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Zinc therapy in dermatology: a review. Dermatol Res Pract. 2014;2014:709152 Authors: Gupta M, Mahajan VK, Mehta KS, Chauhan PS Abstract Zinc, both in elemental or in its salt forms, has been used as a therapeutic modality for centuries. Topical preparations like zinc oxide, calamine, or zinc pyrithione have been in use as photoprotecting, soothing agents or as active ingredient of antidandruff shampoos. Its use has expanded manifold over the years for a number of dermatological conditions including infections (leishmaniasis, warts), inflammatory dermatoses (acne vulgaris, rosacea), pigmentary disorders (melasma), and neoplasias (basal cell carcinoma). Although the role of oral zinc is well-established in human zinc deficiency syndromes including acrodermatitis enteropathica, it is only in recent years that importance of zinc as a micronutrient essential for infant growth and development has been recognized. The paper reviews various dermatological uses of zinc. PMID: 25120566 [PubMed] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25120566?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesA Novel Chemically Modified Curcumin Reduces Severity of Experimental Periodontal Disease in Rats: Initial Observations. Mediators Inflamm. 2014;2014:959471 Authors: Elburki MS, Rossa C, Guimaraes MR, Goodenough M, Lee HM, Curylofo FA, Zhang Y, Johnson F, Golub LM Abstract Tetracycline-based matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) inhibitors are currently approved for two inflammatory diseases, periodontitis and rosacea. The current study addresses the therapeutic potential of a novel pleiotropic MMP-inhibitor not based on an antibiotic. To induce experimental periodontitis, endotoxin (LPS) was repeatedly injected into the gingiva of rats on one side of the maxilla; the contralateral (control) side received saline injections. Two groups of rats were treated by daily oral intubation with a chemically modified curcumin, CMC 2.24, for two weeks; the control groups received vehicle alone. After sacrifice, gingiva, blood, and maxilla were collected, the jaws were defleshed, and periodontal (alveolar) bone loss was quantified morphometrically and by μ-CT scan. The gingivae were pooled per experimental group, extracted, and analyzed for MMPs (gelatin zymography; western blot) and for cytokines (e.g., IL-1β; ELISA); serum and plasma samples were analyzed for cytokines and MMP-8. The LPS-induced pathologically excessive bone loss was reduced to normal levels based on either morphometric (P = 0.003) or μ-CT (P = 0.008) analysis. A similar response was seen for MMPs and cytokines in the gingiva and blood. This initial study, on a novel triketonic zinc-binding CMC, indicates potential efficacy on inflammatory mediators and alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis and warrants future therapeutic and pharmacokinetic investigations. PMID: 25104884 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25104884?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

The great mimickers of rosacea. Cutis. 2014 Jul;94(1):39-45 Authors: Olazagasti J, Lynch P, Fazel N Abstract Although rosacea is one of the most common conditions treated by dermatologists, it also is one of the most misunderstood. It is a chronic disorder affecting the central parts of the face and is characterized by frequent flushing; persistent erythema (ie, lasting for at least 3 months); telangiectasia; and interspersed episodes of inflammation with swelling, papules, and pustules. Understanding the clinical variants and disease course of rosacea is important to differentiate this entity from other conditions that can mimic rosacea. Herein we present several mimickers of rosacea that physicians should consider when diagnosing this condition. PMID: 25101343 [PubMed - in process] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25101343?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Devices and topical agents for rosacea management. Cutis. 2014 Jul;94(1):21-5 Authors: Mansouri Y, Goldenberg G Abstract Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease that predominantly affects facial skin in light-skinned individuals and can be divided into 4 subtypes. Patients can display signs of more than 1 subtype. Diffuse facial erythema is a common finding in rosacea patients and can lead to persistent erythema. Although there is no cure for rosacea, reduction of signs and symptoms can be achieved via various treatment modalities. This article reviews devices and topical agents currently available for the management of rosacea. PMID: 25101340 [PubMed - in process] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25101340?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

New agents for the treatment of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. Cutis. 2014 Jul;94(1):6-7 Authors: Fowler J PMID: 25101337 [PubMed - in process] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25101337?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Brimonidine tartrate for the treatment of facial flushing and erythema in rosacea. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2014 Aug 4;:1-11 Authors: Tong LX, Moore AY Abstract Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory dermatologic condition that can often be disfiguring with significant negative impact on patients' quality of life. Sanrosa (brimonidine tartate) is a novel therapeutic agent targeting the facial flushing and erythema of rosacea through its α2 adrenergic receptor agonist activity. The goal of this article is to discuss current treatment options for rosacea and the properties of brimonidine tartate as well as the evidence surrounding its efficacy and safety profile. PMID: 25091290 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25091290?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

