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Related ArticlesOcular manifestations of rosacea: A clinical review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2021 Jan 06;: Authors: Tavassoli S, Wong N, Chan E Abstract Ocular rosacea is a chronic inflammatory condition that can occur in the absence of cutaneous features. The most common ocular features are chronic blepharoconjunctivitis with eyelid margin inflammation, and meibomian gland dysfunction. Corneal complications include corneal vascularisation, ulceration, scarring and, rarely, perforation. Diagnosis is largely based on clinical signs, although it is often delayed in the absence of cutaneous changes, particularly in children. It can also be associated with systemic disorders such as cardiovascular disease. Management ranges from local therapy to systemic treatment, depending on the severity of the disease. In this review, we describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features and treatment of rosacea and ocular rosacea. PMID: 33403718 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] {url} = URL to article

Pediatric Demodicosis Associated with Gain-of-Function Variant in STAT1 Presenting as Rosacea-Type Rash. J Clin Immunol. 2021 Jan 06;: Authors: Baghad B, El Fatoiki FZ, Benhsaien I, Bousfiha AA, Puel A, Migaud M, Chiheb S, Ailal F PMID: 33404972 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] {url} = URL to article

Association between Rosacea and Smoking: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dermatol Ther. 2021 Jan 06;:e14747 Authors: Yuan X, Yin D Abstract Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease of the centrofacial region. However, the association between rosacea and smoking remains controversial. To evaluate the association between rosacea and smoking, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive systematic search of literature published before October 15, 2020 on online databases (including Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase) was performed. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. Twelve articles were included, covering 80 156 controls and 54 132 patients with rosacea. Tobacco consumption was not found to increase the risk of rosacea. However, using subtype analysis (involving five articles), we found there was a decreased risk of rosacea in current smokers but an increased risk in ex-smokers. In addition, smoking appears to increase the risk of papulopustular rosacea (PPR) and phymatous rosacea (PhR). Analysis of all included studies also showed that ex-smoking was associated with an increased risk, while current smoking was associated with a reduced risk of rosacea. In order to prevent many diseases, including rosacea, the public should be encouraged to avoid smoking. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 33406295 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] {url} = URL to article Other Systemic Cormorbidities in Rosacea Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

Lasers Med Sci. 2021 Jan 7. doi: 10.1007/s10103-020-03183-z. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Rosacea has an overall female predominance; however, rhinophyma, a feature attributed to advanced rosacea, is exceedingly rare in females. The impact of this condition on quality of life can be profound. Multiple treatment modalities have been described. However fully ablative carbon dioxide (CO2) laser for moderate-severe rhinophyma has been shown to be most effective with good cosmetic outcome and high patient satisfaction. We describe a series of 7 female patients presenting with rhinophyma to a tertiary NHS laser centre and a private dermatology clinic. A retrospective case review of rhinophyma management was performed, assessing presentation, treatments and outcomes. The mean age at presentation was 47 years (27-62 years). Three patients developed rhinophyma before the age of 30 years. One patient had severe, 2 patients had moderate and 4 patients had minor rhinophyma. Four patients underwent fractional CO2 laser treatment with a good cosmetic outcome. Two further patients developed scarring following fully ablative CO2 laser. Long-term low-dose oral isotretinoin was used in 3 patients following laser treatment, to prevent relapse. One patient solely received isotretinoin with a good outcome. In our experience, females suffering with rhinophyma presented for treatment at an early age and stage of severity. Fractional or fully ablative CO2 laser alone or in combination with oral isotretinoin is a very effective treatment modality. PMID:33411129 | DOI:10.1007/s10103-020-03183-z {url} = URL to article

