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Fractionated ablative carbon dioxide laser for the treatment of rhinophyma. Lasers Surg Med. 2013 Oct 5; Authors: Serowka KL, Saedi N, Dover JS, Zachary CB Abstract BACKGROUND: Rhinophyma is a progressive and disfiguring proliferative disorder of the nose, which is related to chronic rosacea. Many different treatment modalities have been utilized both alone and in combination including: loop cautery, CO2 laser, argon laser, dermabrasion, cryotherapy, radiotherapy, full-thickness excision, skin graft, flap reconstruction, and cold scalpel. CO2 resurfacing has been considered first line therapy but is often associated with a shiny, scarred appearance, with patulous pores, and with loss of pigmentation. We report a technique using aggressive parameters with the fractionated ablative CO2 laser, resulting in improvement of appearance with very few complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five patients who presented with rhinophyma of varying degrees were treated with a series of fractional ablative CO2 laser treatments (Fraxel re:Pair, Solta Medical, Hayward, CA). These patients were treated with settings of up to 70 mJ, 70% density and 16-18 passes. All patients received HSV prophylaxis using either acyclovir 400 mg TID or valacyclovir 500 mg BID. Patients were rendered anesthetic by 1% lidocaine and epinephrine regional perinasal nerve block. RESULTS: All of the patients tolerated the procedure well with reepithelialization at days 4-7 and self-limited edema and erythema. Patients with relatively early to moderate signs of rhinophyma proved optimal candidates for this treatment. There were no adverse events. Patients and physicians noted significant improvement and reduction in the rhinophyma without the typical scarring noted with most other treatments. CONCLUSION: Rhinophyma treated with fractionated ablative CO2 laser using relatively aggressive parameters achieved good cosmetic outcomes in this group of early to moderate cases of rhinophyma, while still retaining the benefits of a fractionated treatment such as faster healing times and fewer adverse events. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PMID: 24123064 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24123064?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Acute irritant threshold correlates with barrier function, skin hydration and contact hypersensitivity in atopic dermatitis and rosacea. Exp Dermatol. 2013 Sep 23; Authors: Darlenski R, Kazandjieva J, Tsankov N, Fluhr JW Abstract The aim of the study was to disclose interactions between epidermal barrier, skin irritation and sensitization in healthy and diseased skin. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (SCH) were assessed in adult patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), rosacea, and healthy controls. A 4-hour patch test with 7 concentrations of sodium lauryl sulfate was performed to determine the irritant threshold (IT). Contact sensitization pattern was revealed by patch testing with European baseline series. Subjects with a lower IT had higher TEWL values and lower SCH. Subjects with positive allergic reactions had significantly lower IT. In AD, epidermal barrier deterioration was detected on both volar forearm and nasolabial fold, while in rosacea impeded skin physiology parameters were observed on the facial skin only, suggesting that barrier impediment is restricted to the face in rosacea, in contrast with AD where the abnormal skin physiology is generalized. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 24112695 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24112695?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Symptom severity and psychological sequelae in rosacea: Results of a survey. Psychol Health Med. 2013 Oct 3; Authors: Böhm D, Schwanitz P, Stock Gissendanner S, Schmid-Ott G, Schulz W Abstract Rosacea is associated with mental distress and depression, yet no studies have looked at the mediating effect of stigmatization and other factors on psychological sequelae. Using a survey of affected individuals, the objective of this study was to explore relationships between self-reported symptom severity, discomfort, stress reactivity, quality of life, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Participants were recruited from the mailing list of a German rosacea organization. The survey instrument included the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), the rejection scale of the Questionnaire on Experience with Skin Complaints (QES), and the German version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D). A total of 168 persons with rosacea were participated. The sample returned a HADS anxiety score of 7.2 ±â€‰4.60, a HADS depression score of 5.1 ±â€‰4.09, a DLQI of 4.05 ±â€‰4.67, and a QES rejection score of 2.,61 ±â€‰3.,37. Path analysis suggested that symptoms of anxiety and depression are linked with somatic symptoms indirectly, mediated through quality of life and stigmatization. Men are more negatively affected. Physicians treating rosacea patients should consider recommending psychological co-treatment for patients who have experienced stigmatization or who report low life quality. PMID: 24088195 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24088195?