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    Welcome to the Rosacea Research and Development Institute [RRDi] official web site. The RRDi is a grassroots  501 (c) 3 non profit organization for rosacea patient advocacy unlike any other rosacea non profit organization. If you suffer from rosacea you are a rosacean. Finding the cure for rosacea through research is our goal (read our mission statement for a complete list of our goals). Our website is 'everything rosacea.'   Our website is now a subscription based members only website. 95% of our website requires a donation of $12/year so we can keep this website going. Guests can only view about 5% of our website. Please register and donate $12 for a twelve month subscription (minimum is $2/donation for one month access). Thanks for your donation! We need 100 active subscribers!

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    Guests vs Active Members

     

    Guests and Inactive members can only view about 5% of our rosacea content on this website. You can gain access to all the rosacea data on our website if you register an account. Membership is subscription based. Learn moreBeginning February 10, 2022 all inactive members will have to purchase a subscription to be active again for a minimum of $2 for one month ($1/month for three or more months). Guests will have to also purchase a subscription to view our website. We need 100 active subscribers!

    Why not read the recent activity and pick a topic that interests you? Many of the links require you purchase a subscription if you see an error message. 

    RRDi Videos • FAQs • In our menu, use FORUMS or SITE INDEX to browse our website. 

    We are rosaceans and this is a grassroots rosacea non profit organization. Read more About the RRDi.

    If you are a novice or a professional we are accepting papers on rosacea subjects to be published in the next edition of the Journal of the RRDi.

    IS THIS ROSACEA?
    The above question is probably the most frequently asked question on the internet about rosacea. Click here for the answer 

    Download our mobile app! • Win a free jar of the ZZ Cream?  • YouTube Videos •

    Where to Begin Your Search 
    We first of all warmly invite you to join the RRDi as an active member with just your email address. This opens up to you a huge amount of rosacea data that can help you in your search for rosacea treatment as well as gives you an opportunity to engage with other rosaceans which is part of our core mission. Guests who are not comfortable registering may post in our feedback forum, and are allowed in the following areas of our website, but are not allowed into the member forums available to active members:

    ACTIVE MEMBERS ONLY ARE ALLOWED IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS

    Want your own free private rosacea blog? • Open a rosacea club! (members only) • Guests can leave feedback without registering an account.

    Recommend you read our FAQs for at least a half hour. Afterwards, browse our public member forum for another half hour once you have access to our member forums. If you are concerned about your privacy when joining our non profit as a member, we have several options which are discussed below by scrolling to 'How to Join' in the third paragraph under that subheading which explains those options. We take your privacy very seriously and our privacy policy is second to none! 

    Active Members
    Once you join the RRDi you must remain an active member to continue to have access to our website in the member forums. 

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    What is Rosacea?
    Rosacea is a chronic and sometimes progressive disorder of the face, characterized by some or all of the following symptoms:

    Extremely sensitive facial skin with blushing, flushing, permanent redness, burning, stinging, swelling, papules, pustules, broken red capillary veins, red gritty eyes (which can lead to visual disturbances) and in more advanced cases, a disfiguring bulbous nose. Men and women of all ages can be affected, with over 415 million estimated rosacea sufferers worldwide

    Most links below require you to subscribe. 

    "Rosacea is probably a collection of many different diseases that are lumped together inappropriately." Zoe Diana Draelos, MD. 
    Dr. Draelos is a member of the ROSIE [ROSacea International Expert] Group that says the subtype classification of rosacea is controversial. Dr. Draelos is also a member of the RRDi MAC. Just because you have a red face might mean you have another skin condition instead of or with rosacea, since other skin conditions may co-exist with rosaceamimic rosacea or you might have a rosacea variant (over a dozen variants to differentiate).  

    "Rosacea is a multifactorial, hyper-reactivity, vascular and neural based disease with a broad range of facial manifestations where normal vasodilation is greater and more persistent and involves an autoimmune component of microscopic amounts of extravasated plasma induce localized dermal inflammation that may induce repeated external triggers, vasodilation, telangiectasias, redness with eventual fibrosis and hypertrophic scarring of the dermis." Sandra Cremers, M.D., F.A.C.S., RRDi MAC Member.

