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Demodicosis: descriptive classification and status of Rosacea, in response to prior classification proposed.

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015 Jan 19;

Authors: Forton FM, Germaux MA, Thibaut SC, Stene JJ, Brasseur TV, Mathys CL, Tytgat MD, Laporte MF

PMID: 25600359 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25600359?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related Articles

The good, the bad, and the ugly of free drug samples.

JAMA Dermatol. 2014 Nov;150(11):1238

Authors: Katz KA, Reid EE, Chren MM

PMID: 25188905 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25188905?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related Articles

The good, the bad, and the ugly of free drug samples.

JAMA Dermatol. 2014 Nov;150(11):1237-8

Authors: Poligone B

PMID: 25188835 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25188835?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Improving the management of rosacea in primary care.

Practitioner. 2014 Oct;258(1775):27-30, 3

Authors: Tidman MJ

Abstract
Rosacea is more common in women than men and occurs more frequently in fair-skinned individuals, usually in the middle years of life. It tends to localise to the cheeks, forehead, chin and nose, sometimes showing marked asymmetry. Only very occasionally does it involve areas other than the face. Rosacea is usually characterised by erythematous papules, pustules, and occasionally plaques (papulopustular rosacea), which fluctuate in severity, typically on a background of erythema and telangiectasia. In some individuals, facial redness can be prominent and permanent (erythematotelangiectatic rosacea). Important distinguishing features from acne are a lack of comedones, absence of involvement of extra-facial areas, and the presence of flushing. Hypertrophy of facial sebaceous glands, sometimes with fibrotic changes, may result in unsightly thickening of the skin. Men, in particular, may develop marked enlargement and distortion of the nose. Occasionally, the predominant feature of rosacea is swelling of the eyelids and firm oedematous changes elsewhere on the face. Involvement of the eyes is an important, underdiagnosed complication that may result in significant ocular morbidity. Involvement of the external eye surfaces by rosacea usually necessitates ophthalmological advice. There is often no correlation between the degree of ocular and cutaneous rosacea, and ocular rosacea may occur alone. Rosacea is a disfiguring condition that can have a major psychosocial impact, and its detrimental effect on emotional health and quality of life is often overlooked.

PMID: 25591285 [PubMed - in process]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25591285?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related Articles

Transcriptional changes in organoculture of full-thickness human skin following topical application of all-trans retinoic acid.

Int J Cosmet Sci. 2014 Jun;36(3):253-61

Authors: Gillbro JM, Al-Bader T, Westman M, Olsson MJ, Mavon A

Abstract
In this study, we developed an organoculture of human skin to investigate the effect of topical applied all-trans retinoic acid using a gene array approach. We could by using this approach confirm previous studies on genes activated by RA in keratinocyte monocultures and also provide new insights on genes that are relevant to RA-activation in human skin. The results in the present study show this model represent a valuable pre-clinical model for studying the effects of retinoids in skin.

PMID: 24697191 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24697191?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Borrelial pseudolymphoma of the nose.

BMJ Case Rep. 2015;2015

Authors: Mohanna MT, Kamarashev J, Hofbauer GF

Abstract
A 52-year-old Colombian woman, a patient with psoriasis, undergoing phototherapy with (ultraviolet B narrowband) UVBnb, presented with a symptomless solitary diffuse erythaematous plaque on her nose for 3 months. Initially, she was treated with pimecrolimus 1% cream for 8 weeks, which was then combined with metronidazole cream for 4 weeks, with the initial diagnosis of UV-triggered rosacea, without improvement. A punch biopsy was performed and the histology showed a pseudolymphomatous reaction. The diagnosis of nasal pseudolymphoma of borreliosis was confirmed with PCR. The lesion completely resolved following oral doxycycline therapy.

PMID: 25568264 [PubMed - in process]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25568264?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

[Features of patients with the multiple sensitization diagnostics before allergen specific immunotherapy will be set and the assessment of the therapy results with the laboratory methods].

Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk. 2014;(7-8):85-92

Authors:

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Due to the wide expansion of atopy, its early beginning, variety of forms, difficulty of specific pathogenetic treatment, and also high cost of in vitro researches there is a need of diagnostic test systems development and optimization.
AIM: To make the assessment of atopy diagnostics efficiency in children with a multiple allergy and the analysis of specific immunotherapy (ASIT) influence on immune markers level in serum for a choice of the most significant predictive indicator.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: 457 children (mean age 8,9 ± 4,3 years) with pollinosis symptoms that prevalence in spring period were tested with birch pollen allergens extract by detecting allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels. Than patient witch showed positive sIgE level (243 children) were tested with expanded set of plant allergens (birch, alder, hazel, oak pollen, allergens of Rosaceae family and carrot) and set of birch pollen allergocomponents (Bet v1, Bet v2, Bet v4, Bet v6). From them 32 patients were treated with allergen-specific immunotherapy. Immunological assays were performed by indirect immunofluorescent method on ImmunoCAP250 (Sweden).
RESULTS: It was shown that birch allergens sIgE antibodies detection in patients with pollinosis allows to estimate sensitization degree to allergens of related trees and could predict their quantitative values. The oak allergens sIgE level is a good predictive marker of sIgE level to food plant derived allergens. And apple allergens sIgE concentration is closely assotiated with sIgE to fruit allergens of Rosacea family. Detection of sensitization to minor allergens in patient influences on therapy efficacy prognosis.
CONCLUSION: sIgE detection to limited number of allergens (birch-oak-apple) is effective to sIgE value assessment in patient with allergy to plant causing allergens cross reactivity. Component-divided in vitro diagnostics directed on reveal of sensitization caused by minor allergens, is actual at the answer a question about ASIT validity and its efficiency. Component-divided in vitro diagnostics directed on reveal of sensitization caused by minor allergens, is actual at the answer a question about ASIT validity and its efficiency. Significant results of the therapy are shown after double course ASIT that also allows to reduce considerably production of sIgE antibodies to significant allergens, and cross reacting plant food allergens.

PMID: 25563008 [PubMed - in process]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25563008?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

A Review of Vitamin B12 in Dermatology.

Am J Clin Dermatol. 2015 Jan 6;

Authors: Brescoll J, Daveluy S

Abstract
Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that is important in the hematological and nervous systems, and it has a complex relationship with the skin. Altered cobalamin levels can lead to dermatological manifestations, which may indicate a deficiency or excess of this vitamin. The biochemistry and metabolism of cobalamin is complex, and diseases can be associated with alterations of this metabolic pathway. The cutaneous manifestations of cobalamin deficiency include hyperpigmentation (most commonly); hair and nail changes; and oral changes, including glossitis. Additionally, several dermatologic conditions, including vitiligo, aphthous stomatitis, atopic dermatitis, and acne are related to cobalamin excess or deficiency. The cutaneous complications of cobalamin therapy include acne, rosacea, and allergic site reactions, or anaphylaxis with cobalamin injections. As cobalt is a component of cobalamin, patients with cobalt sensitivity have been reported to have cutaneous manifestations when receiving cobalamin replacement therapy.

PMID: 25559140 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25559140?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma.

Clin Exp Dermatol. 2014 Dec 31;

Authors: González Rodríguez AJ, Jordá Cuevas E

Abstract
Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma (IFAG) is a condition that is commonly encountered in clinical practice, but is rarely reported. It appears in childhood and its pathogenesis is still unknown. It has a benign course with resolution within a few months without aggressive treatment. Microbiological tests are negative and histological findings are nonspecific. It is possible that this condition is part of the spectrum of granulomatous rosacea in childhood. We present two cases in which diagnosis of IFAG was established and resolved without sequelae following topical antibiotic treatment.

PMID: 25557471 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25557471?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Treatment of Early Stage Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea with a Q-Switched 595-nm Nd:YAG Laser.

J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2014 Dec 30;:1-12

Authors: Goo BL, Kang J, Cho SB

Abstract
Abstract Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea presents as persistent erythema and telangiectasia with frequent flushing and blushing on the facial and extrafacial skin. Additionally, papulopustular rosacea shows acneiform papules, pustules, and nodules with persistent plaque-form edema. Despite garnering only grade C or D level recommendations, a 585-nm or 595-nm flash lamp pumped pulsed-dye laser can be considered as an effective therapeutic modality for the treatment of rosacea in the patients refractory to topical and/or systemic treatments. In this report, treatment with a Q-switched 595-nm Nd:YAG laser with low non-purpurogenic fluence proved to be safe and effective in treating early stage erythematotelangiectatic rosacea in two female Korean patients. Laser treatment for rosacea was delivered with the settings of a pulse energy of 0.4-0.5 J/cm(2), a pulse duration of 5-10-nsec, a 5-mm spot size, 5 Hz, and 500 shots. Additionally, we found that remarkable therapeutic effects were achieved for both rosacea and melasma by combining Q-switched quick pulse-to-pulse 1,064-nm Nd:YAG and Q-switched 595-nm Nd:YAG laser treatments, which required only the changing of handpieces equipped with solid dye. In conclusion, we suggest that treatment with a Q-switched 595-nm Nd:YAG laser with low fluence may provide an additional therapeutic option for treating early stage erythematotelangiectatic rosacea.

