Melatonin for Rosacea

[Guide]

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Melatonin for Rosacea
One paper has stated, "Among the 113 predicted drugs, melatonin (MLT) was co-associated with both RORA and IFN-γ in AD and rosacea. Subsequently, network pharmacology analysis identified 19 pharmacological targets of MLT and demonstrated that MLT could help in treating AD/rosacea partly by modulating inflammatory and vascular signaling pathways. Finally, we verified the therapeutic role and mechanism of MLT on rosacea in vivo and in vitro. We found that MLT treatment significantly improved rosacea-like skin lesion by reducing keratinocyte-mediated inflammatory cytokine secretion and repressing the migration of HUVEC cells. In conclusion, this study contributes to common pathologies shared by rosacea and AD and identified MLT as an effective treatment strategy for rosacea and AD via regulating inflammation and angiogenesis."

Bioinformatics and Network Pharmacology Identify the Therapeutic Role and Potential Mechanism of Melatonin in AD and Rosacea

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[Guide]

(image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons)

"Melatonin is a hormone primarily released by the pineal gland at night, and has long been associated with control of the sleep–wake cycle." [1] Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) "is produced by various tissues in the body, although the major source is the pineal gland in the brain. Melatonin is produced naturally from the amino acid tryptophan, by the pineal gland at night-time." [2] "Melatonin dietary supplements can be made from animals or microorganisms, but most often they’re made synthetically." [3] 

"Commercial melatonin production is predominantly performed by complex chemical synthesis." [4]

"Moreover studies suggest that the melatonin hormone is also an effective cancer inhibitor, can be beneficial in treating neurodegenerative diseases, and is useful to fight depression and anxiety. The first commercially available melatonin was produced via extraction of pineal glands of animals. However, one of the biggest drawbacks of the extraction process is the danger of viral contamination of the animal tissue. Therefore, melatonin is typically chemically synthesized, requiring toxic solvents and catalysts, albeit that all of these solvents and chemical intermediates are abundantly available...For recombinant melatonin production, we chose budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the host, since the product is intended for food supplement and medical applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on heterologous production of melatonin from glucose." [4]

"Some of the products are labeled "natural" melatonin and are reputed to contain actual extracts of the pineal gland. You should avoid these products. If the pills contain actual animal tissue, they may be contaminated with viruses or proteins which may be dangerous. You should buy synthetic melatonin. The synthetic melatonin is made from pharmaceutical grade ingredients and is molecularly identical to the melatonin you produce in your own body." [5]

"The origins, purity and the relatively low risk of contamination in plant melatonin have opened the door to its use as a nutraceutical compound, Spanish scientists suggest." [6]

End Notes 

[1] Melatonin, Wikipedia 

[2] You and Your Hormones, Melatonin 

[3] Melatonin: What You Need To Know, NIH

[4] Biotechnol J. 2016 May; 11(5): 717–724.
Glucose‐based microbial production of the hormone melatonin in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Susanne M. Germann, Simo A. Baallal Jacobsen,  Konstantin Schneider,  Scott J. Harrison,  Niels B. Jensen,  Xiao Chen,  Steen G. Stahlhut,  Irina Borodina,  Hao Luo,  Jiangfeng Zhu,  Jérôme Maury, Jochen Forster

[5] Melatonin, UNC School of Medicine

[6] Plant-based melatonin: A real alternative to synthetic forms?,