    If you note, there are different definitions of what constitutes rosacea which is common. Clarity with phenotypes (see below) helps in a differential diagnosis

    Phenotypes
    In November 2016, the RRDi endorsed the phenotype classification of rosacea which was announced by the ROSCO panel as a better approach of diagnosising rosacea than using subtypes. If your dermatologist still refers to subtypes, he/she is not keeping up with the latest classification of rosacea and you should point this out to your physician. Learn more about phenotypes

    Rosacea Differential Diagnosis and Misdiagnosis
    Your physician should differentiate rosacea from a plethora of other skin conditions. If you need photos of rosacea click here.

    Sometimes rosacea is misdiagnosed.

    Treatment
    'There are a number of topical, oral and systemic treatments available. Yet, treatment for rosacea remains difficult." Expert Opinion Pharmacotherapy 

    “There’s no one treatment that’s going to work for everybody, but we evaluate each patient individually and try to select the treatments from our armamentarium that we think will be the simplest and safest for long-term control.” John Meisenheimer, MD, Orlando, The City's Magazine

    "Ultimately, rosacea is a subjective and entirely individual experience." Rosacea: Beyond the visable

    There are prescription, non prescription and natural or alternative treatments (check out our affiliate store) for rosacea that the RRDi keeps up with and posts on our website. Volunteer Members also contribute to the website. You will not find any other website about rosacea that has more information on rosacea than the RRDi. None. The RRDi website is a wealth of rosacea data found no where else on the internet (you can google and find rosacea information and the results will include what is categorized in appropriate places on our website). Volunteers make sure of this. You can join and continue to add to the rosacea data. Isn't that what volunteering is all about? 

    Cause of Rosacea
    No one really knows what causes rosacea and there are a number of theories for your consideration. Our latest article on this subject, Rosacea Theories Revisited is worth your time to consider. 

    What will the RRDi Do For Me?
    If you are a rosacea newbie read this post. You can view the list of prescription treatments prescribed for rosacea. There is a list of non prescription treatments for rosacea to consider. We have an affiliate store dedicated to rosacea books, treatments and odd and ends. You can browse our public member forum and learn about rosacea. The digital medical revolution can assist you in your search for a treatment to improve your condition. Your rosacea is an individual case and you may find what treatment will work for your rosacea and not a treatment aimed at the masses. Rosaceans can come together and share data, using collaboration tools that the RRDi offers for free. If you have the volunteer spirit and want to become part of this innovative non profit, learn how you can volunteer and be part of this digital medical revolution. You can post in our member forum if you join and register simply with an email address. If you have concerns regarding your privacy, please consider this post.

    Once you join you have a number of tools to collaborate with other members. You can create your own rosacea blog, with easy step by step directions on how to do this. Our Gallery application lets members share photos and videos with the community. One other tool you can use is setting up your own Club

    Volunteers who contribute their time and energy may receive a free G Suite account through a generous contribution of Google, one of our sponsors.  

    You may receive a free ebook, Rosacea 101: Includes the Rosacea Diet as a gift from the founder/director if you mention in your registration application that you want the free ebook (write in the volunteer box you want the free ebook). If you are already a member and want the ebook just fill out the contact form and request a copy

    You can post in our member forum about your rosacea experience. However, we want real members, not spammers, hackers or trolls. We provide a safe, secure forum for our members, so our membership registration is very secure requiring your accepting our terms for membership.

    Our 2016 Rosacea Survey is completed and available for public viewing.  You may review a list of our education grants. Finally, ask not what the RRDi can do for you, ask.....

    What Can You Do for the RRDi?
    Your joining and registering with our organization will increase our membership. All that is required to join is an email address (your email address is private and members never see your email address nor does the RRDi give your private email address out to anyone). Our goal is to reach a membership of 10,000 members. Think about that, 10,000 rosacea sufferers joined together as a non profit organization and you are member. We need you to join to help us reach this goal!