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Case for diagnosis. An Bras Dermatol. 2013 Aug;88(4):660-2 Authors: Tiengo A, Barros HR, Carvalho DB, Oliveira GM, Romiti N Abstract Childhood Granulomatous Periorificial Dermatitis is an acneiform facial rash that affects the periorificial area in children. The clinical aspectare asymptomatic 1-3 mm papules of, monomorphic, erythematous or hypopigmented in periorificial areas - mouth, nose and eyes. It's a benign and self-limited disease that heals spontaneously without scarring and specific therapy. Differential diagnoses include perioral dermatitis, granulomatous-rosacea, sarcoidosis, and lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei. We present the case of a 4-year-old boy, presenting papules in periorificials areas. Due to its low incidence and low number of publications we report the present case. PMID: 24068149 [PubMed - in process] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24068149?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Prevalence of psoriasis and rosacea comorbidities in the outpatient setting. J Cutan Med Surg. 2013 Oct 1;17(5):295-8 Authors: Lin HC, Alamdari HS, Huang KE, Gustafson CJ, Davis SA, Balkrishnan R, Feldman SR PMID: 24067846 [PubMed - in process] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24067846?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related Articles[sterile keratitis]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2013 Mar;230(3):e1-14; quiz e15-6 Authors: Messmer EM PMID: 23361449 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23361449?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesDermatological problems in geriatric patients: a hospital based study. Nepal Med Coll J. 2012 Sep;14(3):193-5 Authors: Thapa DP, Jha AK, Kharel C, Shrestha S Abstract Geriatric health care has become a major issue worldwide. There are no data regarding geriatric dermatologic diseases are available from Nepal. Patients of 60 years and above were enrolled in the Nepali fiscal year 2067(April 2010-April 2011). The data included age, sex, place, and diagnosis. The aim of the study is to determine the characteristic pattern and frequency of dermatoses in dermatologic patients aged 60 years and above. There were total of 6442 patients who visited out patients department. Out of which frequency of geriatric patients were 330, which constitute about 5.1%. The male to female ratio was 50% each. The most common cutaneous dermatoses was eczema 35.8%, fungal infection 13.6%, viral infection 7%, followed by pruritus 7.3%, scabies and photodermatitis 4.5% each, Inflammatory papulosquamous disorder 3.3%, Bacterial infection and Icthyosis 2.1% each, vesiculobullous 1.8%, tumors and pigmentary disorder 0.6% and Miscellaneous group (keratoderma, callus, urticaria, diabetic ulcer, burgers disease, burning feet syndrome, Rosacea, Drug rash-amoxicillin, senile acne, prurigo nodularis, hansens disease, pellagra, Actinic cheilitis) 15.8%. Few patients had more than one dermatoses which constitute < 1% .Photodermatitis was found to be statistically significant. The most common dermatoses were Eczema in females followed by Photodermatitis and comparatively in males viral and fungal infections were common. This study depicts various characteristic patterns of dermatoses seen in elderly. Eczema and infections was found to be most common diseases seen in elderly. Further epidemiologic studies including treatment, follow-up of elderly patients has to be carried out to know the burden of the disease and decrease morbidity and psychological concern associated with diseases. PMID: 24047013 [PubMed - in process] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24047013?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Cryptic species of Archinome (Annelida: Amphinomida) from vents and seeps. Proc Biol Sci. 2013;280(1770):20131876 Authors: Borda E, Kudenov JD, Chevaldonné P, Blake JA, Desbruyères D, Fabri MC, Hourdez S, Pleijel F, Shank TM, Wilson NG, Schulze A, Rouse GW Abstract Since its description from the Galapagos Rift in the mid-1980s, Archinome rosacea has been recorded at hydrothermal vents in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Only recently was a second species described from the Pacific Antarctic Ridge. We inferred the identities and evolutionary relationships of Archinome representatives sampled from across the hydrothermal vent range of the genus, which is now extended to cold methane seeps. Species delimitation