The skin microbiome: potential for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to cutaneous disease. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2014 Jun;33(2):98-103 Authors: Grice EA Abstract A vast diversity of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and arthropods, colonize the human skin. Culture-independent genomic approaches for identifying and characterizing microbial communities have provided glimpses into the topographical, temporal, and interpersonal complexity that defines the skin microbiome. Identification of changes associated with cutaneous disease, including acne, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, and psoriasis, are being established. In this review, our current knowledge of the skin microbiome in health and disease is discussed, with particular attention to potential opportunities to leverage the skin microbiome as a diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic tool. PMID: 25085669 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25085669?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Acneiform Eruptions in Dermatology: A Differential Diagnosis. Joshua A. Zeichner. Springer- Verlag New York Inc. New York, NY. 2013. 480 pages, $209. J Dermatolog Treat. 2014 Aug 1;:1-4 Authors: Lan L Abstract Abstract N/A- book review. PMID: 25081919 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25081919?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Treatment of facial erythema in patients with rosacea with topical brimonidine tartrate: correlation of patient satisfaction with standard clinical endpoints of improvement of facial erythema. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014 Jul 30; Authors: Fowler J, Tan J, Jackson JM, Meadows K, Jones T, Jarratt M, Leoni M Abstract BACKGROUND: Once-daily brimonidine tartrate (BT) 0.5% gel was shown to provide significantly greater efficacy vs. vehicle for the treatment of facial erythema in patients with rosacea. OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate that patient satisfaction with overall appearance is correlated with reduction in facial erythema, as measured by clinician and patient assessments. METHODS: Data from two identical phase III, multicentre, randomized, controlled trials of moderate facial erythema of rosacea (study A: n = 260; study B: n = 293) with topical BT 0.5% compared to vehicle gel once-daily for 4 weeks were analysed. Correlations of Patient's Assessment of Appearance (PAA) with Clinician's Erythema Assessment (CEA) and Patient's Self-Assessment (PSA) of erythema were evaluated by calculation of gamma statistics. RESULTS: PAA correlated with CEA post-application on Days 1, 15 and 29 for the intent-to-treat population and provided a median gamma value of 0.57 (min = 0.28, max = 0.61). PAA and PSA was also highly correlated post-application on Days 1, 15 and 29; with a median gamma value of 0.87 (min = 0.66, max = 0.89). Subjects who achieved a clinically meaningful improvement in both CEA and PSA scales were more likely to report satisfaction with the overall appearance of their skin (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Both one- and two-grade improvements in facial erythema assessed by subjects (PSA) and clinicians (CEA) correlate well with PAA, a patient-centered representation of meaningful change. PMID: 25074756 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25074756?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Rosacea and Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Case-Controlled Study. Med Princ Pract. 2014 Jul 24; Authors: Al-Balbeesi AO Abstract Objective: To determine the relationship between rosacea, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and the clinical presentation of rosacea. Subjects and Method: Twenty-eight female Saudi patients diagnosed with rosacea at the Dermatology Clinic, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between September 2011 and September 2012 and 20 age- and sex-matched control patients were included in the study. Paranasal sinus X-rays and assessments of the serum concentration of IgE (ImmunoCAP test; Phadia Laboratory Systems) were performed in both groups. Result: The rosacea patients had significantly more radiological evidence of CRS than the patients without rosacea [19 (67.9%) vs. 4 (20%), p = 0.003]. The median IgE concentration was similar in both groups (225.4 vs. 223.1 kU/l). Nine rosacea patients (32.1%) without radiological evidence of CRS did not have a significantly different median concentration of IgE compared with those who had radiological evidence of CRS (190.5 vs. 111.5 kU/l, p = 0.859). Erythematotelangiectatic severity was significantly associated with CRS (p = 0.038). Serum IgE did not correlate with the severity of the facial condition. Conclusion: Patients with rosacea and CRS manifested severe erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. There was enough evidence to suggest an association between rosacea and CRS. Clinical and radiological assessments of the paranasal sinuses are recommended. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel. PMID: 25060422 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25060422?dopt=Abstract = URL to article ResearchGate

