Inflammatory Theory

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image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

"The pathophysiology of rosacea appears to be inflammatory, and most of the interventions modulate the inflammatory process in some way."

The pharmacologic therapy of rosacea: a paradigm shift in progress., Bikowski JB., Cutis. 2005 Mar;75(3 Suppl):27-32; discussion 33-6.

"Although the fundamental pathogenesis of rosacea remains unknown, inflammation is a central process in this disorder."

Reactive oxygen species and rosacea., Jones D., Cutis. 2004 Sep;74(3 Suppl):17-20, 32-4.

"...Many pharmacologic agents that effectively treat the symptoms of rosacea show anti-inflammatory and/or immunomodulating effects, providing further evidence that rosacea is an inflammatory disorder..."

Rosacea as an inflammatory disorder: a unifying theory?, Millikan LE., Cutis. 2004 Jan;73(1 Suppl):5-8.

"The stigmata of rosacea may be manifestations of an inflammatory process: neutrophilic dermatosis."

The Proposed Inflammatory Pathophysiology of Rosacea: Rosacea as an Inflammatory Disorder, Larry Millikan, MD, Medscape

"Based on the theory that rosacea shares the same inflammatory features of acne a recent study showed that, ..."

P. Acnes Possible Factor in Rosacea, BenzaClin a significant Tx in lesion reduction, Beth Kapes, Dermatology Times

Oracea, a popular prescription for rosacea, is used not for its antibiotic effect but instead for its an anti-inflammatory effect.

One study in Finland looked at levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), commonly used in clinical studies as a strong marker for inflammation. The researchers found that individuals with slightly elevated blood levels of CRP were 1.7 times more likely to have rosacea than normal individuals. The study concluded, "low grade inflammation is present in several skin diseases," including rosacea. 
Acta Derm Venereol. 2017 Sep 13. doi: 10.2340/00015555-2795. 
The Association Between Low Grade Systemic Inflammation and Skin Diseases: A Cross-sectional Survey in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.
Sinikumpu SP, Huilaja L, Auvinen J, Jokelainen J, Puukka K, Ruokonen A, Timonen M, Tasanen K.

"Researchers from the University of Illinois at Chicago have identified a protein that is crucial for activating inflammation....Researchers led by Asrar Malik, Schweppe Family Distinguished Professor and head of pharmacology in the UIC College of Medicine, have now identified the channel, called TWIK2, and have studied its function in macrophages, a type of immune cell involved in fending off infections as well as clearing debris during inflammation. "Now that we have identified this crucial channel, it opens up the possibility of developing targeted new anti-inflammatory drugs to modify its function and help and reduce inflammation," said Malik. While some drugs currently exist that target potassium channels, drugs specific to the TWIK2 channel still need to be developed." [1]

What is inflammation? Answer. 

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End Notes

[1] Key protein involved in triggering inflammation, University of Illinois at Chicago, Science Daily

 

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"Researchers from the University of Illinois at Chicago have identified a protein that is crucial for activating inflammation....Researchers led by Asrar Malik, Schweppe Family Distinguished Professor and head of pharmacology in the UIC College of Medicine, have now identified the channel, called TWIK2, and have studied its function in macrophages, a type of immune cell involved in fending off infections as well as clearing debris during inflammation. "Now that we have identified this crucial channel, it opens up the possibility of developing targeted new anti-inflammatory drugs to modify its function and help and reduce inflammation," said Malik. While some drugs currently exist that target potassium channels, drugs specific to the TWIK2 channel still need to be developed." [1]

Key protein involved in triggering inflammation, University of Illinois at Chicago, Science Daily

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An interesting article on this subject states, "The pharmaceutical and biotech industry is invested in testing anti-inflammatory drugs for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. There is also interest in the role of diet, obesity, stress, gum disease, the gut microbiome and other risk factors in low-grade inflammation that could be controlled without drugs. There are now dozens of studies measuring the anti-inflammatory effects of psychological interventions, such as meditation or mindfulness, or lifestyle management programmes, diets or exercise regimes."

From Depression to Dementia, Inflammation Is Medicine’s New Frontier, Edward Bullmore, The Guardian, Pocket Worthy