using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) recovered up to six lineages, whereas concatenated datasets (COI, 16S, 28S and ITS1) supported only four or five of these as clades. Morphological approaches alone were inconclusive to verify the identities of species owing to the lack of discrete diagnostic characters. We recognize five Archinome species, with three that are new to science. The new species, designated based on molecular evidence alone, include: Archinome levinae n. sp., which occurs at both vents and seeps in the east Pacific, Archinome tethyana n. sp., which inhabits Atlantic vents and Archinome jasoni n. sp., also present in the Atlantic, and whose distribution extends to the Indian and southwest Pacific Oceans. Biogeographic connections between vents and seeps are highlighted, as are potential evolutionary links among populations from vent fields located in the east Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, and Atlantic and Indian Oceans; the latter presented for the first time. PMID: 24026823 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24026823?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesLongevity of allogeneic limbal stem cell transplantation: a case report. Can J Ophthalmol. 2012 Dec;47(6):e52-3 Authors: Iqbal M, Hodge W PMID: 23217519 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23217519?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Potential role of microorganisms in the pathogenesis of rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013 Sep 5; Authors: Holmes AD Abstract Rosacea is a skin condition of abnormal inflammation and vascular dysfunction. The active contribution of a microbial agent in the development or progression of rosacea continues to be debated. Research supports the presence of commensal Demodex folliculorum mites at increased density in the skin and associates Helicobacter pylori infection of the gut with rosacea. Fewer studies implicate Staphylococcus epidermidis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and the Demodex-associated bacteria Bacillus oleronius. No research, however, provides a mechanism by which colonization by a microorganism translates to manifestation of the condition. Prevailing and emerging principles in the biology of the microbiome and the pathophysiology of rosacea may help to reconcile these lingering questions. Here the microorganisms implicated in rosacea are reviewed and the reaction of the microbiome to inflammation and to changes in microenvironments and macroenvironments are discussed to explain potential roles for microorganisms in rosacea pathophysiology. PMID: 24011460 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24011460?dopt=Abstract = URL to article More information on this subject Microorganisms of the Human Microbiome in Rosacea

Neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet laser versus pulsed dye laser in erythemato-telangiectatic rosacea: comparison of clinical efficacy and effect on cutaneous substance (P) expression. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2013 Sep;12(3):187-94 Authors: Salem SA, Abdel Fattah NS, Tantawy SM, El-Badawy NM, Abd El-Aziz YA Abstract BACKGROUND: Different laser systems are reported to be effective in treatment of telangiectasia and erythema, but comparative studies on 1064-nm neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd-YAG) laser and pulsed dye laser (PDL) in treatment of erythemato-telangiectatic rosacea are lacking. Substance (P) is implicated in rosacea pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of Nd-YAG laser and PDL on erythemato-telangiectatic rosacea, both clinically and immunohistochemically on cutaneous substance (P) expression. METHODS: This split-face comparative study included 15 patients with erythemato-telangiectatic rosacea treated on the right side with Nd-YAG laser and on the left side with PDL: three sessions, 4 weeks apart. Evaluation of the patients was done using erythema and telangiectasia grading scores, patient's self-assessment, physicians' clinical assessment of the patient, and immunohistochemical assessment of substance (P). RESULTS: One month after the three laser sessions, excellent response was achieved in 73.3% of patients after Nd-YAG and in 53.3% of patients after PDL with significantly lower substance (P) concentration after Nd-YAG laser than after PDL. Positive correlations were found between the decrease in erythema and telangiectasia grading scores and the decrease in substance (P) concentration. CONCLUSIONS: The use of Nd-YAG laser and PDL appears to be safe and effective measures in treatment of erythemato-telangiectatic rosacea. Both types of laser decrease the concentration of substance (P) in the skin. This effect is more pronounced with Nd-YAG laser. PMID: 23992160 [PubMed - in process] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23992160?