Skin and glucocorticoids: effects of local skin glucocorticoid impairment on skin homeostasis. Exp Dermatol. 2014 Jul 23; Authors: Nikolakis G, Zouboulis CC Abstract The role of skin as a de novo source of glucocorticoids and the importance of cutaneous glucocorticoidogenesis as a homeostatic mechanism in human skin is highlighted by Slominski and coauthors in this issue. Impairment of glucocorticoidogenesis through noxious stimuli, such as UVB, can explain pathophysiology of skin diseases (e.g. rosacea). In addition to keratinocytes, melanocytes and fibroblasts, cutaneous adnexes also play a significant role as a targets and sources of glucocorticoids, since they express most of the enzymes required for steroidogenesis. Glucocorticoids are also involved in the pathogenesis of acne lesions, affecting sebum production in vivo and in vitro. Certain steroidogenic enzymes, such as 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, are upregulated in acne lesions. On this background, the paper by Slominski et al. provides further insights into dermatoendocrinology, with emphasis on the importance of an impairment of the skin's own hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-like axis in the pathophysiology of several skin diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 25056134 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25056134?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Poikilodermatous changes on the forearms of a woman practicing aroma-therapy: extracervical poikiloderma of Civatte? An Bras Dermatol. 2014 Jul;89(4):655-656 Authors: Katoulis A, Makris M, Gregoriou S, Rallis E, Kanelleas A, Stavrianeas N, Rigopoulos D Abstract We report the case of a 48-year-old, Caucasian female who presented with slowly progressing asymptomatic poikilodermatous changes of the extensor aspects of the forearms. She also had typical Poikiloderma of Civatte on the V of the neck and erythemato-telangiectatic rosacea of the central face. The patient had been practicing aroma-therapy for many years. Histologic examination revealed findings consistent with PC. Patch-testing revealed positive reactions to Fragrance mix and Nickel sulphate. Based on clinical and histological findings, a diagnosis of extracervical PC was suggested. PC with extra-cervical or extra-facial involvement is rare. In addition, this case supports the theory that contact sensitization to fragrances may contribute to the development of PC. PMID: 25054757 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25054757?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

An Oral Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor (Apremilast) for Inflammatory Rosacea in Adults: A Pilot Study. JAMA Dermatol. 2014 Jul 23; Authors: Thompson BJ, Furniss M, Zhao W, Chakraborty B, Mackay-Wiggan J PMID: 25054629 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25054629?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Endoplasmic reticulum stress: key promoter of rosacea pathogenesis. Exp Dermatol. 2014 Jul 21; Authors: Melnik BC Abstract Recent scientific interest in the pathogenesis of rosacea focuses on abnormally high facial skin levels of cathelicidin and the trypsin-like serine protease kallikrein 5 (KLK5) that cleaves the cathelicidin precursor protein into the bioactive fragment LL-37, which exerts crucial proinflammatory, angiogenic and antimicrobial activities. Furthermore, increased expression of Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) has been identified in rosacea skin supporting the participation of the innate immune system. Notably, TLRs are expressed on sensory neurons and increase neuronal excitability linking TLR signaling to the transmission of neuroinflammatory responses. It is the intention of this viewpoint to present a unifying concept that links all known clinical trigger factors of rosacea such as UV-irradiation, heat, skin irritants, and special foods to one converging point: enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress that activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). ER-stress via upregulation of transcription factor ATF4 increases TLR2 expression resulting in enhanced production of cathelicidin and KLK5 mediating downstream proinflammatory, angiogenic and antimicrobial signaling. The presented concept identifies rosacea trigger factors as environmental stressors that enhance the skin's ER-stress response. Exaggerated cutaneous ER-stress that stimulates the TLR2-driven inflammatory response may involve sebocytes, keratinocytes, monocyte-macrophages and sensory cutaneous neurons. Finally, all anti-rosacea drugs are proposed to attenuate the ER-stress signaling cascade at some point. Over-stimulated ER-stress signaling may have evolutionarily evolved as a compensatory mechanism to balance impaired vitamin D-driven LL-37-mediated antimicrobial defenses due to lower exposure of UV-B irradiation of the Northern Celtic population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 25047092 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25047092?