    The RRDi is a volunteeer member driven organization and invites rosacea sufferers to become involved. Volunteering is the force that drives the organization and is an integral spirit of the RRDi philosophy. The RRDi warmly invites rosacea sufferers to participate in this non profit which you can become a part of. You are not required to volunteer when you join, since we still want you to join even if you can't volunteer. If all you can do is become a member, that will increase our membership which is helpful in itself. So if you can volunteer, let us know on when you register. Or just join with an email address and let us know later you want to volunteer. Please join or public forum. Or you may prefer our new private forum

    Please carefully read the next subheading on how to join and if you have concerns about privacy. 

    How to Join
    Subscribe. To post in our Member Forum or submit articles for publication you must register to join to become a member. The RRDi no longer requires that you provide us with your contact info and mailing address to be a non voting member. However you still need to agree to our policies, rules, etc., since you become a member of the RRDi whether a voting member or not. If you want to vote, simply include all the profile contact fields. We have over 1000 members who are voting members, so we have plenty. It is your choice if you want to vote or not. 

    If you need assistance contact us. Our volunteers will be happy to assist you. 

    Your privacy is our utmost concern and we will take precautions to ensure your privacy will never be violated. Our Privacy Policy is solid. If you have concerns regarding your privacy, please consider this post.

    Once you have joined you can post in our secure members forum which will allow you to post questions to the Medical Advisory Consultants (MAC) and to fellow members or to submit articles for our journal. Yes, members may have an article published on our web site or in our journal. You may receive a free G Suite account with our organization if you have the volunteer spirit. 

    Charter and Mission Statement
    The Charter of the Corporation states the purpose and Mission Statement which clearly outlines the goals of our non profit corporation. If you are interested in the history of how and why this non profit organization was formed click here for more information

    Of course there are expenses to keep this non profit organization going. Any donation you give will assist us to continue to keep this web site going, publish our journal, and sponsor education grantsMahalo for your donation. even if it is small. Every dollar helps us keep going.  

