657997 | DOI:10.1007/s13555-021-00613-w {url} = URL to article

Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2021 Aug;38(4):590-596. doi: 10.5114/ada.2021.108917. Epub 2021 Sep 17. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Inflammation, immune system disorders, Demodex infestation, neurovascular dysregulation and oxidative stress are thought to be contributory factors in the pathogenesis of rosacea. AIM: To evaluate the presence of Demodex mites, the morphologic features of the nailfold capillaries, and the systemic oxidative stress status in patients with rosacea. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-one patients diagnosed with rosacea and 37 healthy age- and gender-matched subjects were included in this prospective case-control study. The presence of Demodex infestation, the findings of nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC), and the status of systemic oxidative stress measured by total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were evaluated. RESULTS: Demodex infestation rates were significantly higher in rosacea patients than in controls (p = 0.001). Increases in the diameters of the capillaries and the presence of avascular areas and crossing and abnormal structures were significantly more common in rosacea patients than in the healthy controls (p < 0.01, p = 0.016, p = 0.02, p < 0.001, respectively), and hairpin structures were significantly less common in rosacea patients than in the controls (p < 0.001). The presence of crossing capillaries was positively correlated with higher TOC levels (p = 0.05), while abnormal structures were found to be correlated with lower levels of TAC (p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Oxidative status and NFC may play diagnostic and prognostic roles in rosacea, which should be confirmed by studies with larger sample sizes. PMID:34658699 | PMC:PMC8501418 | DOI:10.5114/ada.2021.108917 {url} = URL to article

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021 Oct 17. doi: 10.1111/jdv.17758. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Few studies have investigated the relationship between rosacea and upper gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, with two studies reporting conflicting data that patients with rosacea are at higher risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).1, 2 Here, we conducted a case-control study to investigate a potential relationship between rosacea and GI disorders with a focus on the upper GI tract defined as the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. PMID:34661953 | DOI:10.1111/jdv.17758 {url} = URL to article