PMID: 25549817 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25549817?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Impact of Intradermal AbobotulinumtoxinA on Facial Erythema of Rosacea.

Dermatol Surg. 2015 Jan;41 Suppl 1:S9-S16

Authors: Bloom BS, Payongayong L, Mourin A, Goldberg DJ

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Facial erythema is a frequent and often distressing complaint of patients with rosacea. Treatment of facial erythema with botulinum toxin has previously been proposed and reported. However, the current literature has mixed results.
OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intradermal abobotulinumtoxinA on facial erythema of rosacea.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five subjects aged 35 to 70 years with Fitzpatrick skin Types I to IV and facial erythema of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea were enrolled in the trial. Subjects received 15 to 45 units of intradermal injections of abobotulinumtoxinA to the nasal tip, nasal bridge, and nasal alae. A nontreating investigator assessed the facial erythema of rosacea using a standardized grading system (0 = absent, 1 = mild erythema, 2 = moderate erythema, and 3 = severe erythema) to evaluate digital photographs at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 months after treatment. Statistical analysis of erythema grade included one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and pairwise comparisons using SPSS (IBM Corporation) software.
RESULTS: Fifteen of the 25 enrolled subjects completed all the appropriate follow-up visits. Only the 15 subjects with complete data were included in analysis. The subjects were of Fitzpatrick skin Types I to III, a mean age of 54 years, and 80% women. The mean baseline erythema grade was 1.80 (±0.56), and the mean erythema grade at 3 months after treatment was 1.00 (±0.38). The treatment resulted in statistically significant improvement in erythema grade at 1, 2, and 3 months after treatment when compared with baseline (p < .05, p < .001, and p < .05, respectively). Pairwise comparison to baseline showed a mean erythema grade improvement of 0.80 (p < .001) at 3-month follow-up.
CONCLUSION: Intradermal injection of botulinum toxin for the treatment of facial erythema of rosacea seems both effective and safe. Larger, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled studies are warranted. Additionally, further investigation is needed to elucidate the mechanism of action by which botulinum toxin improves facial flushing of rosacea.

PMID: 25548852 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25548852?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

[What's new in dermatological therapy?].

Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2014 Dec;141 Suppl 4:S643-53

Authors: Meunier L

Abstract
This non-exhaustive review focuses on publications that have been the subject of randomized controlled trials. It will also include results from research that may lead to new therapeutic perspectives. The selected articles were published between October 2013 and September 2014. The vast majority of them were dedicated to the treatment of psoriasis (anti-TNF, ustekinumab, antibodies against IL-17 or its receptors, anti-IL-23, anti-CD6 and ponesimod). Selected papers will also address the following diseases: atopic dermatitis, urticaria, acne, bullous diseases, alopecia areata, skin infections, acne rosacea and leg ulcers.

PMID: 25539756 [PubMed - in process]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25539756?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Rosacea in skin of color: not a rare diagnosis.

Dermatol Online J. 2014;20(10)

Authors: Al-Dabagh A, Davis SA, McMichael AJ, Feldman SR

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of rosacea in skin of color is not well characterized and may be underestimated. Physicians may not recognize and diagnose rosacea correctly in skin of color.Purpose: To assess the prevalence of rosacea in skin of color and determine if patients of color with rosacea symptoms are receiving a diagnosis of rosaceaMethods: We analyzed the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) for 1993-2010 for racial and ethnic distribution of patients with rosacea. Common reasons for visit in rosacea patients were tabulated and frequency of rosacea diagnosis was compared in patients of each race with the relevant reasons for visit.Results: Of all patients diagnosed with rosacea, 2.0% were black, 2.3% were Asian or Pacific Islander, and 3.9% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Leading reasons for visit associated with rosacea included "other diseases of the skin", skin rash, and discoloration or abnormal pigmentation. Rosacea was the primary diagnosis for 8.3% of whites and 2.2% of blacks complaining of "other diseases of the skin", for 2.0% of whites and 0.6% of blacks complaining of skin rash, and for 3.0% of whites and 0.0% of blacks complaining of discoloration or abnormal pigmentation. The percentage of rosacea patients who were black or Asian/Pacific Islander did not change significantly over time.Limitations: No specific reason-for-visit code indicating rosacea exists in the NAMCS. Prevalence may be underestimated if some patients do not visit a physician for treatment.Conclusions: Patients of color rarely receive a diagnosis of rosacea, even when they have symptoms suggesting it. Rosacea has not become more commonly diagnosed in skin of color in recent years.