    The RRDi is registered at GuideStar

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  • Posts

    • Dermatologie (Heidelb). 2023 Mar 7. doi: 10.1007/s00105-023-05123-8. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Dermoscopy is an easily accessible, noninvasive diagnostic tool, originally used in the differentiation of benign and malignant skin tumors. Other structures beside pigment content observed by dermoscopy, e.g., scaling, follicles, or vessels, may present in a specific pattern in different dermatoses. Recognition of these patterns may aid the diagnosis of inflammatory and infectious dermatological conditions. The aim of this article is to review the distinct dermoscopic features of granulomatous and autoimmune skin diseases. Diagnosis of granulomatous skin disorders is based on the histopathological examination. The dermoscopic picture of these diseases (cutaneous sarcoidosis, granuloma annulare, necrobiosis lipoidica, and granulomatous rosacea) show many similarities; however, there are some differences to note between the dermatoses, mainly in granuloma annulare. The cornerstones of the diagnostic process of autoimmune skin diseases (morphea, systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus) include the clinical picture, immunoserology, and histology; however, dermoscopy may aid the diagnostic process and follow-up of the patients. For those diseases, where vascular abnormalities play an important role in the pathogenesis, videocapillaroscopy is used for examination of the microcirculation at the nailfold capillaries. Dermoscopy can be an easy-to-use everyday diagnostic tool in clinical practice regarding granulomatous and autoimmune skin diseases. Although punch biopsy is inevitable in many cases, the distinct dermoscopic structures can aid the diagnostic process. PMID:36881125 | DOI:10.1007/s00105-023-05123-8 {url} = URL to article
    • Front Pharmacol. 2023 Feb 15;14:1037925. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1037925. eCollection 2023. ABSTRACT TRPV1 is a non-selective channel receptor widely expressed in skin tissues, including keratinocytes, peripheral sensory nerve fibers and immune cells. It is activated by a variety of exogenous or endogenous inflammatory mediators, triggering neuropeptide release and neurogenic inflammatory response. Previous studies have shown that TRPV1 is closely related to the occurrence and/or development of skin aging and various chronic inflammatory skin diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, herpes zoster, allergic contact dermatitis and prurigo nodularis. This review summarizes the structure of the TRPV1 channel and discusses the expression of TRPV1 in the skin as well as its role of TRPV1 in skin aging and inflammatory skin diseases. PMID:36874007 | PMC:PMC9975512 | DOI:10.3389/fphar.2023.1037925 {url} = URL to article
    • Indian J Dermatol. 2022 Sep-Oct;67(5):625. doi: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_353_21. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Thirty per cent supramolecular salicylic acid (SSA) is a water-soluble, sustained release salicylic acid (SA) modality, which is well tolerated by sensitive skin. Anti-inflammatory therapy plays an important role in papulopustular rosacea (PPR) treatment. SSA at a 30% concentration has a natural antiinflammatory property. AIMS: This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of 30% SSA peeling for PPR treatment. METHODS: Sixty PPR patients were randomly divided into two groups: SSA group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases). Patients of the SSA group were treated with 30% SSA peeling three times every 3 weeks. Patients in both groups were instructed to topically apply 0.75% metronidazole gel twice daily. Transdermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration and erythema index were assessed after 9 weeks. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients completed the study. The improvement of erythema index in the SSA group was significantly better than that in the control group. No significant difference was found in terms of TEWL between the two groups. The content of skin hydration in both the groups increased, but there was no statistical significance. No severe adverse events were observed in both the groups. CONCLUSION: SSA can significantly improve the erythema index and overall appearance of skin in rosacea patients. It has a good therapeutic effect, good tolerance and high safety. PMID:36865859 | PMC:PMC9971792 | DOI:10.4103/ijd.ijd_353_21 {url} = URL to article
    • Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Mar 3;102(9):e33023. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000033023. ABSTRACT Rosacea is a chronic erythematous disease with telangiectasia that affects the central area of the face. However, because of the ambiguity in the pathophysiology of rosacea, its treatment has not been clearly elucidated; therefore, new therapeutic options need to be developed. Gyejibokryeong-hwan (GBH) is widely used in clinical practice for various blood circulation disorders, including hot flushes. Therefore, we explored the potential pharmaceutical mechanism of GBH on rosacea and investigated the therapeutic points exclusive to GBH through comparative analysis with chemical drugs recommended in 4 guidelines for rosacea based on network analysis. The active compounds in GBH were identified, and the proteins targeted by these compounds and the genes related to