Cureus. 2021 Jan 1;13(1):e12414. doi: 10.7759/cureus.12414. ABSTRACT Metronidazole is a very commonly used drug for the treatment of ailments caused by bacteria and parasites. It can treat a vast array of conditions like rosacea, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), liver abscess, bedsores, etc. Metronidazole comes with generic side-effects like nausea, vomiting, dizziness, metallic taste, and also rare side-effects like paresthesia, syncope, cerebellar symptoms, psychosis but mania is a rare side-effect. Here, we present a case of metronidazole induced mania in a 50-year-old male with no past medical history who initially presented with a complaint of mild fever, loss of appetite, and fatigue from the past 10-12 days. On further examination and investigations, diagnosis of the amebic liver abscess was made on the basis of USG, serum serology for amebiasis IgG, and a CT scan. Consequently, the patient was started on the drug of choice for amebic liver abscess; IV metronidazole 1.5g/day divided over the day into three doses. Other drugs that were administered were pantoprazole, paracetamol, and ondansetron. On the ninth day of admission, the patient's wife as well as the physician-daughter of the patient reported a change in the behavior of the patient which became a major concern for the family. The patient was restless, energetic, unable to sleep, had racing thoughts, elated mood, petulant, and kept singing loudly in the private patient room. There was no history of any psychiatric illness in the family. Mr. K´s manic symptoms were managed using haloperidol and lorazepam. Upon discontinuing metronidazole, there was a gradual improvement in the manic symptoms, and symptoms improved, haloperidol and lorazepam were able to be tapered down and eventually stopped. Mr. K did not require any use of any selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), or any other atypical psychotropic drug. Manic-psychosis side-effect is a rare entity caused by antibiotics and the symptoms of which would disappear in a few days after stopping the antibiotic. It is also notable that this patient recovered without the use of any psychotropic drugs. Physicians should be aware of the possible neuropsychiatric side-effects of antibiotics which can lead to unnecessary workup. This side-effect did not require the use of any psychotropic drugs in this patient. PMID:33409111 | PMC:PMC7779136 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.12414 {url} = URL to article

Related ArticlesOcular manifestations of dermatological diseases part I: infectious and inflammatory disorders. Int J Dermatol. 2021 Jan;60(1):5-11 Authors: Al Akrash LS, Al Semari MA, Al Harithy R Abstract Skin and eyes share a common embryological origin from the embryonic surface ectoderm. Ocular manifestations are one of the most important and common associations of dermatological diseases. Currently, there are few comprehensive reviews of the ocular manifestations of dermatological diseases. We have reviewed more than 40 published articles related to the ocular manifestations of the most important dermatological diseases. The search included Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases from 2014 to 2019. This review was divided into three parts including infections, inflammatory, genetics, connective tissue, autoimmune, neoplasms, and drug-related disorders. We excluded metabolic, endocrine, and nutrition-related dermatological diseases. The relationship of ocular manifestations and dermatological diseases is important to recognize for appropriate management since many dermatological diseases can manifest initially with ocular findings. In this part, we summarized the most common and significant ocular findings in infectious and inflammatory dermatological disorders with appropriate referral recommendations to ophthalmology. PMID: 33232519 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] {url} = URL to article

Related ArticlesSuccessful Treatment of Periorificial Dermatitis With Novel Narrow Spectrum Sarecycline. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021 Jan 01;20(1):98-100 Authors: Graber E, Kay CR Abstract Broad spectrum tetracyclines are a well-known, widely used, and often successful treatment for use in inflammatory skin pathologies such as acne and rosacea. However, the steady rise of antibiotic resistance and gut dysbiosis associated with broad spectrum tetracyclines emphasizes the importance and responsibility of antibiotic stewardship. Narrow spectrum antibiotics have become increasingly important therapies to slow the progression of resistance as well as decrease negative side effect profiles, particularly those associated with broad spectrum tetracyclines. This case shows the successful treatment of periorificial dermatitis with a novel, narrow spectrum tetracycline, sarecycline, in a patient with underlying Crohn’s. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20(1):98-100. doi:10.36849/JDD.2021.5678. PMID: 33400418 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] {url} = URL to article

Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2021 Jan 6. doi: 10.1111/ceo.13900. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Ocular rosacea is a chronic inflammatory condition that can occur in the absence of cutaneous features. The most common ocular features are chronic blepharoconjunctivitis with eyelid margin inflammation and meibomian gland dysfunction. Corneal complications include corneal vascularization, ulceration, scarring and, rarely, perforation. Diagnosis is largely based on clinical signs, although it is often delayed in the absence of cutaneous changes, particularly in children. It can also be associated with systemic disorders such as cardiovascular disease. Management ranges from local therapy to systemic treatment, depending on the severity of the disease. In this review, we describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features and treatment of rosacea and ocular rosacea. PMID:33403718 | DOI:10.1111/ceo.13900 {url} = URL to article

J Clin Immunol. 2021 Jan 6. doi: 10.1007/s10875-020-00942-z. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:33404972 | DOI:10.1007/s10875-020-00942-z {url} = URL to article

Dermatol Ther. 2021 Jan 6:e14747. doi: 10.1111/dth.14747. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease of the centrofacial region. However, the association between rosacea and smoking remains controversial. To evaluate the association between rosacea and smoking, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive systematic search of literature published before October 15, 2020 on online databases (including Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase) was performed. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. 12 articles were included, covering 80 156 controls and 54 132 patients with rosacea. Tobacco consumption was not found to increase the risk of rosacea. However, using subtype analysis (involving 5 articles), we found there was a decreased risk of rosacea in current smokers but an increased risk in ex-smokers. In addition, smoking appears to increase the risk of papulopustular rosacea and phymatous rosacea. Analysis of all included studies also showed that ex-smoking was associated with an increased risk, while current smoking was associated with a reduced risk of rosacea. In order to prevent many diseases, including rosacea, the public should be encouraged to avoid smoking. PMID:33406295 | DOI:10.1111/dth.14747 {url} = URL to article

Related Articles Cinnamtannin B1 attenuates rosacea-like signs via inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and down-regulation of the MAPK pathway. PeerJ. 2020;8:e10548 Authors: Kan HL, Wang CC, Cheng YH, Yang CL, Chang HS, Chen IS, Lin YC Abstract Background: Rosacea is a common inflammatory disease of facial skin. Dysregulation of innate immunity with enhanced inflammation and increased abundance of LL-37 at the epidermal site is a characteristic feature of rosacea. Cinnamtannin B1 (CB1) is a condensed tannin with anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. The aims of the study were to evaluate the potential of CB1 as a therapy for rosacea and to characterize the potential mechanisms of action. Methods: We intraperitoneally administered 20 mg/kg CB1 once daily for 2 days into the LL-37-induced mouse model of rosacea. The effects of CB1 in vivo were evaluated by the observations of lesions, histology, immunohistochemistry, and the transcription and translation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Human keratinocyte HaCaT and monocyte THP-1 were used to characterize the effects of CB1 on LL-37-induced inflammation in vitro. The changes in pro-inflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expressions of genes involved were determined by Western blotting. Results: CB1 attenuated local redness, inflammation, and neutrophil recruitment in the mouse model of rosacea in vivo. CB1 suppressed myeloperoxidase (MPO) and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) production, a functional homolog of interleukin-8 (IL-8), at the lesions. In vitro experiments confirmed that CB1 reversed the LL-37-induced IL-8 production in human keratinocytes HaCaT and monocyte THP-1 cells. CB1 inhibited IL-8 production through downregulating the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Conclusion: CB1 attenuated LL-37-induced inflammation, specifically IL-8 production, through inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK. CB1 has potential as a treatment for rosacea. PMID: 33391878 [PubMed] {url} = URL to article More information on Cathelicidin Peptide LL-37 and Vitamin D3