PMID: 25526008 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25526008?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Rosacea, the face of innate immunity.

Br J Dermatol. 2014 Dec;171(6):1282-4

Authors: Dorschner RA, Williams MR, Gallo RL

PMID: 25523247 [PubMed - in process]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25523247?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Lewandowsky's Rosaceiform Eruption: a Form of Cutaneous Tuberculosis Confirmed by PCR in Two Patients.

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2014 Dec 18;

Authors: Conlledo R, Guglielmetti A, Sobarzo M, Woolvett F, Bravo F, González S, Fich F, Vial V

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Cutaneous tuberculosis (TBC) is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and is present in less than 1-2% of all TBC cases. The current problem with diagnosis is the demonstration of bacillus in the skin, especially paucibacillar forms, where sources like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have improved diagnostic capacity.
CASE PRESENTATION: Two cases of cutaneous TBC are reported. The first patient was 52-year-old woman with facial erythematous papulo-nodular lesions which had been developing for 4 months, and had previously been treated as acne rosacea, with partial response. Histopathological studies showed chronic granulomatous inflammation. TBC was suspected, so PCR was performed, which showed positive for M. tuberculosis. The second case was a 43-year-old woman with a facial rosaceiform plaque which began 6 months previously, and was treated as rosacea without any change for 5 months. Skin biopsy and PCR were positive for TBC. Both cases were treated using primary schedule for TBC, and both presented a favorable response.
DISCUSSION: A clinical profile called Lewandowsky's rosacea-like eruption has been previously described. The condition has been questioned for years and was later removed from the spectrum of tuberculids and cutaneous TBC for not being able to isolate microorganisms in skin samples, a situation that might now change. In paucibacillar forms, when culture and staining are negative and TBC is still suspected, it is recommended to use DNA amplification by PCR for an accurate diagnosis. Both cases bring up the concern about once again bringing Lewandowsky's rosaceiform eruption into the spectrum of cutaneous TBC, and the discussion about the current definition of tuberculid.

PMID: 25518812 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25518812?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Brimonidine for erythema caused by rosacea.

Drug Ther Bull. 2014 Dec;52(12):138-40

Authors:

Abstract
Brimonidine gel (Mirvaso-Galderma) became available in February of this year for the symptomatic treatment of facial erythema associated with rosacea in adults.1 Here, we review the evidence on brimonidine gel and consider its place in the management of erythema associated with rosacea.

PMID: 25505014 [PubMed - in process]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25505014?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Granulomatous rosacea manifesting after herpes simplex 2 infection: A case of Wolf's isotopic response.

J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015 Jan;72(1):e36-7

Authors: Mula KN, Cassler NM, Lackey JN

PMID: 25497950 [PubMed - in process]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25497950?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Recall Dermatitis to Metronidazole.

J Cutan Med Surg. 2014 Dec 1;18(0):1-2

Authors: Mussani F, Skotnicki S

Abstract
Background and Objective:Recall dermatitis is an uncommon entity that has been noted with patch testing, repeat exposures to a medication or allergen, and the concurrent use of ultraviolet radiation and certain medications. Recall dermatitis from primary cutaneous exposure and subsequent oral exposure are rare, and the etiology remains unknown.Conclusion:We report a case of recall dermatitis with a drug eruption secondary to metronidazole. Therapy with this medication was initially topical for rosacea and subsequently oral for a gastrointestinal infection. This case draws attention to the use of metronidazole and the risk of recall dermatitis.

PMID: 25492427 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25492427?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Bartonella quintana detection in Demodex from erythematotelangiectatic rosacea patients.

Int J Infect Dis. 2014 Oct 24;29C:176-177

Authors: Murillo N, Mediannikov O, Aubert J, Raoult D

Abstract
We report here the presence of Bartonella quintana in a demodex. Demodex are arthropods associated with acnea. Bartonella quintana was found by broad Spectrum 16rDNA PCR amplification and sequencing, and confirmed by specific PCR. Bartonella quintana may parasite several arthropods and not only lice.

PMID: 25449254 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25449254?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Red face revisited: Flushing.