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Management of Rosacea-Prone Skin: Evaluation of a Skincare Product Containing Ambophenol, Neurosensine, and La Roche-PosayThermal Spring Water as Monotherapy or Adjunctive Therapy. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013 Aug 1;12(8):920-4 Authors: Seite S, Benech F, Berdah S, Bayer M, Veyrat S, Segot E, Sakalikova M, Gibejova L, Zelenkova H Abstract OBJECTIVE: The objective of these studies was to investigate whether a skincare product containing Ambophenol, Neurosensine, and La Roche-Posay thermal spring water formulated in a highly protective packaging can have an impact in the management of rosacea-prone skin subjects.<BR> METHODS: Several studies were performed to evaluate the efficacy of this product in the management of rosacea prone skin, as either monotherapy or adjunctive therapy or to maintain the efficacy of a Metronidazole treatment. The first study was performed on 37 women aged 18-45 with added stage 2 erythro-couperosis, who applied test formula as monotherapy twice a day for 4 weeks. During a second study, a dermatological evaluation was performed on patients with stage I or II rosacea, a questionnaire containing information about patient characteristics, tolerance, clinical signs, symptoms and skin reactivity to "trigger factors" was completed by dermatologists at baseline and 2 months after treatment with the test formula as either monotherapy or adjunctive therapy. Finally, in a third study, 65 patients finishing a Metronidazole treatment applied once daily and the tested formula twice daily were divided into 2 groups using the test formula or vehicle control, twice a day for 8 weeks for the evaluation of efficacy as adjunctive therapy.<BR> RESULTS: We noted that the test formula, as an adjunctive therapy, helped prolong the efficacy of a Metronidazole treatment. In monotherapy, there was a significant efficacy of the test formula associated with an excellent tolerance. A significant improvement of all the clinical signs and symptoms of rosacea and a reduction of the skin reactivity to "trigger factors" were shown.<BR> CONCLUSIONS: These studies highlight the interest value and impact of a skincare product containing Ambophenol, Neurosensine, and La Roche-Posay thermal spring water formulated in a highly protective packaging in monotherapy or in combination with or after a therapeutic treatment in the management of patients suffering from rosacea.<BR><BR> <EM>J Drugs Dermatol.</EM> 2013;12(8):920-924. PMID: 23986166 [PubMed - in process] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23986166?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Willingness to pay and quality of life in patients with atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res. 2013 Aug 28; Authors: Beikert FC, Langenbruch AK, Radtke MA, Kornek T, Purwins S, Augustin M Abstract Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a frequent and burdensome disease. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the willingness to pay (WTP) and quality of life (Qol) in AD patients and (2) to compare the results with data on other chronic skin diseases. To collect data, a non-interventional, cross-sectional nationwide postal survey on adult patients with clinically diagnosed AD was performed; socio-demographic data, clinical features/symptoms, WTP and QoL were recorded. WTP was assessed in three different approaches, including relative and absolute figures. Data from n = 384 AD patients (mean age 42.0, range 18-92, 69.8 % female) were analyzed. WTP for complete healing was on median <euro>1,000 (average <euro>11,884) and exceeded WTP in rosacea (median <euro>500) but not in vitiligo (median <euro>3,000). Mean Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was 8.5 (vitiligo 7.0; psoriasis 6.7; rosacea 4.3) and correlated with pruritus, xerosis and disturbed sleep. WTP and DLQI correlated only marginally (r s = 0.134, p = 0.01). In conclusion, AD patients show high WTP and markedly reduced QoL compared to other chronic skin diseases. PMID: 23982630 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23982630?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Rosacea fulminans. Cutis. 2013 Jul;92(1):29-32 Authors: Ribeiro LB, Ramos-E-Silva M Abstract We review rosacea fulminans, a rare condition that may cause facial scarring and disfigurement. All physicians and health care professionals must be aware of this form of rosacea to treat or refer the patient. Early treatment of rosacea fulminans is essential to avoid scarring. PMID: 23961522 [PubMed - in process] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23961522?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Probiotics in acne and rosacea. Cutis. 2013 Jul;92(1):6-7 Authors: Bowe WP PMID: 23961518 [PubMed - in process] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23961518?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Unilateral rosacea in patients with facial nerve palsy: A mere example of immunocompromised district. J Dermatol. 