Related Articles The Effect of Volatile Oil from Chinese Mugwort Leaf on Human Demodecid Mites In Vitro. Acta Parasitol. 2021 Jan 04;: Authors: Du J, Gao R, Zhao J Abstract BACKGROUND: Human demodecid mites including Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis Akbulatova can cause acne, rosacea, epifolliculitis, blepharitis, seborrheic dermatitis, perioral dermatitis, acromastitis and such skin health problems. Artemisia (Composiate) are widely distributed in temperate regions in the northern hemisphere. It has been reported that 17 species of plants in Artemisia used to be mugwort in China. Mugwort volatile oil (MVO) has antibacterial and antiviral effects, can relieve cough and asthma, acts as an expectorant, choleretic and sedative, and promotes circulation and enhances immunity. PURPOSE: This research was to observe the effect of MVO on two types of human demodecid mites in vitro. METHODS: The MVO was obtained via the supercritical CO2 extraction method, and the human demodecid mites were acquired with cellophane tape. MVO had a distinct killing effect on two types of human demodecid mites, Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis. The body of the demodecid mites has a classical temporal process, which consists of excitement, contractions, death and transparency. The killing time was lengthened with decreasing concentration, thus showing an evident dependence on concentration. RESULTS: The experiment showed that 3.125% was the minimum effective concentration of MVO for killing D. brevis, and 6.25% was the minimum effective concentration for killing D. folliculorum; the killing effect of MVO on D. brevis was greater than on D. follilorum. CONCLUSION: This result suggests that mugwort, which acts as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has a noticeable killing effect on human demodecid mites. PMID: 33394383 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons {url} = URL to article Reply to this Topic There is a reply to this topic button somewhere on the device you are reading this post. If you never heard about this topic and you learned about it here first, wouldn't it be a gracious act on your part to show your appreciation for this topic by registering with just your email address and show your appreciation with a post? And if registering is too much to ask, could you post your appreciation for this topic by finding the START NEW TOPIC button in our guest forum where you don't have to register? We know how many have viewed this topic because our forum software shows the number of views. However, most rosaceans don't engage or show their appreciation for our website and the RRDi would simply ask that you show your appreciation, please, simply by a post.

J Drugs Dermatol. 2021 Jan 1;20(1):98-100. doi: 10.36849/JDD.2021.5678. ABSTRACT Broad spectrum tetracyclines are a well-known, widely used, and often successful treatment for use in inflammatory skin pathologies such as acne and rosacea. However, the steady rise of antibiotic resistance and gut dysbiosis associated with broad spectrum tetracyclines emphasizes the importance and responsibility of antibiotic stewardship. Narrow spectrum antibiotics have become increasingly important therapies to slow the progression of resistance as well as decrease negative side effect profiles, particularly those associated with broad spectrum tetracyclines. This case shows the successful treatment of periorificial dermatitis with a novel, narrow spectrum tetracycline, sarecycline, in a patient with underlying Crohn’s. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20(1):98-100. doi:10.36849/JDD.2021.5678. PMID:33400418 | DOI:10.36849/JDD.2021.5678 {url} = URL to article

Related ArticlesLaser and light-based therapies in the management of rosacea: an updated systematic review. Lasers Med Sci. 2021 Jan 03;: Authors: Husein-ElAhmed H, Steinhoff M Abstract Unlike other rosacea therapies which need daily takings or applications over long periods, the edge of lasers and light-based therapies (LLBT) is the limited number of sessions to achieve improvement. The proper selection of the adequate physical device in accordance with the patients' skin features and rosacea-related signs and symptoms should be considered and the management with physical sources should be updated as new data become available. This article reviews and discusses the current use of lasers and light-based therapies in rosacea with reference to all the available literature.This systematic review demonstrates the quality of evidence to support any recommendation on LLBT in rosacea is low-to-moderate. Among all the available devices, PDL holds the most robust evidence. Treatments options should be tailored for each specific clinical scenario as it is unlike that single modality results in complete resolution. Platforms that include two or more devices and combined therapies with topical agents are suitable and they warrant further investigations. PMID: 33389310 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] {url} = URL to article