rosacea were searched. Additionally, the proteins targeted by the guideline drugs were also searched to compare their effects. And the pathway/term analysis of common genes was conducted. Ten active compounds were obtained for rosacea. There were 14 rosacea-related genes targeted by GBH, with VEGFA, TNF, and IL-4, which were suggested as core genes. The pathway/term analysis of the 14 common genes revealed that GBH could potentially act on rosacea via 2 pathways: the "interleukin 17 signaling pathway" and the "neuroinflammatory response." Comparison and analysis of the protein targets between GBH and guideline drugs revealed that only GBH separately acts on the "vascular wound healing pathway." GBH has the potential to act on IL-17 signaling pathway, neuroinflammatory response and vascular wound healing pathway. Further studies are needed to determine the potential mechanism of GBH in rosacea. PMID:36862896 | PMC:PMC9981404 | DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000033023 {url} = URL to article
    • Eur J Dermatol. 2022 Nov 1;32(6):716-723. doi: 10.1684/ejd.2022.4358. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Contact hypersensitivity or Demodex mite infestation is commonly reported in patients with rosacea. However, the associations and clinical implications of these two phenomena are poorly described in the literature. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the association between clinical characteristics, contact sensitization profiles, and Demodex mite infestation in patients with rosacea. MATERIALS & METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 189 patients diagnosed with rosacea, and categorized the patients into a rosacea-contact hypersensitivity or rosacea-non-contact hypersensitivity group. RESULTS: The rosaceacontact hypersensitivity group had older age (median: 45.5 vs. 37.0 years; p = 0.006), a higher frequency of itching (63.0% vs. 45.1%; p = 0.040), and a higher Demodex mite density (15.0/cm2 vs. 7.0/cm2; p = 0.002) than the rosacea-non-contact hypersensitivity group. Nickel sensitization was correlated with a higher Demodex mite density, female sex, and papulopustular subtype of rosacea. Based on the multivariate regression model, a favourable clinical outcome was correlated with nickel sensitization alone (odds ratio: 2.20, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-4.81). CONCLUSION: Patients with rosacea and contact hypersensitivity showed distinctive clinical features and a higher Demodex mite density. The association between nickel sensitization, Demodex mite infestation, and treatment response may reflect the role of allergen-specific TH polarization in the pathogenesis of rosacea. PMID:36856381 | DOI:10.1684/ejd.2022.4358 {url} = URL to article
    • Aesthet Surg J. 2023 Mar 1:sjad044. doi: 10.1093/asj/sjad044. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In the aesthetic clinical practice, botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is best known for its use as a neuromodulator for the treatment of dynamic facial lines; however, when injected intradermally as microdroplets, BoNT-A can improve skin quality and overall skin appearance. OBJECTIVES: To discuss key aspects of microtoxin use in clinical practice and provide expert guidance on use. METHODS: As part of a Continuing Medical Education (CME) lecture series and roundtable, the authors discussed key aspects of microtoxin patient selection, injection technique, and safety. RESULTS: The experiences of expert faculty are shared here. Clinical experience is consistent with reported data. Microtoxin can be used to reduce pore size, sebum production, rosacea, acne, and fine lines, and to improve jawline and neck definition. Intradermal injection can also be used for the improvement of transverse neck lines as well as for the safe prevention and management of scars and keloids. CONCLUSIONS: Expanding the use of BoNT-A, a predictable, minimally invasive, and affordable treatment to address commonly encountered complaints, is appealing. The authors have found that making patients aware of microtoxin as a treatment option results in increased interest, increased use of BoNT-A, and high satisfaction among appropriately selected patients. PMID:36857534 | DOI:10.1093/asj/sjad044 {url} = URL to article
    • Front Microbiol. 2023 Feb 10;14:1108661. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1108661. eCollection 2023. ABSTRACT Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disorder of uncertain etiology that mainly affects the centrofacial region, including cheeks, nose, chin, forehead, and eyes. The pathogenesis of rosacea remains unclear because it involves several complex factors. Additionally, the potential treatment methods need to be explored. We reviewed the common bacterial species in the skin microbiota and gut microbiota of rosacea patients such as Demodex folliculorum, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus oleronius, Cutibacterium acnes, and Helicobacter pylori and identified their role in the pathogenesis. Besides, we summarized the influence factors such as temperature and age on rosacea patients. We also systematically reviewed the commonly used clinical treatment methods, including antibiotics, probiotics. as well as their treatment mechanism and application precautions. PMID:36846769 | PMC:PMC9950749 | DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1108661 {url} = URL to article