2013 Aug 20; Authors: Piccolo V, Ruocco V, Russo T, Ruotolo F, Piccolo S, Baroni A PMID: 23957626 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23957626?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Tinea atypica: report of nine cases. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2013 Aug 15; Authors: Zisova LG, Dobrev HP, Tchernev G, Semkova K, Aliman AA, Chorleva KI, Chapanova AT, Vutova NI, Wollina U Abstract Fungal infections of the skin are a common condition, usually easy to diagnose and treat. When the infection is clinically mimicking another cutaneous disorder or when the clinical presentation is modified by the use of inappropriate treatment, it is referred to as tinea atypica or tinea incognito.We report a series of nine cases of patients with tinea atypica, imitating and diagnosed initially as different skin diseases. Two patients were defined as pyoderma in the facial and pubic regions (caused respectively by Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis) and one as herpes zoster ophthalmicus (caused by Trichophyton rubrum). Six additional patients were initially misdiagnosed: (1) Plaque-like formation of the skin misdiagnosed as an impetiginized eczema (with isolated agent Trichophyton verrucosum). (2) A rare form of skin infection of the hand caused by T. rubrum, imitating clinically cutaneous infection with tuberculum mulgentium. (3) Rosacea-like dermatitis with an isolated agent Fusarium. (4) A patient with the typical clinical symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis of the face (and with isolated T. rubrum as a causative agent). (5) Another patient presented with a widespread folliculitis by Trichophyton mentagrophytes. (6) In a patient with bullous pemphigoid and immunosuppression pemphigoid-like eruptions were caused by Malassezia pachydermatis and T. rubrum. The diagnosis in the presented cases was based on direct microscopic examination with KOH and a culture on Sabouraud agar.After the diagnosis of tinea, treatment with topical and systemic antifungal agents was administrated, followed by complete clinical remissions in all cases.The clinical manifestations of tinea atypica can mimic a large number of other dermatoses, which often leads to misdiagnosing, and as a consequence-to serious difficulties in the management of clinical symptoms and in offering appropriate therapy. PMID: 23949566 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23949566?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesTreatment of severe rhinophyma using scalpel excision and wire loop tip electrosurgery. Dermatol Surg. 2013 May;39(5):807-10 Authors: Prado R, Funke A, Brown M, Ramsey Mellette J PMID: 23560892 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23560892?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Rosacea and cardiovascular risk factors: a case control study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Aug 2; Authors: Duman N, Ersoy Evans S, Atakan N Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Rosacea is an inflammatory skin disease with a chronic course. This study aimed to investigate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in rosacea patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 60 rosacea patients and 50 age- and gender-matched controls. Demographic data, medical history, presence of cardiovascular risk factors were recorded. Waist circumference, height, and weight were measured, and the body mass index was calculated for each participant. Laboratory investigations, including fasting blood glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoprotein(a) were performed. RESULTS: In all, 66% of the rosacea patients were female (mean age: 44.65 ± 12.9 years) and 66% of the controls were female (mean age: 42.3 ± 12.3 years). Median disease duration in the rosacea group was 36 months. High total cholesterol (>200 mg/dL), LDL (>130 mg/dL) and CRP (>0.8 mg/L) levels, a family history of premature CVD, and a history of smoking and alcohol consumption were significantly more common in the rosacea patients compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Rosacea patients may have a high risk of CVD. As such, we recommend close follow-up of rosacea patients because of the increased risk of CVD. The mechanism underlying this increased risk is unknown, and additional randomized and controlled studies are required for clarification. PMID: 23909954 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23909954?