Related Articles Carotid intima-media thickness and serum proinflammatory cytokine levels in rosacea patients without cardiovascular risk factors. Dermatol Ther. 2021 Jan 02;: Authors: Ertekin SS, Koku Aksu AE, Koçyiğit A, Güler EM, Baykara Ulusan M, Gürel MS Abstract BACKGROUND: There is a growing body of evidence linking rosacea to various systemic disorders, even though data regarding the association between rosacea and cardiovascular diseases are presently controversial. We sought to investigate the potential association of rosacea with subclinical atherosclerosis and serum proinflammatory/proatherogenic markers. METHODS: This study included 44 patients with rosacea and 44 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Patients with traditional cardiovascular risk factors or a history of cardiovascular events were excluded. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, including serum interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were assessed. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid plaques were measured by carotid ultrasonography. RESULTS: Serum IL-1β (p<.001), IL-6 (p<.001), TNF-α (p<.001), and hs-CRP (p<.001) levels were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group. Mean CIMT values did not differ significantly between the patient group and control group (p>.05). Patients with moderate to severe rosacea had a significantly greater CIMT than those with mild rosacea (p=.047). Rosacea patients with eye involvement had a significantly greater CIMT than those without eye involvement (p=.008). There was no significant correlation between CIMT values and inflammation parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Rosacea is associated with increased systemic inflammation parameters. In the absence of other traditional cardiovascular risk factors, rosacea does not seem to affect mean CIMT value. However, specific subgroups such as patients with moderate to severe disease or with eye involvement are associated with increased subclinical atherosclerosis and may require additional attention for cardiovascular disease prevention. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 33389789 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] {url} = URL to article More information on systemic cormorbidities in rosacea

PeerJ. 2020 Dec 21;8:e10548. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10548. eCollection 2020. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Rosacea is a common inflammatory disease of facial skin. Dysregulation of innate immunity with enhanced inflammation and increased abundance of LL-37 at the epidermal site is a characteristic feature of rosacea. Cinnamtannin B1 (CB1) is a condensed tannin with anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. The aims of the study were to evaluate the potential of CB1 as a therapy for rosacea and to characterize the potential mechanisms of action. METHODS: We intraperitoneally administered 20 mg/kg CB1 once daily for 2 days into the LL-37-induced mouse model of rosacea. The effects of CB1 in vivo were evaluated by the observations of lesions, histology, immunohistochemistry, and the transcription and translation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Human keratinocyte HaCaT and monocyte THP-1 were used to characterize the effects of CB1 on LL-37-induced inflammation in vitro. The changes in pro-inflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expressions of genes involved were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS: CB1 attenuated local redness, inflammation, and neutrophil recruitment in the mouse model of rosacea in vivo. CB1 suppressed myeloperoxidase (MPO) and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) production, a functional homolog of interleukin-8 (IL-8), at the lesions. In vitro experiments confirmed that CB1 reversed the LL-37-induced IL-8 production in human keratinocytes HaCaT and monocyte THP-1 cells. CB1 inhibited IL-8 production through downregulating the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. CONCLUSION: CB1 attenuated LL-37-induced inflammation, specifically IL-8 production, through inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK. CB1 has potential as a treatment for rosacea. PMID:33391878 | PMC:PMC7759128 | DOI:10.7717/peerj.10548 {url} = URL to article

Acta Parasitol. 2021 Jan 4. doi: 10.1007/s11686-020-00314-y. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Human demodecid mites including Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis Akbulatova can cause acne, rosacea, epifolliculitis, blepharitis, seborrheic dermatitis, perioral dermatitis, acromastitis and such skin health problems. Artemisia (Composiate) are widely distributed in temperate regions in the northern hemisphere. It has been reported that 17 species of plants in Artemisia used to be mugwort in China. Mugwort volatile oil (MVO) has antibacterial and antiviral effects, can relieve cough and asthma, acts as an expectorant, choleretic and sedative, and promotes circulation and enhances immunity. PURPOSE: This research was to observe the effect of MVO on two types of human demodecid mites in vitro. METHODS: The MVO was obtained via the supercritical CO2 extraction method, and the human demodecid mites were acquired with cellophane tape. MVO had a distinct killing effect on two types of human demodecid mites, Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis. The body of the demodecid mites has a classical temporal process, which consists of excitement, contractions, death and transparency. The killing time was lengthened with decreasing concentration, thus showing an evident dependence on concentration. RESULTS: The experiment showed that 3.125% was the minimum effective concentration of MVO for killing D. brevis, and 6.25% was the minimum effective concentration for killing D. folliculorum; the killing effect of MVO on D. brevis was greater than on D. follilorum. CONCLUSION: This result suggests that mugwort, which acts as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has a noticeable killing effect on human demodecid mites. PMID:33394383 | DOI:10.1007/s11686-020-00314-y {url} = URL to article