    • J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2023 Feb-Mar;35(1):88-94. doi: 10.55519/JAMC-01-11442. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cosmetics have been a part of routine body care not only for the upper classes but also for the middle and lower classes since the dawn of civilization. Cosmetic formulations are in more demand as the public's interest in skin whitening grows. The contamination of cosmetics with heavy metals is a major concern as they containing heavy metals and pose a major risk to human health. This study looks in to the effects of Lead on human skin. METHODS: In this cross sectional study different products were examined. The matrices (scalp hair, blood, serum and nails) of reference and dermatitis cosmetic female patients (seborrhoeic dermatitis, rosacea, allergic contact dermatitis, and irritant contact dermatitis) and cosmetic samples were used in a 2:1 mixture of HNO3 (65%) and H2O2 (30%), and oxidation was performed using a microwave. The oxidized beauty and biological specimen underwent electrothermal atomic emission spectrophotometry after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity and precision of the methodology were verified using certified reference materials. Cosmetic products (lipstick, face powder, Eye Liner and Eye shadow) of different brands contain Pb concentrations in the ranges of 50.5-120 μg/g, 14.6-30.7 μg/g, 2.87-4.25 μg/g and 15.3-21.6 μg/g, respectively. RESULTS: In the present study, cosmetic products (lipstick (N=15), face powder (N=13), eye liner (N=11), eye shadow (N=15) and female patients with dermatitis (N=252) residing in Hyderabad city, Sindh, Pakistan, was investigated. The outcome of this investigation showed significantly higher levels of Pb in biological samples (blood and scalp hair) of different types of female dermatitis patients than in reference subjects (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The cosmetic products, especially with regard to heavy metals adulteration, are in use by the female population. PMID:36849384 | DOI:10.55519/JAMC-01-11442 {url} = URL to article
    • Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 17;24(4):4039. doi: 10.3390/ijms24044039. ABSTRACT Melatonin is the main hormone that regulates the sleep cycle, and it is mostly produced by the pineal gland from the amino acid tryptophan. It has cytoprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Melatonin is also one of the most powerful natural antioxidants, directly acting on free radicals and the intracellular antioxidant enzyme system. Furthermore, it participates in antitumor activity, hypopigmentation processes in hyperpigmentary disorders, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating activity in inflammatory dermatoses, maintaining the integrity of the epidermal barrier and thermoregulation of the body. Due predominantly to its positive influence on sleep, melatonin can be used in the treatment of sleep disturbances for those with chronic allergic diseases accompanied by intensive itching (such as atopic dermatitis and chronic spontaneous urticaria). According to the literature data, there are also many proven uses for melatonin in photoprotection and skin aging (due to melatonin's antioxidant effects and role in preventing damage due to DNA repair mechanisms), hyperpigmentary disorders (e.g., melasma) and scalp diseases (such as androgenic alopecia and telogen effluvium). PMID:36835450 | PMC:PMC9967801 | DOI:10.3390/ijms24044039 {url} = URL to article
    • Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 18;24(4):4135. doi: 10.3390/ijms24044135. ABSTRACT cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) functions as a prototypical stimulus-inducible transcription factor (TF) that initiates multiple cellular changes in response to activation. Despite pronounced expression in mast cells (MCs), CREB function is surprisingly ill-defined in the lineage. Skin MCs (skMCs) are critical effector cells in acute allergic and pseudo-allergic settings, and they contribute to various chronic dermatoses such as urticaria, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, psoriasis, prurigo, rosacea and others. Using MCs of skin origin, we demonstrate herein that CREB is rapidly phosphorylated on serine-133 upon SCF-mediated KIT dimerization. Phosphorylation initiated by the SCF/KIT axis required intrinsic KIT kinase activity and partially depended on ERK1/2, but not on other kinases such as p38, JNK, PI3K or PKA. CREB was constitutively nuclear, where phosphorylation occurred. Interestingly, ERK did not translocate to the nucleus upon SCF activation of skMCs, but a fraction was present in the nucleus at baseline, and phosphorylation was prompted in the cytoplasm and nucleus in situ. CREB was required for SCF-facilitated survival, as demonstrated with the CREB-selective inhibitor 666-15. Knock-down of CREB by RNA interference duplicated CREB's anti-apoptotic function. On comparison with other modules (PI3K, p38 and MEK/ERK), CREB was equal or more potent at survival promotion. SCF efficiently induces immediate early genes (IEGs) in skMCs (FOS, JUNB and NR4A2). We now demonstrate that CREB is an essential partaker in this induction. Collectively, the ancient TF CREB is a crucial component of skMCs, where it operates as an effector of the SCF/KIT axis, orchestrating IEG induction and lifespan. PMID:36835547 | PMC:PMC9966046 | DOI:10.3390/ijms24044135 {url} = URL to article