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related Articles[subjective evaluation of symptoms and effects of treatment and the intensity of the stress and anxiety levels among patients with selected diseases of the skin and gastrointestinal tract]. Psychiatr Pol. 2013 Mar-Apr;47(2):225-37 Authors: Orzechowska A, Talarowska M, Krzysztof Z, Florkowski A, Gałecki P Abstract AIM: Aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between subjective evaluation of disease (the intensity of symptoms, complaints and nuisance effects of treatment) in selected skin diseases and digestive system and investigated psychological factors: the level of stress and severity of state anxiety and trait anxiety. METHOD: Verification of the research hypothesis was made using the following test methods: medical survey prepared by the authors and standardized psychological tests, such as Medical Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) by S. Cohen, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) by C.D. Spielberger. The study was conducted among 120 patients, including patients with psoriasis, rosacea, gastroesophageal reflux disease and irritable bowel syndrome. RESULTS: Patients received average results in the level of stress and anxiety. The highest degree of severity of the disease and its nuisance reported patients with gastrointestinal disease. All invited to the study patients evaluated effects of treatment of their disease as relatively low. In patients with psoriasissignificant relationships conserned the largest number of tested variables, as compared to other groups. CONCLUSIONS: In all groups of patients partial correlation between the examined determinants of psychological and subjective assessment of symptoms and effects of its treatment was shown. The higher rating of the variables was most associated with a higher intensity of stress and anxiety. PMID: 23888757 [PubMed - in process] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23888757?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesFeeling blue? Minocycline-induced staining of the teeth, oral mucosa, sclerae and ears - a case report. Br Dent J. 2013 Jul 26;215(2):71-3 Authors: Johnston S Abstract Minocycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline family, often prescribed in infective skin conditions such as acne and rosacea. Minocycline-induced staining of the sclerae, ears, oral mucosa and teeth are rare but troublesome conditions. If patients already have concerns about their appearance due to an unsightly skin condition, careful consideration ought to be given to using minocycline as it could worsen the status quo, should potentially irreversible blue staining occur. This report describes one case and highlights some of the other dangers of long-term minocycline use which may present themselves to dentists. PMID: 23887527 [PubMed - in process] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23887527?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related ArticlesMinocycline-induced scleral and dermal pigmentation. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013 May;131(5):608 Authors: Kovach JL, Kovach BT PMID: 23699840 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23699840?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related Articles[item 232--Facial dermatoses: acne]. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2012 Oct;139(11 Suppl):A192-6 Authors: CEDEF PMID: 23176845 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23176845?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Polygonal vessels of rosacea are highlighted by dermoscopy. Int J Dermatol. 2013 Jul 24; Authors: Lallas A, Argenziano G, Longo C, Moscarella E, Apalla Z, Koteli C, Zalaudek I PMID: 23879349 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23879349?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Topical Azithromycin as a Novel Treatment for Ocular Rosacea. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2013 Jul 22; Authors: Mantelli F, Di Zazzo A, Sacchetti M, Dianzani C, Lambiase A, Bonini S Abstract Abstract Purpose: Acne rosacea is a common dermatological conditions associated with blepharitis. Current treatments include artificial tears, lid hygiene, and systemic doxycycline. In this study the authors evaluate the effectiveness of topical azithromycin in ocular rosacea. Methods: The authors enrolled 37 ocular rosacea patients: 12 were treated with systemic doxycycline, 16 with azithromycin eyedrops, and 9 did not receive medical treatments. Ocular signs and symptoms and side effects were evaluated at baseline and at 1-month follow-up. Results: A significant improvement in TF-BUT, meibomian gland plugging, and Oxford score associated with symptom reduction was reported by all patients after 1 month. All treatments were well tolerated, with mild gastro-intestinal symptoms in 33% of the doxycycline group and mild burning after instillation in the azithromycin group. Conclusions: Topical azithromycin may represent an additional treatment for ocular rosacea, with a shorter duration of treatment and absence of gastrointestinal side effects as compared to systemic doxycycline. PMID: 23875944 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23875944?dopt=Abstract = URL to article