Related ArticlesDifferential expression of microRNAs in the skin tissue of patients with severe papulopustular rosacea. J Dermatol Sci. 2020 Dec 23;: Authors: Seo SM, Hong JY, Lee HJ, Yang NG, Chung EH, Lee SY, Park YL, Lee SH, Lee SH, Lee DW, Shin MJ, Ryu S, Kim JE PMID: 33386184 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] {url} = URL to article

Related ArticlesAn unusual case of acquired facial pigmentation. BMJ. 2020 10 28;371:m3388 Authors: Bryan P, Lloyd-Lavery A PMID: 33115725 [PubMed - in process] {url} = URL to article

2021 Sep 14. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan–. ABSTRACT Kaposi varicelliform eruption, also called eczema herpeticum, refers to a disseminated skin infection due to a virus that usually leads to localized vesicular eruptions, occurring in a patient with an underlying cutaneous disease. Although rare, it is potentially life-threatening disorder. Herpes simplex virus is considered the main causative agent. The most commonly reported cases occur in patients with atopic dermatitis. However, it has been described in association with other skin conditions such as pemphigus foliaceus, ichthyosis vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, Darier disease, Grover disease, Hailey-Hailey disease, dyskeratosis follicularis, mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome, psoriasis, pityriasis rubra pilaris, rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis, contact dermatitis (both allergic and irritant), second degree burns and skin grafts. Clinical features of Kaposi varicelliform eruption include widespread clusters of umbilicated vesicles and pustules that evolve into crusted skin erosions. The most frequently affected sites are the trunk, neck, and head. The diagnosis of Kaposi varicelliform eruption is made primarily on clinical findings. The Tzanck smear, viral cultures, skin biopsy, or detection of viral DNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction may be helpful in doubtful cases. Antiviral therapy has been effective but should be started as soon as possible after diagnosis to reduce morbidity and mortality. PMID:29494039 | Bookshelf:NBK482432 {url} = URL to article

2021 Jul 30. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan–. ABSTRACT Malar rash, also named a butterfly rash, is a common facial presentation of multiple disorders. characterized by an erythematous flat or raised rash across the bridge of the nose and cheeks, which usually spares nasolabial folds. It may be transient or progress to involve other areas of facial skin. This is mainly seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. As per the American College of Rheumatology, Malar rash is one of the criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); it may also be present with other types of lupus including discoid lupus and subacute cutaneous lupus. Differential diagnoses for malar rash are as follows: systemic lupus erythematosus, cellulitis, rosacea, erysipelas, dermatomyositis, and pellagra. Treatment starts with sun protection, including appropriate clothing, sunscreens, and behavior change and management of the underlying disease. PMID:32310441 | Bookshelf:NBK555981 {url} = URL to article

2021 Aug 11. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan–. ABSTRACT Photosensitivity refers to various symptoms, diseases, and conditions (photodermatoses) caused or exacerbated by exposure to sunlight. It is classified into five categories: primary photodermatosis, exogenous photodermatosis, photo-exacerbated dermatoses, metabolic photodermatosis, and genetic photodermatosis. Primary or autoimmune photodermatoses Polymorphic light eruption Juvenile spring eruption Actinic folliculitis Actinic prurigo Solar urticaria Chronic actinic/photosensitivity dermatitis Hydroa vacciniforme (associated with Epstein-Barr virus) Exogenous or drug/chemical-induced photodermatoses Drug-induced photosensitivity: common photosensitizing drugs are thiazides, tetracyclines, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), phenothiazines, voriconazole, quinine, vemurafenib, and many others Photocontact dermatitis: due to phototoxic chemicals such as psoralens in plants, vegetables, fruit; fragrances in cosmetics; sunscreen chemicals; dyes and disinfectants Pseudoporphyria: induced by drugs and/or renal insufficiency Photo-exacerbated or photo-aggravated dermatoses Usually: Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (acute, subacute and chronic variants) Dermatomyositis Sjogren syndrome Darier disease Rosacea Melasma Sometimes: Pemphigus vulgaris Pemphigus foliaceus Atopic dermatitis Seborrhoeic dermatitis Psoriasis Lichen planus (actinicus) Erythema multiforme Mycosis fungoides Metabolic photodermatoses (rare) Porphyria cutanea tarda Erythropoietic protoporphyria Variegate porphyria Erythropoietic porphyria (Gunther disease) Genetic photodermatoses (very rare disorders due to genomic instability) Xeroderma pigmentosum Cockayne syndrome Trichothiodystrophy Bloom syndrome Rothmund Thomson syndrome PMID:28613726 | Bookshelf:NBK431072 {url} = URL to article