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Helicobacter pylori infection and skin disorders. Hong Kong Med J. 2014 Jul 18; Authors: Kutlubay Z, Zara T, Engin B, SerdaroÄŸlu S, Tüzün Y, Yilmaz E, Eren B Abstract Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that has been linked to peptic ulcer disease, gastric lymphoma, and gastric carcinoma. Apart from its well-demonstrated role in gastroduodenal diseases, some authors have suggested a potential role of Helicobacter pylori infection in several extra-intestinal pathologies including haematological, cardiovascular, neurological, metabolic, autoimmune, and dermatological diseases. Some studies suggest an association between Helicobacter pylori infection and skin diseases such as chronic idiopathic urticaria and rosacea. There have also been few case reports documenting association between Helicobacter pylori and psoriasis vulgaris, Behçet's disease, alopecia areata, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, and Sweet's syndrome. However, more systematic studies are required to clarify the proposed association between Helicobacter pylori and skin diseases; most of the studies do not show relevant relationships of these diseases with Helicobacter pylori infections. This review discusses skin diseases that are believed to be associated with Helicobacter pylori. PMID: 25045884 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25045884?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Clinical and experimental assessment of the effects of a new topical treatment with praziquantel in the management of rosacea. Int J Dermatol. 2014 Jul 11; Authors: Bribeche MR, Fedotov VP, Gladichev VV, Pukhalskaya DM, Kolitcheva NL Abstract BACKGROUND: Rosacea is a common, chronic, and inflammatory skin disease. The burden imposed by this condition requires that new topical treatments be sought to enlarge the arsenal of drugs available in order to better manage this disease. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to carry out an in vitro/in vivo evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of 3% praziquantel (PZQ) ointment and to determine its efficacy and safety in the treatment of rosacea. METHODS: Patients with rosacea (n = 65) participated in a 16-week, randomized, single-blind pilot study of the effects of twice-daily monotherapy with 3% PZQ ointment vs. placebo (vehicle ointment). Efficacy was assessed clinically using the Investigator's Global Assessment Scale (IGAS) and the Clinical Erythema Assessment Scale (CEAS). Patients' quality of life was also determined using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). The antimicrobial potential of 3% PZQ ointment was assessed by agar diffusion assay. RESULTS: Scores on the IGAS and CEAS showed PZQ ointment to have a statistically significant therapeutic advantage over the placebo treatment (P < 0.001). At week 16, the PZQ group demonstrated a statistically significant greater reduction in CEAS score than the placebo group (P < 0.001). Analysis of CEAS scores showed that 41.9% of patients in the PZQ group and 18.2% of those in the placebo group achieved a CEAS score equivalent to a rating of "none". Mean scores on the DLQI at baseline and at the end of the study were, respectively, 15.8 and 4.1 in the praziquantel group. The PZQ-treated group also experienced a statistically significant improvement in comparison with the placebo group at week 16 (P < 0.001). The inhibitory zone indicating the extent of antimicrobial activity of 3% PZQ ointment ranged from 6 mm to 17 mm. No serious treatment-related adverse events occurred in either treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: Use of 3% PZQ ointment twice daily for 12 weeks resulted in significantly better effects than a placebo treatment in improving rosacea and the patient's quality of life. PMID: 25040098 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25040098?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

British Journal of Dermatology, 2012 166, pp 633–641 Once-daily topical brimonidine tartrate gel 0Æ5% is a novel treatment for moderate to severe facial erythema of rosacea: results of two multicentre, randomized and vehicle-controlled studies J. Fowler, M. Jarratt, A. Moore, K. Meadows, A. Pollack, M. Steinhoff, Y. Liu and M. Leoni, on behalf of the Brimonidine Phase II Study Group

Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea During Treatment With Brimonidine Topical Gel 0.33%: A Potential Method for Treatment Outcome Assessment. J Drugs Dermatol. 2014 Jul 1;13(7):821-826 Authors: Urban J, Siripunvarapon AH, Meekings A, Kalowitz A, Markowitz O Abstract Background: Patients with moderate to severe rosacea often seek treatment to reduce erythema and vascular markings. Few studies have looked at the effectiveness of the novel treatment, brimonidine topical gel 0.33%, trademark name Mirvaso®, in the treatment of rosacea. We report the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanning to monitor the effectiveness of Mirvaso® on in vivo skin. OCT is a non-invasive optical imaging technique that can provide high-resolution imaging of vessel and cellular morphology. OCT may be useful as a pre-treatment assessment tool for identifying possible morphologic features in the skin that may serve as outcome predictors. OCT may also serve as a monitoring tool in the treatment of rosacea.<br /> Objective: To examine and describe how OCT skin morphology changes when exposed to brimonidine topical gel 0.33% in the treatment of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea.<BR /> Methods: Normal in vivo telangiectasias and erythematous patches and papules were examined prior to treatment clinically, dermatoscopically, and through OCT scans. Brimonidine topical gel 0.33% was applied to the face and OCT images were acquired at defined time intervals: baseline; immediately (<5 minutes) after application; 4 hours after application; and after 2 weeks' once daily application. OCT morphology was then described.<BR /> Results: OCT imaging showed an increase in the mean gray value (MGV), a measure of dermal reflectivity, corresponding to a decrease in dermal edema. MGV measurements for the nasal telangiectasia were: baseline, MGV 10,471 (standard deviation [sD] 6,847); immediate, MGV 15,634 (SD 8,983); after 4 hours, MGV 16,357 (SD 7,647); and after 2 weeks, MGV 15,505 (SD 6,870). MGV measurements for the chin erythema were: baseline, MGV 8,850 (SD 4,969); immediate, MGV 10,799 (SD 5,266); after 4 hours, MGV 12,419 (SD 6,714); and after 2 weeks, MGV 13,395 (SD 6,170). No significant change in vessel lumen diameter was appreciated. Vessel lumen diameter for the facial papule ranged from 0.13 mm at baseline, 0.09 mm immediately after treatment, 0.09 mm after 4 hours, and 0.11 mm after 2 weeks.<BR /> Conclusions: OCT scanning showed a decrease in the dermal hyporeflectivity of the dermis consistent with a decrease in dermal edema. The OCT scans obtained did not show any significant change in vessel lumen diameter. These results may reflect an increase in vascular tone, which can be attributable to the clinical improvement and decreased erythema noted in the patient. This technology could potentially be used for the non-invasive in vivo monitoring of other topical treatments.<BR /><BR /> <EM>J Drugs Dermatol.</EM> 2014;13(7):821-826. PMID: 25007365 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25007365?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Rosacea - the ophthalmic perspective. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2014 Jul 9;:1-6 Authors: Awais M, Anwar MI, Iftikhar R, Iqbal Z, Shehzad N, Akbar B Abstract Abstract Context: Rosacea is a chronic cutaneous inflammatory disorder with variable presentations. Although primarily considered a skin disease, rosacea may involve the eyes in a significant number of patients leading to ocular complications. It has been recognized that many patients of ocular rosacea in dermatological outpatient department (OPD) go unnoticed as the physicians don't ask about eye symptoms. Same holds true in ophthalmic OPD's where the doctors usually don't consider this diagnosis. The diagnosis of ocular rosacea primarily relies on observation of ophthalmic clinical features but it can be easily missed if accompanying cutaneous features are subtle or inconsistent. The subject diagnosis if not diagnosed and treated promptly, may cause varying degrees of ocular morbidity and may impair vision secondary to corneal involvement. Objective: To review published literature and provide an overview on different pathophysiologic mechanisms of ocular rosacea and clinical features required for its diagnosis. As well as to highlight various treatment modalities available for ocular rosacea. Materials and methods: In our study Medline and Google Scholar were the key search engines to find literature using keywords like epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, management and complications of ocular rosacea. PMID: 25006875 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25006875?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Reliability of Clinician Erythema Assessment grading scale. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Jul 3; Authors: Tan J, Liu H, Leyden JJ, Leoni MJ Abstract BACKGROUND: Facial erythema is a clinical hallmark of rosacea and often causes social and psychological distress. Although facial erythema assessments are a common endpoint in rosacea clinical trials, their reliability has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the inter- and intrarater reliability of the Clinician's Erythema Assessment (CEA), a 5-point grading scale of facial erythema severity. METHODS: Twelve board-certified dermatologists, previously trained on use of the scale, rated erythema of 28 rosacea subjects twice on the same day. Interrater and intrarater agreement was assessed with the intraclass correlation and κ statistic. RESULTS: The CEA had high interrater reliability and good intrarater reliability with an overall intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for session 1 and session 2 of 0.601 and 0.576, respectively; the overall weighted κ statistic for session 1 and session 2 was 0.692. LIMITATIONS: Raters were experienced dermatologists and there may be a risk of recall bias. CONCLUSION: When used by trained raters, CEA is a reliable scale for measuring the facial erythema of rosacea. PMID: 24999270 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24999270?