Clin Dermatol. 2014 Nov-Dec;32(6):800-8

Authors: IkizoÄŸlu G

Abstract
The term red face is reserved for lesions located exclusively or very predominantly on the face that result from changes in cutaneous blood flow triggered by multiple different conditions. Facial erythema may not only present clinically as a distinct entity, but can also be a sign of other diseases. Patients with a red face challenge clinicians to consider a broad differential diagnosis. Diagnosis is based on date and mode of appearance, characteristics of the erythema, functional signs, and associated systemic manifestations. In most cases, the cause is a benign disease such as rosacea, contact dermatitis, photodermatosis, and climacterium, and a thorough history and physical examination is enough to make a diagnosis; facial erythema may also present as a symptom of drug allergies, cardiac disease, carcinoid syndrome, pheochromocytoma, mastocytosis, and anaphylaxis, as well as some rare causes such as medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, pancreatic cell tumor, and renal carcinoma where further laboratory, radiologic, or histopathologic studies are required. In this review, the mechanisms of flushing, its clinical differential diagnosis, and management of various conditions that cause flushing are discussed.

PMID: 25441473 [PubMed - in process]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25441473?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Red face and fungi infection.

Clin Dermatol. 2014 Nov-Dec;32(6):734-8

Authors: Welsh O, Vera-Cabrera L

Abstract
Red face syndrome is characterized by an erythematous dermatitis that is produced by different entities. These include rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, cutaneous lupus, photodermatosis, post-topical steroid dermatosis, demodicosis, borderline borderline (BB) leprosy, mastocytosis, carcinoid, postneoplasia flushing, cutaneous lymphoma, tineas, ulerythema ophryogenes, and psychosomatic flushing. Red face is a relatively common dermatologic manifestation. Our goal is to review tinea corporis and other fungi that affect this region causing facial erythema and its therapeutic management.

PMID: 25441465 [PubMed - in process]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25441465?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

An Emerging Treatment: Topical Ivermectin for Papulopustular Rosacea.

J Dermatolog Treat. 2014 Nov 26;:1-8

Authors: Abokwidir M, Fleischer AB

Abstract
Abstract Ivermectin shows broad-spectrum anti-parasitic activity. It kills the Demodex mites that reside in the pilosebaceous units of patients with papulopustular rosacea. Ivermectin also has anti-inflammatory effects, it decreases cellular and humoral immune responses. Inflammatory mechanisms appear to play a dominant role in development of rosacea inflammatory lesions. Additionally, there is some evidence that it has antimicrobial activity, against Myobacterium tuberculosis and Chlamydia trachomatis. In recent clinical studies of ivermectin on rosacea show that it was superior to vehicle in reducing inflammatory lesion counts, and tolerability was excellent.Ivermectin displays antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities.

PMID: 25424053 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25424053?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

[Confusion between rosacea and bacterial keratitis].

Pan Afr Med J. 2014;18:81

Authors: Derrar R, Daoudi R

PMID: 25400848 [PubMed - in process]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25400848?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

A review of nicotinamide: treatment of skin diseases and potential side effects.

J Cosmet Dermatol. 2014 Dec;13(4):324-8

Authors: Rolfe HM

Abstract
Nicotinamide, also known as niacinamide, is the amide form of vitamin B3. It is a precursor of essential coenzymes for numerous reactions in the body including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Nicotinic acid, also known as niacin, is converted into nicotinamide in the body. The use of topical nicotinamide in the treatment of acne vulgaris; melasma; atopic dermatitis; rosacea; and oral nicotinamide in preventing nonmelanoma skin cancer is discussed. The possible side effects and consequences of excessive nicotinamide exposure are reviewed, including suggestions nicotinamide might have a role in the development of diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and liver damage.

PMID: 25399625 [PubMed - in process]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25399625?dopt=Abstract = URL to article

Related Articles

Control of the shell structural properties and cavity diameter of hollow magnesium fluoride particles.

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2014 Mar 26;6(6):4418-27

Authors: Nandiyanto AB, Ogi T, Okuyama K

Abstract
Control of the shell structural properties [i.e., thickness (8-25 nm) and morphology (dense and raspberry)] and cavity diameter (100-350 nm) of hollow particles was investigated experimentally, and the results were qualitatively explained based on the available theory. We found that the selective deposition size and formation of the shell component on the surface of a core template played important roles in controlling the structure of the resulting shell. To achieve the selective deposition size and formation of the shell component, various process parameters (i.e., reaction temperature and charge, size, and composition of the core template and shell components) were tested. Magnesium fluoride (MgF2) and polystyrene spheres were used as models for shell and core components, respectively. MgF2 was selected because, to the best of our knowledge, the current reported approaches to date were limited to synthesis of MgF2 in film and particle forms only. Therefore, understanding how to control the formation of MgF2 with various structures (both the thickness and morphology) is a prospective for advanced lens synthesis and applications.

PMID: 24555959 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24555959?dopt=Abstract = URL to article