2021 Aug 11. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan–. ABSTRACT Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF) is an idiopathic granulomatous disease affecting facial skin primarily. Nosologically, it is on a spectrum of facial granulomatous dermatoses and shares overlapping features with rosacea and sarcoidosis. In most cases, this disorder resolves spontaneously within several years but can leave potentially disfiguring scarring. The name derives from a historic putative association with tuberculosis, as discussed below. More recent authors have proposed adopting the term facial idiopathic granulomas with regressive evolution (FIGURE) instead of the entrenched LMDF. However, it does not appear that a name change has been widely accepted. Older terms for a similar facial granulomatous dermatosis include micropapular tuberculid, Lewandowsky’s eruption, and lupoid rosacea. Acne agminata has been used to refer to similar lesions in the axilla. PMID:32644491 | Bookshelf:NBK559065 {url} = URL to article

2021 May 10. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan–. ABSTRACT Isotretinoin is an oral prescription medication that affects sebaceous glands and is used to treat severe acne. The drug was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1982 to treat severe, resistant, nodular acne that is unresponsive to conventional therapy, including systemic antibiotics. Non-FDA-approved indications include moderate acne, cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, neuroblastoma, and prevention of squamous cell carcinoma in high-risk patients. Isotretinoin has also been used in the treatment of rosacea, folliculitis, and pyoderma faciale. This activity covers isotretinoin, including mechanism of action, pharmacology, adverse event profiles, eligible patient populations, contraindications, monitoring, and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in the management of isotretinoin therapy. PMID:30247824 | Bookshelf:NBK525949 {url} = URL to article

2021 Feb 25. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan–. ABSTRACT Rhinophyma is a disfiguring nasal deformity due to the proliferation of sebaceous glands and underlying connective tissue. The name itself is broken down into "rhis," derived from Greek meaning nose, and "phyma," also Greek, for skin tumor. While rhinophyma is the most common subtype of these tumor-like swellings, other sites include the following: Mentophyma (chin) Metophyma (forehead) Gnatophyma (chin) Otophyma (ears) Bleharophyma (eyelids) Acne rosacea is the precursor condition to later development of rhinophyma and was linked to this disease as the ultimate expression of rosacea in 1846 by Ferdinando Hebra Von (1816-1880). Historically, the condition has been known to exist as seen in a 15th Century painting by Domenico Ghirlandaio (1490), "An Old Man and His Grandson," which shows a man with a large rhinophyma (See Figure). This disfiguring disorder is essential to treat, as patients are subject to psychological distress and respiratory issues when alar thickening can obstruct the external nasal valves. An additional social challenge is a commonly presumed link to excessive alcohol use. The direct causal relationship between rhinophyma and alcohol has not been substantiated and has promoted a social stigma, as colloquial names for this condition include "whiskey nose" and "gin blossom." "Potato nose" is another common lay description of this type of nose. Hollywood has used rhinophyma to indicate distasteful or villainous characters: in "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" (1937), the villain Queen was given a rhinophyma, besides deep rhytids and periorbital swelling. PMID:31335093 | Bookshelf:NBK544373 {url} = URL to article Full text