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Interfacial Phenomena and the Ocular Surface. Ocul Surf. 2014 Jul;12(3):178-201 Authors: Yañez-Soto B, Mannis MJ, Schwab IR, Li JY, Leonard BC, Abbott NL, Murphy CJ Abstract Ocular surface disorders, such as dry eye disease, ocular rosacea, and allergic conjunctivitis, are a heterogeneous group of diseases that require an interdisciplinary approach to establish underlying causes and develop effective therapeutic strategies. These diverse disorders share a common thread in that they involve direct changes in ocular surface chemistry as well as the rheological properties of the tear film and topographical attributes of the cellular elements of the ocular surface. Knowledge of these properties is crucial to understand the formation and stability of the preocular tear film. The study of interfacial phenomena of the ocular surface flourished during the 1970s and 1980s, but after a series of lively debates in the literature concerning distinctions between the epithelial and the glandular origin of ocular surface disorders during the 1990s, research into this important topic has declined. In the meantime, new tools and techniques for the characterization and functionalization of biological surfaces have been developed. This review summarizes the available literature regarding the physicochemical attributes of the ocular surface, analyzes the role of interfacial phenomena in the pathobiology of ocular surface disease, identifies critical knowledge gaps concerning interfacial phenomena of the ocular surface, and discusses the opportunities for the exploitation of these phenomena to develop improved therapeutics for the treatment of ocular surface disorders. PMID: 24999101 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24999101?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesThe psychological impact of rosacea and the influence of current management options. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Jun 30; Authors: Moustafa F, Lewallen RS, Feldman SR Abstract BACKGROUND: Rosacea is a common problem that is underdiagnosed; if left untreated can result in physical disfigurement and emotional distress. OBJECTIVE: We reviewed the current literature to determine the degree of psychosocial impact of rosacea and the importance of treatment. We also reviewed the current treatment options. METHODS: A search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and psycINFO databases from 1946 to present was performed to identify previous articles regarding the psychosocial and quality-of-life (QoL) impact of rosacea. RESULTS: A total of 17 studies were found that focused on the following areas: impact of disease on QoL, improvement of QoL with treatment, and willingness to pay. LIMITATIONS: Reviewed articles used different measurement systems to quantify impact on QoL making comparisons between studies difficult to interpret. CONCLUSION: Patients with rosacea have higher incidences of embarrassment, social anxiety, depression, and decreased QoL compared with the rest of the population. Adequate treatment of symptoms results in improvement of QoL in patients with rosacea. New options that target the facial erythema of rosacea may help mitigate the negative psychological impact of rosacea. PMID: 24993600 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24993600?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesCost and drug utilization patterns associated with the management of rosacea. Am Health Drug Benefits. 2013 Nov;6(9):583-4 Authors: Helwick C PMID: 24991384 [PubMed] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24991384?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesBurden of Disease: The Psychosocial Impact of Rosacea on a Patient's Quality of Life. Am Health Drug Benefits. 2013 Jul;6(6):348-54 Authors: Huynh TT Abstract BACKGROUND: Rosacea is a chronic skin disorder that adversely affects patients' quality of life. Current studies focus on the therapies that treat the clinical signs and symptoms of rosacea, but the impact of this disease on patients' emotional health and quality of life is often overlooked. OBJECTIVES: To describe the disease burden of rosacea and the psychosocial implications on patients' quality of life and to review the current understanding of the disease and the available therapies. DISCUSSION: The facial skin manifestations of rosacea have significant implications on patients' well-being and social and emotional health. The 4 clinical subtypes of this disease include erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular, and patients may present with more than 1 subtype. Patients with rosacea have reported a negative burden of their disease, such as low self-esteem, low self-confidence, and decreased social interactions. Improvement of the clinical symptoms of rosacea improves the patient's emotional well-being and quality of life. Several topical medications and 1 oral medication have been approved for the treatment of rosacea. Although current therapies do not cure the disease and do not treat the facial erythema associated with it, they do treat the papules and pustules associated with this condition. Proper management of the signs and symptoms of rosacea has been shown to improve patients' quality of life. CONCLUSION: The self-perception of disease severity varies among patients with rosacea, so physicians should carefully consider each patient's concerns when prescribing a treatment regimen. Although no cure exists, effective treatment options aid in the management of signs and symptoms of rosacea. New therapies that treat the broad range of rosacea symptoms are needed. PMID: 24991368 [PubMed] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24991368?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Rosacea: could topical azelaic acid and oral tetracyclines modify videocapillaroscopic pattern? Skinmed. 2014 Mar-Apr;12(2):128-30 Authors: Ganzetti G, Giuliodori K, Campanati A, Offidani A PMID: 24933858 [PubMed - in process] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24933858?dopt=Abstract = URL to article