    • J Clin Med. 2023 Feb 19;12(4):1649. doi: 10.3390/jcm12041649. ABSTRACT Infestation with Demodex mites is a common occurrence, especially in adults and the elderly. More recent attention has been paid to the presence of Demodex spp. mites in children, even ones without comorbidities. It causes both dermatological and ophthalmological problems. The presence of Demodex spp. is often asymptomatic, thus it is suggested to include parasitological investigation tests in dermatological diagnostics, in addition to bacteriological analysis. Literature reports show that Demodex spp. are related to the pathogenesis of numerous dermatoses, including rosacea or demodicosis gravis, and common eye pathologies reported by patients such as dry eye syndrome or ocular surface inflammatory conditions, such as blepharitis, chalazia, Meibomian gland dysfunction, and keratitis. Treatment of patients is a challenge and is usually prolonged, therefore it is important to carefully diagnose and properly select the therapy regimen for the treatment to be successful, and with minimal side effects, especially for young patients. Apart from the use of essential oils, research is ongoing for new alternative preparations active against Demodex sp. Our review was focused on the analysis of the current literature data on the available agents in the treatment of demodicosis in adults and children. PMID:36836184 | PMC:PMC9961532 | DOI:10.3390/jcm12041649 {url} = URL to article
    • Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2023 Feb 24. doi: 10.1111/phpp.12869. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:36825933 | DOI:10.1111/phpp.12869 {url} = URL to article
    • Front Nutr. 2023 Feb 2;10:1092781. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1092781. eCollection 2023. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Despite of growing evidence on gastrointestinal comorbidities of rosacea, there was a lack of literatures regarding the role of diet on rosacea. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet pattern and the risk of incident rosacea. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of government employees aged >20 years conducted between January 2018 and December 2021 from five cities of Hunan province of China. At baseline, participants completed a food frequency questionnaire and participated in a skin examination. Presence of rosacea was determined by certified dermatologists. Subsequent skin examinations during follow-up were performed every one-year interval since the entry of the study. The Mediterranean diet score (MDS) was generated based on seven food groups (whole grains, red meats, fish, raw vegetables, legumes, fruits and nuts). Binary logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders were used to estimate risks for incident rosacea. RESULTS: Of the 3,773 participants who completed at least two consecutive skin examinations, 3,496 were eligible for primary analyses. With a total follow-up of 8,668 person-years, we identified 83 incident rosacea cases. After full adjustments for covariates, the MDS was associated a decreased risk of incident rosacea (aOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.99; P trend = 0.037 for 1-point increment of MDS). In subgroup analyses by body mass index (BMI), this inverse association was consistently observed in the lowest and medium tertiles of BMI (<24.5 kg/m2), but not in the highest tertile of BMI (≥24.5 kg/m2), with a significant interaction effect (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet pattern might reduce the risk of incident rosacea among non-overweight individuals. PMID:36819686 | PMC:PMC9932686 | DOI:10.3389/fnut.2023.1092781 {url} = URL to article
    • J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023 Feb 15:S0190-9622(23)00197-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.01.044. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Patients with refractory erythema of rosacea have limited treatment options. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 12-week course of paroxetine for moderate-to-severe erythema of rosacea. METHODS: In a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, patients with refractory erythema of rosacea were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive paroxetine 25 mg daily or placebo for 12 weeks. RESULTS: Overall, 97 patients completed the study (paroxetine: 49; placebo: 48). The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants achieving Clinical Erythema Assessment (CEA) success (defined as CEA score of 0, 1 or ≥ 2-grade improvement from baseline) at week 12; this was significantly greater in the paroxetine group than in the placebo group (42.9% vs. 20.8%, P=0.02). Some secondary endpoints were met, such as flushing success with point reductions ≥2 (44.9% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.04) and improvement in overall flushing (2.49 ± 3.03 vs. 1.68 ± 2.27, P=0.047), burning sensation (46.9% vs. 18.8%, P=0.003), and depression (P=0.041). The most reported adverse events associated with paroxetine were dizziness, lethargy, nausea, dyspepsia, and muscle tremors. LIMITATIONS: Only a single-dosage regimen of paroxetine within a 12-week study was evaluated. CONCLUSION: Paroxetine is an effective and well-tolerated alternative treatment for moderate-to-severe erythema of rosacea. PMID:36806645 | DOI:10.1016/j.jaad.2023.01.044 {url} = URL to article
    • Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2023 Feb 3;16:339-343. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S400302. eCollection 2023. ABSTRACT Sporotrichosis is a deep fungus infection caused by the Sporothrix. In China, the most common species is Sporothrix globosa which is difficult to treat with most antifungal drugs. Atypical clinical forms of sporotrichosis can be a hinder to clinicians for an early diagnosis and treatment. We report a case of fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis of the face caused by S. globosa in a healthy adult that was initially misdiagnosed as rosacea due to its unusual clinical features. We made an effort to dermoscopically track changes in skin lesions both before and after treatment, confirming that itraconazole was effective in the treatment of sporotrichosis. PMID:36762257 | PMC:PMC9904292 | DOI:10.2147/CCID.S400302 {url} = URL to article
    • Br J Dermatol. 2023 Feb 10;188(2):304-306. doi: 10.1093/bjd/ljac041. NO ABSTRACT PMID:36763873 | DOI:10.1093/bjd/ljac041 {url} = URL to article
    • Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2023 Feb 6;65(1669):21-22. doi: 10.58347/tml.2023.1669c. NO ABSTRACT PMID:36757349 | DOI:10.58347/tml.2023.1669c {url} = URL to article
    • Skin Health Dis. 2022 Nov 17;3(1):e190. doi: 10.1002/ski2.190. eCollection 2023 Feb. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Rosacea is a cutaneous disease that may secondarily affect the ocular surface. Due to the vision threatening, cosmetic, psychological, and work productivity impact, the identification of cellular targets that govern rosacea would enhance our understanding of the biology of the disease and delineate targets for therapeutic manipulation. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the involvement of SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) in the pathogenesis of rosacea. METHODS: Specimens from elective ectropion surgery (n = 20) were processed from patients with rosacea (n = 10) and control patients (n = 10). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative western blotting (WB) were performed to identify and quantify the presence of SHP2 and 4G10 (a phosphotyrosine antibody) in rosacea compared to normal tissue. IHC samples were graded according to an intensity scale (0-4). Mann-Whitney statistical analyses were performed via a dedicated computerized software package. RESULTS: On WB, SHP2 was expressed in higher concentrations in rosacea specimens (p < 0.05). On IHC, SHP2 was enriched in the epidermis in rosacea (p < 0.05), although 4G10 levels were not statistically significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: SHP2 is enriched in cutaneous specimens of rosacea, suggesting a critical role for this protein in the disease and indicating a modifiable therapeutic moiety. PMID:36751313 | PMC:PMC9892417 | DOI:10.1002/ski2.190 {url} = URL to article
    • Skin Health Dis. 2022 Sep 8;3(1):e154. doi: 10.1002/ski2.154. eCollection 2023 Feb. ABSTRACT In this report, we correlated the incidence of rosacea with coffee (regular and decaffeinated) and tea consumption in a large cohort of middle-aged men and women living within the United Kingdom. Caffeinated coffee drinkers had lower odds for rosacea diagnosis compared to non-coffee drinkers. We hypothesize that the vasoconstrictive effects of caffeine in regular coffee overpower the vasodilatory effects associated with hot beverages and support it to be protective against rosacea. PMID:36751326 | PMC:PMC9892423 | DOI:10.1002/ski2.154 {url} = URL to article
    • Cureus. 2023 Jan 3;15(1):e33309. doi: 10.7759/cureus.33309. eCollection 2023 Jan. ABSTRACT Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are commensal human ectoparasites that reside within or near hair follicles and have been highly associated with rosacea-like papulopustular skin eruptions. We present an interesting case of recurrent, iatrogenic demodicosis in a 56-year-old man. We suspect this to have been triggered by antifungal therapy given it occurred twice closely following azole treatment. We propose that oral antifungals in the setting of immunosuppression can alter the skin microbiome, facilitating Demodex proliferation. PMID:36741596 | PMC:PMC9894334 | DOI:10.7759/cureus.33309 {url} = URL to article
    • Front Immunol. 2023 Jan 18;14:955369. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.955369. eCollection 2023. ABSTRACT Interleukin (IL)-18, an interferon-γ inducer, belongs to the IL-1 family of pleiotropic pro-inflammatory factors, and IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) is a native antagonist of IL-18 in vivo, regulating its activity. Moreover, IL-18 exerts an influential function in host innate and adaptive immunity, and IL-18BP has elevated levels of interferon-γ in diverse cells, suggesting that IL-18BP is a negative feedback inhibitor of IL-18-mediated immunity. Similar to IL-1β, the IL-18 cytokine is produced as an indolent precursor that requires further processing into an active cytokine by caspase-1 and mediating downstream signaling pathways through MyD88. IL-18 has been implicated to play a role in psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, and bullous pemphigoid in human inflammatory skin diseases. Currently, IL-18BP is less explored in treating inflammatory skin diseases, while IL-18BP is being tested in clinical trials for other diseases. Thereby, IL-18BP is a prospective therapeutic target. PMID:36742296 | PMC:PMC9889989 | DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2023.955369 {url} = URL to article
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